q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC To the great pioneers in Marine and Offshore Construction who were undeterred by violent storms and massive ice. q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Preface This third editon has been intensively augmented and revised to include the latest developments in this rapidly expanding field. The intensified search for oil and gas, the catastrophic flooding of coastal regions and the demands for transportation, bridges, sub- merged tunnels and waterways have led to the continuing innovation of new technology which is nowavailable for use on more conventional projects as well as those at the frontiers. This text is intended as a guide and reference for practicing engineers and constructors for use in the marine environment. It is also intended as a text for graduate engineering students interested in this highly challenging endeavour. q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge the help of many members of our company, Ben C. Gerwick, Inc. making available information on the current construction of marine and offshore projects, also the willing responses to my queries from other sources in the industry. I would like to thank my administrative assistant, Michelle Yu, for her word-processing of the manuscript. q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC [...]... author of Construction of Prestressed Concrete, first, second, and third editions, and the first and second editions of Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures He was born in Berkeley, California, in 1919 He received his B.S in civil engineering from the University of California at Berkeley in 1940 He joined the U.S Navy the same year and served until 1946 He was assigned as commanding of cer of the... in marine and offshore construction, or taught about it, for most of the time since his discharge from the navy He worked in Marine Construction from 1946 to 1967 and from 1967 to 1971 in Offshore Construction, ending as President of Ben C Gerwick, Inc., and Manager of Offshore Construction for Santa Fe International From 1971 to 1989, he served as Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of. .. Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures Marine organisms play a major role in the soil formation on the seafloor and in disturbing and reworking the surficial soils Walruses apparently plow up large areas of sub-Arctic seafloors in search of mollusks, leading to turbidity and erosion Algae and slime can form very rapidly on the surfaces of stones and riprap, preventing the subsequent bond with grout and. .. 0.5 Offshore Construction Relationships and Sequences 0.6 Typical Marine Structures and Contracts 0.7 Interaction of Design and Construction 1 3 4 4 5 8 9 Chapter 1 Physical Environmental Aspects of Marine and Offshore Construction General Distances and Depths Hydrostatic Pressure and Buoyancy Temperature Seawater and Sea–Air... Environmental Aspects of Marine and Offshore Construction 1.1 General The oceans present a unique set of environmental conditions that dominate the methods, equipment, support, and procedures to be employed in construction offshore Of course, this same unique environment also dominates the design of offshore structures Many books have addressed the extreme environmental events and adverse exposures... and Capacity of Piles Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Piles Handling and Positioning of Piles for Offshore Terminals Drilled and Grouted Piles Cast-in-Drilled-Hole Piles, Drilled Shafts Other Installation Experience Installation in Difficult Soils Other Methods of Improving the Capacity of Driven Piles Slurry Walls, Secant Walls, and. .. a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Construction, and an honorary member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, which awarded him their Outstanding Engineering Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002 He has been named a fellow of the International Association of Structural and Bridge Engineers and has served as president of the International Federation of Prestressing... conditions 15 q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 16 Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures Offshore regions extend from the coast to the deep ocean Construction operations have been already carried out in 1500-m water depth, exploratory oil drilling operations in 6000 m, and offshore mining tests in similar water depths The average depth of the ocean is 4000 m, the maximum over 10,000 m, a depth... of Pile-Supported Steel Platforms 20.4 Removal of Concrete Gravity: Base Offshore Platforms 20.5 New Developments in Salvage Techniques 20.6 Removal of Harbor Structures 20.7 Removal of Coastal Structures 672 673 676 679 679 680 Chapter 21 Constructibility 21.1 General 21.2 Construction Stages for Offshore Structures 21.3 Principles of. .. such currents as the Gulf Stream, with a relatively well-defined “channel” and direction and velocity of flow Other major q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Physical Environmental Aspects of Marine and Offshore Construction 21 Waves Coastal current Density interface (thermocline) Wave - and wind-induced current Density current FIGURE 1.1 Wave-current flow field (Adapted from N Ismail, J Waterway, Port . Construction of Prestressed Concrete, first, second, and third editions, and the first and second editions of Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures. He was born in Berkeley, California, in. 4 0.5 Offshore Construction Relationships and Sequences 5 0.6 Typical Marine Structures and Contracts 8 0.7 Interaction of Design and Construction 9 Chapter 1 Physical Environmental Aspects of Marine. Stiffness and Capacity of Piles 293 8.11 Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Piles 294 8.12 Handling and Positioning of Piles for Offshore Terminals 296 8.13 Drilled and Grouted Piles 297 8.14 Cast-in-Drilled-Hole