[...]... 41 31 19 5 18 21 5 14 0 Sinking Total 2 3 1 8 1 15 43 34 20 13 18 22 5 15 5 13 14 Introduction to hovercraft Table 1. 4 Early Hovercraft accidents causing overturning and major skirt damage Item Model Country Date Damage Data source 1 XR -1 USA Dec 19 64 Transverse overturning in waves 2 SR.N5-004 UK Apr 19 65 3 SR.N6- 012 UK Mar 19 72 4 SR.N5-007 UK May 19 65 5 SR.N5-005 UK July 19 65 6 SR.N4-0 01 UK Sept 19 68... service ACV 19 65 Vol 6 No 34 ACV 19 65 Vol 6 No 34 Hovercraft & Hydrofoil 19 72 No 1 ACV 19 65 Vol 6 No 35 8 SK5- 015 UK Nov 19 71 9 N.500 France May 19 77 Severe damage to hull structure from waves, craft sank Craft caught fire while in workshop, almost completely destroyed ACV 19 65 Vol 6 No 39 Lloyds List 19 68, 479 51 Hovercraft & Hydrofoil 19 71 No 7 ACV 19 76 Vol 11 No 7 Hovercraft & Hydrofoil Vol 16 No 7 stretched... 474 476 15 Propulsion system design 15 .1 Introduction 15 .2 Air propellers 15 .3 Ducted propellers and fans 15 .4 Marine propellers 15 .5 Water jets 15 .6 Power transmission 15 .7 Surface contact propulsion 487 487 507 515 520 536 564 574 16 Power unit selection 16 .1 Introduction 16 .2 Powering estimation 16 .3 Diesel engines 16 .4 Gas turbines 16 .5 General design requirements 16 .6 Machinery space layout 16 .7... Date of Construction Craft Engine Structure Total power/(payload, speed) kW/(tonne.knot) 19 60 SR.N1 SR.N5 BH.7 SR.N4 SR.N4 Mk3 API 88 Aluminium, riveted „ „ „ 2.35 19 65 19 70 19 75 19 80 19 83 Aircraft, piston Gas turbine Gas turbine Gas turbine Gas turbine Air cooled diesel Aluminium, welded 1. 83 1. 25 0.74 0. 51 0.59 ACV and SES development in the UK 21 (a) Fig 1. 20 (a) BHC AP188 -10 0 Hovercraft Ferry operating...x Contents 14 Structural design 14 .1 ACV and SES structural design features 14 .2 External forces on hull - introduction to the strength calculation of craft 14 .3 Brief introduction to the structural calculation used in MARIC 14 .4 Calculation methods for strength in the former Soviet Union 14 .5 Safety factors 14 .6 Considerations for thickness of plates in hull structural design 14 .7 Hovercraft vibration... the last three decades The second part, from Chapters 2 to 9, systematically describes ACV and SES theory - primarily the hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of cushion systems The third part, from Chapters 11 to 16 , describes the design methods of ACV and SES, including the design criteria and standards for craft performance, lift system design, skirt design, hull structure design, and methods for determining... first time on July 25, 19 59 China began her own hovercraft research in 19 57 in Harbin Shipbuilding Engineering Institute, which successfully operated their first open sea trials with a plenum chamber cushion hovercraft on the coast of Port Lu Shun in July 19 59 The principal particulars for both the Chinese and British prototype hovercraft may be seen in Table 1. 1 Table 1. 1 Principal particulars for the... sidewall hovercraft which offered the possibility to save lift power and be more attractive to the traditional ferry operators The first of this kind of craft, HM-2, was launched in 19 68 (Figs 1. 14 to 1. 17) This was developed with a modified skirt system to become HM-2 MK2, and lengthened from 16 m to 18 m to become HM-2 MK3 over a relatively short period, and later to 21m, to become the HM-2 21 (Fig 1. 18) ACV... on Vickers built the VA 1 to 3 series, Denny Brothers built two sidewall craft, Britten-Norman built the 12 Introduction to hovercraft Fig 1. 11 The world's largest commercial amphibious hovercraft, the SR.N4 Fig 1. 12 British ACV SR.N3 on underwater explosion tests CC1, 2, and 5 and H.D.L designed and built its own HD -1 The basic craft performance problems encountered during the early 60s encouraged continued... fleets of Hoverlloyd (4 craft) and Seaspeed (2 craft) operated in the English channel (Fig 1. 11) to transport almost two million passengers ACV and SES development in the UK 1 Fig 1. 16 HM-2 stern seal Fig 1. 17 HM-2 bow seal and four hundred thousand cars per year In the 19 70s and 80s on average about one third of passengers and cars on these routes were transported by hovercraft, with transport efficiency . Motions in waves 8 .1 Introduction 10 4 11 1 11 5 11 5 11 7 12 1 12 4 13 0 13 6 13 6 13 7 15 2 16 3 16 8 17 3 18 5 18 7 18 7 19 0 19 7 200 205 205 207 217 224 227 232 232 235 250 258 260 2 61 267 270 2 71 273 273 Contents . h1" alt="" Theory and Design of Air Cushion Craft This page intentionally left blank Theory and Design of Air Cushion Craft Liang Yun Deputy Chief Naval Architect of the Marine Design . groups 11 .5 Parameter checks for ACV/SES during design 11 .6 Determination of hovercraft principal dimensions 12 . Lift system design 12 .1 Introduction 12 .2 Determination of air flow