95 1. people wishing to grow organic foods do not purchase land which has been used to grow bananas, sugar cane or deciduous fruit,……………these crops will have been heavily doses with biocides. 2. This means they continue to exist unchanged in the soil……………they cannot move into one of the cycles of matter. 3. Plants and crops die……………they are unable to tolerate the high salt levels. 4. Microclimates can be a rich source of diversity, ……………your design should take advantage of them rather than eliminate them. 5. Aquaculture is also one of the most efficient methods of obtaining high quality animal protein……………fish are cold-blooded and do not use energy for body warmth, therefore they require less food per body weight. 6. In temperate and tropical systems more aquaculture systems are needed to ameliorate environmental stress……………they will absorb excess nutrients, filter some toxins, and supply a wider range of cultivated products. B. Combine the following pairs to make complex sentences a. The community was allowed to have a multiple occupancy title to their land. The local government office declared that the land was useless for conventional agriculture. b. After more than ten years the regrowth is extraordinarily beautiful, and indigenous animals fearlessly move around the residents. They have come to recognize the land as a sanctuary. c. The people live in simple houses, built with mudbricks or recycled timbers and use solar and wind-powered electricity. The forests here are being conserved very well. d. The community is largely self-supporting in term of water, power and food. The people do not need large incomes and can effort not to turn the land into a full-scale farm. e. Plants and crops die. They are unable to tolerate the high salt levels. III. READING A 1. Pre-reading questions. a. What national forests in our country do you know? Call them out? b. Are there any national forests in your area? NATURAL FORESTS The indigenous forests are the conservation forests. If your garden is your security in food, then it is the natural forests that are the backbone and security for the whole landscape. Indigenous forests involved over millions of years with all the pressures of natural selection operating, so that finally what we see is a highly refined complex which is beautifully honed to survive in the surrounding environment. It is balanced so that it will be perfectly self-sustaining if left undisturbed. If the environment changes, then, given time, the forest will change. It is miracle. Like your food forest and structural forest, this assembly of trees and their organisms provides shelter and protection, and maintains air, water and soil in uncontaminated states. In addition it preserves the perfectly adapted genetic material of many plants and animals. If the forest is large enough it will offer sanctuary to indigenous mammals, birds and reptiles. In the event of fire or drought, animals can move around this zone to escape the worst of the disaster, especially if the natural forest is linked to wildlife corridors. Indigenous forests have another special benefit, which is that of conveying a sense of place or each region. When you think of Northern Hemisphere forests your thoughts go to deciduous beech woodlands or coniferous forests. The principles for natural forests are: to preserve all fragments of indigenous forest; to extend all natural forests. 96 to establish forests in the following areas; - creeks, rivers and gullies - farm boundaries - ridges and places with slopes greater than 15º - roadside verges The size of natural forests usually determined by the productivity of the land. Obviously natural forests will be smaller on highly productive land and in the cities. 2. Comprehension check.(work in group of 4) Ask and answer the following questions. a. What is the indigenous forest? b. How is the indigenous established? c. Do the indigenous forest change ? d. What benefits do the indigenous forests have? e. What are the advantages of the indigenous forest? f. What are the main principles for the natural forest? g. Why do people have to restore and protect indigenous forests? h. What does the author mean by natural forest? 3. Writing. (group-work) a. The benefits getting from natural forests. b. Why do people need to protect natural forest? c. The deforestation in Vietnam. d. The project for afforestation in Vietnam. PART B. I. Word study. A. Match the word with its definition. a. levee b. hybrid strain c. paddy d. arid e. hunt f. tend g. consumerism h. breakdown i. tribal j. ecofarm k. alley l. fabrics m. scheme n. occupancy o. title p. conventional q. regenerate r. solar energy - sun's energy - restore - following what is tradition or customary - right or climate the ownership of property. - occupying a house, land - project, plan - type of cloths - path bordered by trees or hedges in a garden or park. - ecological farm. - racial group of people, group of related animals or plants. - collapse or failure. - protection of consumers' interests. - look after or take care of . - chase and try to kill or capture wild animals. - dry land having a little or no rain. - field where rice is grown. - animal or plant that has parents of different species. - embankment built to prevent a flooded river from overflowing. II. READING B 1. Pre-reading task. a. What does region mean? b. Give some names indicating different regions. For