DOE-HDBK-1017/1-93 MATERIAL SCIENCE OVERVIEW (Cont.) Volume 2 of 2 Module 3 - Thermal Shock Contains material relating to thermal stress and thermal shock effects on a system. Explains how thermal stress and shock combined with pressure can cause major damage to components. Module 4 - Brittle Fracture Contains material on ductile and brittle fracture. These two fractures are the most common in nuclear facilities. Explains how ductile and brittle fracture are effected by the minimum pressurization and temperature curves. Explains the reason why heatup and cooldown rate limits are used when heating up or cooling down the reactor system. Module 5 - Plant Materials Contains information on the commonly used materials and the characteristics desired when selecting material for use. The information contained in this handbook is by no means all encompassing. An attempt to present the entire subject of material science would be impractical. However, the Material Science handbook does present enough information to provide the reader with a fundamental knowledge level sufficient to understand the advanced theoretical concepts presented in other subject areas, and to better understand basic system operation and equipment operations. Rev. 0 MS MATERIAL SCIENCE Module 1 Structure of Metals Structure of Metals DOE-HDBK-1017/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ii LIST OF TABLES iii REFERENCES iv OBJECTIVES v BONDING 1 Atomic Bonding 1 Order in Microstructures 4 Summary 5 COMMON LATTICE TYPES 6 Common Crystal Structures 6 Summary 8 GRAIN STRUCTURE AND BOUNDARY 9 Grain Structure and Boundary 9 Summary 11 POLYMORPHISM 12 Polymorphism Phases 12 Summary 14 ALLOYS 15 Alloys 15 Common Characteristics of Alloys 15 Type 304 Stainless Steel 16 Composition of Common Engineering Materials 16 Summary 17 IMPERFECTIONS IN METALS 18 Microscopic Imperfections 18 Macroscopic Defects 21 Summary 22 Rev. 0 Page i MS-01 . operations. Rev. 0 MS MATERIAL SCIENCE Module 1 Structure of Metals Structure of Metals DOE- HDBK -1 0 17 / 1- 93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ii LIST OF TABLES iii REFERENCES. DOE- HDBK -1 0 17 / 1- 93 MATERIAL SCIENCE OVERVIEW (Cont.) Volume 2 of 2 Module 3 - Thermal Shock Contains material relating to thermal stress and thermal. 11 POLYMORPHISM 12 Polymorphism Phases 12 Summary 14 ALLOYS 15 Alloys 15 Common Characteristics of Alloys 15 Type 304 Stainless Steel 16 Composition of Common Engineering Materials 16 Summary 17 IMPERFECTIONS