Index 61 5 rotational molding (RM) continued shuttle machines 435 temperature 431 three-step 430 venting molds 429-30 Rotational Molding Development Center (RMDS) 438 rotomolding 428 rubber, natural 110-13 rubber pad forming 328 safety aspects 191 safety data sheets 403 sandwich structures 365 Save American Manufacturing (SAM) 575 Scorim Process (SP) 222 scrapless forming 330-1 screw 157, 228-30 barrier 163 channel 158 design 158,160-3 feed zone 156 maximum extrusion rate 262 metering 162 metering zone 158 multi-stage 162 output zone 158 rebuilding vs. buying 167 repair 168 self-wiping 275 tip 163-4 transition zone 158 two-stage 162 screw/barrel bridging 161-2 screw-barrel plasticator 158 screwless molding 223 SCRIMP process 489 sensor 171-5 complexity 172 performance guide 171 selection 171 sensitivity 172 types 171 see also specific types Sesame technology 218-19 Setup Xpert 180 shaping see melt transport and shaping shear rate-shear stress curves 534 sheet casting 401-2 thermoforming 310 thicknesses 243-4 sheet molding compound (SMC) 472, 479 sheet production 243-4, 249-52 coextruded (two-layer) sheet line 251 laminated products 252 polystyrene foam 252 sheet line processing plastic 250 three-roll sheet cooling stack 251-2 shot size 166 Shotscope process monitoring and analysis system 181-2 shrink wrap forming 330 shrinkage 154 without and with glass fiber 43 silicone 113-14 silicone elastomer 113-14 room temperature vulcanized (RTV) 113 single-screw extruder 227, 230,237, 275,352 single-screw extrusion 235-6 slitting 566-7 slush casting 397 slush molding 397 plastisols 501-2 smarter plastics 571-2 snap-back 323 soak time 165 Society of Plastics Engineers/Society of Plastics Industries standards 494 Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI) 526, 528 solid-phase pressure forming 331 solid-state forming 328 soluble core molding 215-16,489-90 soluble core technology (SCT) 489-90 solution polymerization 10 solvent casting 397 film 404-5 616 Index solvent recovery system 398,404, 500 solvent technology 391 specific heat 27 spin casting 398 spinneret 543 Spirex Technical Center 147 spray coating 387-8 spray molding, plastisols 502 spray polyurethane foaming processes 366 spray-up 490 spraying, foamed plastics 355 spread coating 389 spreader/expander roll 563 squeeze molding 489 stamping 490 statistical process control (SPC) 182, 187 statistics 149 stereospecific polymerization 571 storage 555 strain-stress-time in stress relaxation 13 strength and temperature 16 stress relaxation 151-2 strain-stress-time in 13 stress-strain-time in creep 13 stretch blow molding (SBM) examples 283 process 297-304 stretch EBM or IBM 285-6 stretched injection blow molding gripping and stretching the preform 299 using rod 299 stretching 269,271 fiber 274 structural foam molding 139 structural RIM (SRIM) 422 styrene-butadiene (SB) 67 styrene-butadiene elastomer (SBR) 114 styrene-butadiene styrene block copolymers 64-5 suction extrusion blow molding process 303 suspension polymerization 10 tandem extruder foam sheet line 353 tandem machine molding 216 tapes 266 temperature, and strength 16 temperature controller 175-6 temperature index 28-9 temperature sensor 173-5 temperature settings 161 temperature-time guides 25 tensile strength 35 tension control roll 558,562 TER-centrifuging 397 termisters 174 tetrahydofuran (THF) 404 The Road Information Program (TRIP) 574 Theime Corp. 408 thermal behavior 17 thermal conductivity 26-7 thermal diffusivity 27 thermal energy 174 thermal interface and processing 13-15 thermal operating environments 17 thermal properties 16 thermocouple 174 thermodynamic equilibrium 149 thermodynamic phase transformation 149 thermodynamics 148-9 thermoforming 308-32 annealing 312 compressed air supply 311 cooling 310 double-ended 314 drum 313 equipment 320 films 310, 315 heaters 314 heating capabilities 312 heavy-gauge 309-10 