example, coastal region Sustainable Growing and Living in Different Regions A. Cool, wet biozones 97 In the past, people in cool temperate biozones typically created attractive landscapes of small houses grouped in villages. Some of these can still be seen in Ireland, Norway, England, northern France and Germany. The villagers had their own food gardens and shared publicly owned commons of grasslands, forests and waterways. (figure 5 shows a profile of a landscape modelled on this system - the design could be adapted and used by individual farmers living in this biozone). B. Hot, wet biozones Hot, wet biozones have historically supported millions of people in the delta systems of the Ganges, Irrawaddy, Red, Mekong, and Indus rivers. Traditionally, the farming systems were highly productive, self-sustaining and non-polluting. Like the rural villages in temperate climates, houses were grouped together, and each house had a food garden sheltered by fruit and timber trees. Legumes were planted on the levee banks of the terraced rice paddies to supply nitrogen for the rice. Ducks, geese and fish supplemented the staple rice crop, and controlled insect pests. Although some villages are still set out in this way, governments and companies are changing the traditional landscape and way of life for these people. The leveebanks and the fruit and forest trees are being removed to create more space for growing rice, which is used as a cash crop and for export. These new hybrid strains of rice require chemicals which are killing the fish in the rivers and canals. As a consequence, the farmers are being forced to give up their ancestral lands, or they are going into debt to buy capital intensive machinery (even though the crop prices are not rising to cover these new costs). C. Hot dry biozones Many desert regions and arid zones have been sensitively managed by people, who travelled around their lands as they hunted or tended their animals. Arabs, Tibetans, African Bushmen and Aborigines all had extensive and precise environmental knowledge that enabled them to live in areas which today would be considered impossible without many inputs. One very good example of a sustainable desert cultures is that of the Bishnoi people of the Rajasthan desert in India. Although the annual rainfall is 1 cm per year, they manage to live well and stay healthy because their society maintains strict ecological laws. In some dry land cultures, water conserving strategies have enabled farmers to successfully grow crops. 2. Comprehension check. Answer the following questions. a. How many biozones are there in your country? b. Is there any difference between the biozones? c. What advantages and disadvantages are there in the biozones? d. What do people cultivate in each biozone? e. What biozone is the most convenient for the agricultural development? f. What biozone is more convenient for raising cattle, and what is for farming? g. How do people in hot dry biozones manage to live well? h. Why are some villages being forced to give up their ancestral lands? ________________ The way to a man's heart is through his stomach 98 TEST 3 (Unit 11 – Unit15) (score: 100 marks) I. SECTION 1: (Grammar and Vocabulary) (45 marks) A. Vocabulary. Choose the best answer among A,B,C,D. 1. Although their fruiting characteristics may not be as desirable as other varieties, they will have a greater chance of establishing in the new environment. A. subdivision of a species B. different kinds of tree, animal C. a class of different things D. A or B 2. Later you can add varieties that have special qualities such as early or late fruit, special flavour or colour, and good storage or processing characteristics. A. distingwishing features B. good manners C. typical signs D. B or C 3. If possible, use grafted species as they will bear more heavily and the rootstock will be hardier under your conditions. A. mixed species B. one plant fixed to another C. loval species D. two different parts of a plant 4. Trees with fruit ripening the leaf canopy will need more sun than trees with fruit ripening the leaf canopy. A. out/in B. sideout/sidein C. inside/outside D. outside/inside 5. It is important to understand how water moves through the soil when you add water you can help to keep it there and prevent leaching of valuable plant nutrients. A. so that B. so as to C. in order to D. in order that 6. It is not really possible too much organic matter in a food garden. A. have B. to have C. having D. A or C 7. It is suitable for cultivation in a soil. A. fine-textured soil B. medium-textured soil C. coarse-textured soil D. B & C 8. Moisture moves upwards due to the evaporative effects of sunlight and wind. A. evaporated by effects B. concentrated by effects C. condencated by effects D. A & B 9. Mulching or digging organic matter into the soil can evaporation from the soil surface. A. reduce B. increase C. keep D. A or B 10. Nitrogen is one of the major elements for plant and animal growth. A. requirement B. requiring C. require D. required 11. Nitrogen is transformed into a soluble form by bacteria living in soil or water. A. come B. converted C. exchanged D. moved quickly 12. Organic matter helps sandy soils to hold . A. water B. nutrient C. air D. A & B 13. Overall, is the most important in achieving diverse and stable landscapes. A. microclimate B. regional climate C. general climate D. none is correct 14. Overdosing with fertilizer may lead to the of surface and ground water. A. drying up B. contamination C. pollution D. B or C 15. Oxygen with ethylene may help to increase the build-up of………….