[...]... normal saline NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs OI: oxygenation index O&P: ova and parasites OS: intraosseous xxviii COMMON ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome OTC: over-the-counter PA: posteroanterior PACO2: peripheral alveolar carbon dioxide content PaCO2: peripheral arterial carbon dioxide content PaO2: peripheral arterial oxygen content PALS: pediatric advanced... circulation ABG: arterial blood gas ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme ACLS: advanced cardiac life support ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone ADH: antidiuretic hormone ADP: adenosine diphosphate AG: anion gap AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ALT: alanine aminotransferase ALTE: apparent life-threatening event AM: morning AME: apparent mineralocorticoid... Tricia Gomella, MD, in her book, Neonatology: Basic Management, On Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs The books in this series reflect how clinicians typically approach and manage patients; that is, patients usually present with a specific complaint or problem, which necessitates an evaluation and action rather than a specific diagnosis Pediatrics On Call is designed to aid the practitioner and serve as a. .. excess ANA: antinuclear antibody ANC: absolute neutrophil count AP: anteroposterior APIGN: acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis APRV: airway pressure release ventilation APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome ARF: acute rheumatic fever; acute renal failure AST: aspartate aminotransferase ATN: acute tubular necrosis ATP: adenosine triphosphate AV: atrioventricular...This page intentionally left blank Associate Editors Clara A Callahan, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics Vice Dean for Academic Affairs Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania J Carlton Gartner, Jr., MD Professor of Pediatrics Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Pediatrician-in-Chief Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children... XLH: X-linked hypophosphatemic (rickets) y: year This page intentionally left blank I On Call Problems 1 ABDOMINAL DISTENTION I Problem An 8-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician because of abdominal distention II Immediate Questions A What are the vital signs? Because infants are diaphragmatic breathers, distention may impair respiratory function and cause tachypnea Massive distention can compromise... pneumoperitoneum Abdominal x-rays will demonstrate intestinal obstruction, fecal retention, and adynamic ileus A mass is suggested by a paucity of intestinal loops in a particular area; ascites is seen as generalized haziness 2 GI contrast x-rays May be indicated if there is evidence of obstruction 3 Ultrasonography Can characterize abdominal masses and is very sensitive in detecting fluid; can also differentiate... Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ejaz Yousef, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Allergy and Immunology Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Preface I am grateful to be able to bring you the first edition of Pediatrics On Call The on- call series of which this book is a part is based on a concept applied... supraventricular tachycardia T1/2: half-life T3: triiodothyronine T4: thyroxine tab: tablet TAR: thrombocytopenia—absent radius tbsp: tablespoon TIBC: total iron-binding capacity TMP-SMX: trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole COMMON ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS TORCH: toxoplasmosis, other (congenital syphilis and viruses), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus TPN: total parenteral nutrition TRALI: transfusion-related... Associates Lexington Park, Maryland Allan R De Jong, MD Director, Children at Risk Evaluation (CARE) Program Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Ellen S Deutsch, MD, FACS, FAAP Associate Professor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Joan S Dipalma, MD Attending Physician Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Alfred I duPont . Editors Clara A. Callahan, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics Vice Dean for Academic Affairs Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania J. Carlton Gartner,.