high-pressure 321 identification 309 intermediate storage phase 312 linear draw ratio 310 machines 315 materials used 315 Index 61 7 thermoforming continued methods 308-9 molds 317-20 overview 308-16 pressure forming 311 processing 308,320-32 products 308 roll-fed line 316 rotating clockwise 3-stage machine 316 rotating clockwise 5-stage machine 316 second surface 308, 318 sheet stretching 311 sheets 310 single-stage 312 six-station rotary 314 technology improvements 314 temperature 311 thick-gauge 309 thin-gauge 309 twin-sheet products 311 two-stage 312 see also specific processes thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) 115 thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPOs) 115-18 thermoplastics (TPs) 3, 45-100, 152, 154 amorphous 4-7 crystalline 4-7 extrusion 229 general properties 18-19 major families 4 temperature melting/solidifying profiles 192-3 thermal properties 14 thermosets (TSs) 3,100-15 cure 425-6 cure A-B-C stages 8 general properties 20-1 polymerization 8 processing 7-8 property guide 102-3 temperature melting/solidifying profiles 192-3 thin-wall molding 215 thixotropic molding 225-6 thixotropic rheology 270 timing devices 170 TMconcept analysis 188 TMconcept system 150 toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 99, 342, 418-19,424 p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbadize (TSSC) 341 tool steels 516-17 tool wear 519 tooling 131,168 see also mold and die tooling transfer molding process 453 transfer paper coating 389 transparent plastics 129 triclde impregnation 398,509 trihydrazine triazine (THT) 340 tube 397 tube production 252-4 dimensions/sizes control 253 downstream line equipment 253 twin-screw extruders 230-1,237, 352 twin-screw injection molding extrusion 510 twin sheet forming 329 two-shot molding 213-14 ultra high density molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 46, 48, 52 ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE) 48, 50-1 ultrasonic machining (USM) 568 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) tests 28 University of Illinois 574 University of Massachusetts Lowell 573 upsizing machine 167 urea-formaldehyde (UF) 101,114-15 vacuum-air pressure forming 322 vacuum assisted liquid injection molding process 509 vacuum bag molding 480-1 618 Index vacuum forming 321 venting, drying via 163 very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) 46 vinyl acetate-acrylic ester (vinyl acrylic) 61 vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) 61 vinyl acetate-maleate 61 vinyl acetate-versatic acid 61 vinyl chloride 9 vinyl closed cell foams 347 vinyl copolymers, applications 503 vinyl family 56-63 vinyl foams 343,346 vinyl resins in coatings 503 vinyl versatate 61 virgin plastics 4 viscoelastic plastics 12 viscoelasticity 12-13, 151 viscosity Newtonian and non-Newtonian 11-12 relationship to time at constant temperature 146 viscous melt flow 468 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 385 vulcanization 115,262-3 warehousing 555 water-assist molding 211-12 water injection technology (WIT) 211 weatherability 127 welding processes 564 welding techniques 552 wet lay-up 481-2 whiskers 462 winders 560 winding 566-7 winding strain roll 563 wire 261-3 wire coating extrusion line 261 zipper 327 . plastisols 501-2 smarter plastics 571-2 snap-back 323 soak time 165 Society of Plastics Engineers/Society of Plastics Industries standards 494 Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI). thin-gauge 309 twin-sheet products 311 two-stage 312 see also specific processes thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) 115 thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPOs) 115-18 thermoplastics (TPs) 3, 45-100,. polyurethane foaming processes 366 spray-up 490 spraying, foamed plastics 355 spread coating 389 spreader/expander roll 563 squeeze molding 489 stamping 490 statistical process control (SPC)