… . A. micro-organisms. B. organic matter C. soil texture D. nutrients 16. Soil can be quite rapidly repaired and rebuilt. A. improved B. increased C. eroded D. dergaded 17. Some biocides continue to exist unchanged in the soil . A. because they are not soluble compounds. B. because they are made from chemicals. C. because they cannot move into the cycles of matter. D. A & B 18. Sulphur can be added to an alkaline soil to make it more . 99 A. fertile B. alkaline C. acidic D. neutral 19. The bacteria supply the plant with nitrogen and receive energy from it. A. the nitrogen B.the bacterium C. the plant D. the sun 20. The following techniques describe ways of increasing the organic content and nutrient status of soils. A. materials B. fertility C. structure D. substance 21. The fundamental cause of soil decline is . A. the removal of surface vegetation. B. the excessive use of artificial fertilizer. C. the use of chemicals D. the land salinity 22. The green manure crop can be slashed two or three times while it is growing. A. collected B. cut C. chopped D. struck 23. The PH refers to acidity or alkalinity which, in soils, is a measure of solubility of nutrients. A. size B. ability C. extent D. standard 24. The root systems open up the soil to air and water and protect the surface from erosion and desiccation. A. prevent B. keep C. guard D. A or B 25. When water moves through the soil, it may bring………….…into water table. A. soil surface B. plant nutrients C. humus D. soil organisms 26. Some fruits, like citrus, plums and peaches, have been bred to thrive over a wide range of soil and climates. A. develop well B. grow well C. spead quickly D. A or B 27. Other trees are more specialized in their requirements, e.g. tea and coffee grow best at high altitudes; coconuts will only fruit in warm coastal regions. A. adapted to B. well-known in C. instinctive in D. typical in 28. In both cases the soil texture and structure is improved by adding of organic matter. A. large qualities B. large amounts C. large quantities D. B or C 29. The management of tropical soils involves different principles from those of temperate soils. A. rules B. laws C. ways D. formulas 30. Tropical soils contain a large amount of kaolinite clay and if they are low in iron and aluminium, their structure may be excessively poor and unstable. A. lot B. big quantity C. good quality D. A or B B. Grammar. Choose the best answer among A,B,C,D. 31. Bill Mollison recommends that people to grow organic foods do not purchase land which has been used to grow bananas, sugar cane or deciduous fruit. A. wish B. wished C. wishing D. A or B 32. Most of crops do not begin to grow the temperature varies greatly from the optimum temperature for germination. A. if B. unless C. where D. though 33. It is possible for germination at the minimum temperature, but the seed may die if the temperature rises much above or falls much below the optimum temperature range. A. to beginning B. to begin C. beginning D. begun 34. In semi-arid areas such as the monsoon areas of North-west India and West Africa, crops may have as many as eight times in one season. A. to be replanted B. replanted C. to replant D. been replanted 35. However about 90 % of the fertilizer was insoluble and lay in the soils and is now resulting in extremely acid soils and dying pastures. A. unuse B. unusing C. unuses D. unused 100 36. Soil salinity is another example of unhealthy soil. Basically, it is caused by water tables. A. rising B. rise C. rised D. rosen 37. Deep-rooted trees and shrubs are removed and replaced with shallow-rooted pasture species use less water. A. which B. what C. those D. these 38. As more water moves through the soil the water table rises and natural salts are to the soil surface. A. bringing B. flowing C. brought D. flowed 39. Plants and crops die because they are unable the high salt levels. A. tolerated B. to tolerate C. tolerating D. tolerate 40. Dry-land salting is a particular problem in areas vegetation has been removed from recharge areas. A. where B. whose C. which D. that 41. much farming is still by traditional methods, there has been a significant change in the technologies available since independence. A. Although B. However C. Much as D. Even if 42. The area under canal irrigation systems by the government has expanded enormously. A. financed B. finance C. financing D. finances 43. There has been an even greater expansion in the area by well-based systems. A. watered B. watering C. irrigation D. irrigate 44. The demand for chemical fertilizers and high-yielding seed varieties increased markedly. A. having B. have C. to have D. has 45. Artificial fertilizers need to be soluble compounds plants can absorb the nutrients. A. so as B. which C. that D. so that SECTION 2. (Reading comprehension) (30 marks) Reding 1: Fill in the gaps with given words in the box. maintains ; several ; crops ; substances ; humus ; improve planting ; condition ; purpose ; materials ; manures ; mixture Plant growth cannot continue if there is not a supply of minerals in a soil. The minerals which are available for this (1) can be divided into two groups: the bulky, organic materials which are called (2) , and the more concentrated, inorganic chemical (3) which are called fertilizers. Farmyard manure, or dung, consists of a (4) of litter, solid excreta and urine. It contains three most important substances for plant (5) - nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Manure is added to the soil for (6) reasons. It improves the physical (7) of the soil. It also keeps up the level of (8) in the soil, and (9) the best conditions for the activities of soil organisms. Finally, it makes up for the plant nutrients which have been removed by (10) or lost by leaching and soil erosion. Reading 2. Choose the best answer among A,B,C,D. Water on the earth is being continuously recycled in a process known as the hydrologic cycle. The first step of the cycle is the evaporation of water in the oceans. Evaporation is the process of water turning into vapor, which then forms clouds in the sky. The second step is the water returning to the earth in the form of precipitation, either rain, snow, or ice. When the water reaches the earth‟s surface, it runs off into the rivers, lakes, and the oceans, where the cycle begins again. 101 Not all water, however, stays on the surface of the earth in the hydrologic cycle. Some of it seeps into the ground through infiltration and collects under the earth‟s surface as groundwater. This groundwater is extremely important to life on earth since 95% of the earth‟s water is in the oceans; and is too salty for humans or plants. Of the 5% on land, only .05% is above ground in rivers or lakes. The rest is under-ground water. This groundwater is plentiful and dependable, as it doesn‟t depend on seasonal rain or snow. It is the major source of water for many cities. But as the population increases and the need for water also increases, the groundwater in some areas is getting dangerously low. Added to this problem is an increasing amount of pollution that seeps into the groundwater. In the future, with an increasing population and more toxic waste, the hydrologic cycle we depend on could become dangerously imbalanced. 1. Clouds are formed from A. water vapor. B. evaporation C. the hydrologic cycle D. groundwater 2. Water returns to the earth by . A. infiltration B. pollution C. precipitation D. evaporation 3. Groundwater . A. depends on seasonal rains B. comes from toxic waste C. is .05% of all water D. collects under the earth 4. The amount of groundwater is . A. about 95% of all water B. less than 5% of all water C. .05% of above groundwater D. 95% of above ground water 5. The supply of groundwater is getting low because of . A. conservation B. toxic waste C. pollution D. population increase 6. The best title for this passage is . A. Water conservation B. The Hydrologic Cycle C. Underground Water D. Polluted Groundwater III. SECTION 3: (Writing) (25 marks) A. Write conditional sentences. 1. A soil is deficient in calcium. Plant roots die at tips, or remain short and stubby. 2. A soil is deficient in phosphorous. All parts of plant stunted in growth, with bluish-green leaves, poor fruit or seed development 3. A soil is deficient in potassium. Plant tissues are weak, prone to attack by insect and fungus. 4. A soil is deficient in iron. young leaves develop chlorosis, veins remain green 5. A soil is deficient in sulphur. New leaves turning yellow, roots and stems becoming long and woody B. Write complex sentences, using relative pronouns or relative adverbs. 1. Fertilizers are added to soil to replace nutrients. The nutrients have been used by previous crops. 2. Irrigation water causes the water table to rise. The water is surplus to the crops' needs. 3. You could try to find a cultivar. It has a known resistance to fungal diseases and plant it in a place. There it receives drying breezes. 4. You can create different habitats and diversify the range of plants and animals. They will grow in your garden. 5. There are several good reasons. You should avoid buying fish by the reason. The fish have been caught or raised using these methods. C. Combine the following pairs to make a sentence expressing concession. 102 1. K is not a constituent of any plant structures or compounds. But it is essential in nearly all processes needed to sustain plant life. 2. You were not able to diagnose the disease. But it would assist the veterinary surgeon if you could describe the symptoms. 3. The annual rainfall is 1 cm per year. They manage to live well and stay healthy because their society maintains strict ecological laws. 4. World climates have fairly predictable wind patterns. These seem to be changing with global warming. 5. Olives prefer a mild Mediterranean climate. But they can still be grown in cool areas by planting near a warm, east-facing wall with good drainage and excellent wind protection. D. Combine the following pairs to make complex sentences. 1. The people live in simple houses, built with mudbricks or recycled timbers and use solar and wind-powered electricity. The forests here are being conserved very well. 2. The community is largely self-supporting in term of water, power and food. The people do not need large incomes and can effort not to turn the land into a full-scale farm. 3. Plants and crops die. They are unable to tolerate the high salt levels. 4. The community was allowed to have a multiple occupancy title to their land. The local authority declared that the land was useless for conventional agriculture. 5. After more than ten years the regrowth is extraordinarily beautiful, and indigenous animals fearlessly move around the residents. They have come to recognize the land as a sanctuary. 103 § UNIT16 REVISION I. Word study. 1. Find the word which have the same meaning. a. integral b. estuary c. seabed. d. moonscape e. desolate f. mussels g. crayfish h. ethical - wide river mouth - crawfish - edible shellfish - moral - deserted and miserable - necessary for completeness - floor of the sea - landscape on the moon 2. Match the word with its definition. a. aquaculture b. polyculture c. pond d. model e. diver f. wilderness g. monoculture - area of wild uncultivated land. - system of growing a single agricultural crop. - cultivating many different species of plants and animals. - person who dives and works under water. - a small area of still water used as drinking place for cattle or raising fish. - cultivating water organisms for food. - system used as a basis for a copy. 3. Fill in the gaps with words in the box. 1. integral; international; internal 2. modern; model; modish 3. wild; wind; wilderness 4. aquaculture; polyculture; monoculture a. The arms and legs are……………parts of the human body. b. The government provided a good.… ………farm that other local authorities followed. c. The garden was turning into a.………………after the owner had been ill. d. It has been found that in an apple……………up to 100% of the apples can be infested with codling moth, but in a………….…only 4% of the apples will be affected by codling moth. II. READING A 1. Pre-reading task. a. What is the text about? b. How do you understand the title of the text? AQUACULTURE - THE WATER POLYCULTURE In permaculture, aquaculture systems are regarded as water polycultures, that is, they are cultivated water ecosystems. All the aquatic organisms, including water plants, fish, crustaceans and water birds, are interdependent on each other and their environment through food chains and food webs. And like all stable ecosystems, these cultivated aquacultures are sustainable and highly productive. Some of the best cultivated aquaculture systems have been developed in southeast Asia. In Vietnam there are specialized aquacultures for coastal waters, along estuaries, in delta canals, in freshwater mountain lakes, and in the home fish ponds which are integral part of their sustainable gardens/farms. These highly complex water systems have been developed over thousands of years and are excellent models for developing similar systems in other parts of the world. In other societies, however, most people buy fish which have been harvested from the sea or raised in commercial fish farms. There are several good reasons why you should avoid buying fish which have been caught or raised using these methods. Firstly, there is an ever- increasing number of unsafe chemicals found in seafood and freshwater fish. Secondly, 104 continual harvesting from lakes and oceans is causing serious environmental damage. In some areas, divers have described the seabeds as desolate moonscapes! You are helping to preserve the ocean and river wildernesses when you do not buy commercial seafood and freshwater fish. Commercial fish farms, where one species of aquatic animal (fish, mussels, crayfish, etc.) is raised in a monoculture system, are not a satisfactory alternative to harvesting from natural systems. Fish farms have all the same problems as other monoculture systems: they require high energy inputs and maintenance, and are supported by a variety of chemicals. You will find there are many other benefits to be gained from developing sustainable aquaculture systems. You may feel it is not ethical to eat red meat because of the environmental cost of feeding most of the world's grain to beef and pigs while many people are starving; or you may be concerned about land degradation occurring through removal of forests of grazing land. Aquaculture is also one of the most efficient methods of obtaining high quality animal protein because fish: are cold-blooded and do not use energy for body warmth, therefore they require less food per body weight; are supported by water and can devote more energy to growth; can feed on organic waste such as plant and animal residues; are close to the start of the food chain. Water from fish ponds can be used for irrigation, as a nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer, and for fire fighting. Water systems in gardens and on farms can also add to microclimate variation. In temperate and tropical systems more aquaculture systems are needed to ameliorate environmental stress because they will absorb excess nutrients, filter some toxins, and supply a wider range of cultivated products. 2. Comprehension check. a. Why are aquaculture systems regarded as water polycultures? b. What is the relationship between aquatic organisms? c. Where have the aquaculture systems be developed best in Vietnam? d. What water species are cultivated most in Vietnam? e. Why do people avoid buying fish which have been harvested from the sea or raised in commercial fish farms? f. What benefits do people gain from developing sustainable aquaculture systems? III. GRAMMAR A. Underline the subordinate clauses in the following sentences. 1. After being absorbed it is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat energy or turned into chemical energy by green plants when they photosynthesize. 2. Animals carry out many functions, one of which is to supply plant nutrients in the form of manures. 3. If a soil is almost pure clay or pure sand then it will be a 'difficult' soil in which to grow plants. 4. Artificial fertilizers need to be soluble compounds so that plants can absorb the nutrients. 5. As the water table rises towards the surface, naturally occurring salts are dissolved and concentrated in the upper soil layer. 6. Bill Mollison recommends that people wishing to grow organic foods do not purchase land which has been used to grow bananas, sugar cane or deciduous fruit, as these crops will have been heavily doses with biocides. 7. Dry-land salting is a particular problem in areas where vegetation has been removed from recharge areas. [...]... They will bear more heavily and the rootstock will be hardier under your conditions 1 06 14 You are helping to preserve the ocean and river wildernesses You do not buy commercial seafood and freshwater fish 15 You can create different habitats and diversify the range of plants and animals They will grow in your garden 16 You were not able to diagnose the disease It would assist the veterinary surgeon if... pigs The animals have a strong manure It should be composted before it is applied to gardens 5 One large problem is finding out the names and getting hold of varieties They will grow in your local area 6 people wishing to grow organic foods do not purchase land The land has been used to grow bananas, sugar cane or deciduous fruit These crops will have been heavily doses with biocides 7 The soil is silky... there are specialized aquacultures for coastal waters, along estuaries, in delta canals, in freshwater mountain lakes, and in the home fish ponds which are integral part of their sustainable gardens/farms 6 Indigenous forests involved over millions of years with all the pressures of natural selection operating, so that finally what we see is a highly refined complex which is beautifully honed to survive... of the large general climate 5 There are many animals living in the soil, …………… aerate the soil, create water channels, break down large molecules to smaller ones which can be absorbed by plant roots 6 Soluble fertilizers, …………….are often added regularly to the irrigation water, further contribute to the concentration of salts in the upper soil layer 7 There are plants………have a bacterium, Rhizobium... mainly sand and coarse gravel its texture is said to be gritty 15 You could try to find a cultivar…………… has a known resistance to fungal diseases and plant it in a place where it receives drying breezes 16 You may be able to grow an almond tree…………… you live in a cool moist climate simply by positioning it against a sunny sheltered wall 17 When …………….you are planning the orchard you will need to consider... north-eastern Pacific oceans and from the most extensive bodies of fresh water in the world In the early 1990s the number of people employed in fishing or fish-processing operations 108 was approximately 114 ,60 0 Most of the yearly output of the fishing industry, which has a market value of about US$2 billion per year, is exported, making Canada one of the world‟s pre-eminent fish exporters The catch, which... ecception B excluding C expectation D including 5 In an effort to harvest greater yields, more and more marginal land has been ploughed up A not fertile land B edge or border land C rich land D A or B 6 This has been disastrous for the soil which is then left from animal hoofs, wind, rain, cold and heat A expose and unprotect B exposed and unprotected C exposing and unprotecting D A or C 7 Excessive... Soluble fertilizers, which are often added regularly to the irrigation water, further contribute to the concentration of salts in the upper soil layer A collection B codansation C contribution D B or C 16 An accumulation of biocides (chemicals used to kill organisms) also causes soil decline A gathering large quantity B concentration C increse in number D All are correct 17 Microclimate is the summation... Potassium is known to play a vital role in photosynthesis, regulation of plant pores, activation of plant catalysts (enzymes) and many other processes A essential to existence B lively C dynamic D energetic 26 Plants deficient in K cannot use water and other nutrients from either soil or fertilizer efficiently A lacking B incomplete C inedequate D A or C 27 Plants deficient in K are .to environmental stresses... nutrient ratios (proportion) and are therefore ''mining'' soil K A average B high C low D right 35 About two-thirds of India‟s population depends on the land a living A to do B doing C to make D making 36 Agriculture generates an estimated 28 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) 111 A cultivates B grows C produces D contributes 37 The raising of livestock, particularly horned cattle, is a central . cold-blooded and do not use energy for body warmth, therefore they require less food per body weight. 6. In temperate and tropical systems more aquaculture systems are needed to ameliorate environmental. forests are: to preserve all fragments of indigenous forest; to extend all natural forests. 96 to establish forests in the following areas; - creeks, rivers and gullies - farm boundaries. The way to a man's heart is through his stomach 98 TEST 3 (Unit 11 – Unit15) (score: 100 marks) I. SECTION 1: (Grammar and Vocabulary) (45 marks) A. Vocabulary.