, 9 l-· H~-ett ' Ht!~ wtme ffl-sptte-ttf-+- \¥itS - ft- Het:llrttl 10 We hrlvcn+ & ' h;)il e-t ~ fit~I~lHhe ~ work - in-tinle. 213 Introduction to participles ~ Finder 121 In this paragraph from an e-mail the participles are in bold type. Answer the questions about them Unfortunately I can only type one-handed becau!>c I've broken my arm. I did it yesterduy play'nK football. It took ages to gel it seen to of course. Having been laken to hospllalm a taxi, I flll.:t!d a very long wall. There seemed to be quite a few people being trealed for spnrls injuries. 1i8vlnA: sat there patiently for what l>ccmed like houTs, I finally gOI some uneotian. I'll have 10 keep off the romhall field fur a few weeks, ~ playing Active or passive? a c. { ; ve I having sat Perfeci or continuous? 2 having b(!cn t;;lken Active or passive? . . . . . . . 3 being IrcalCd Perfect or continunus? . . . . . . . 4 secn 1',lst or passive? . . . . . . . 5 broken Past or passive? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Participle clauses II- Finder 122 Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence. ~ l ntllieed a IOff)' d6wn ·· the-hll1 eO''Hillg . . . ; ~ ; ;~0 . ~ ! 0 ' T !J . C.p . ",! i ~ 4~~ . t~w. h!(f H8 Y tng -beetHoi:lFlcelied the-sho'n', "'''e all weill hOtfte. 2 We-eftn heat'-mtHlCighhoor t~ane - phtytttg . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 hfen hftYHtg, ; .';","';""ed<l-o • +llh", . ,nll",. ,- , *K88ren-t'ft'tg-1~le ·hell 2 1. ~ . lilti onuctum \{l pa rl i r.:l plt'l; 109 215 Participle + noun Ii>' Finder 123A - B Complete this news report. Put in the correct participle form of each verb in brackets. A I;t r gc part ()f Ihe north of England was hit by a (", ) . r<l.1;;~. (rage) s torm which s wepl across the country yesterday, leaving a trail of ( ) . . 0~~~~r~ ( damage ) building s behind it. Large numbers of (I) . . . (i njure) people were treated in hospiHlls or by paramedics One man , a (2 ) . (retir e) pO s tman who lived in L eeds, dipd urler he wa!> s truck Oil the head by a (3) . . . (fall ) roof tile. The ( 4) . . . . . . , (.llarrll) force of the (5) . . (howl) winds forced millly people 10 take shelter. Th er e was chaos on the roads liS many were blocked by {6} . . (fail) trees. The (7) . . (nul expect) slorm flOW thwatens (0 bring floods [0 the (lrea , as the ~(i11 ( 8) . . . (rise) Willers of Ihe Hivcr Ouse have almost reached danger level. 216 Compound participle + noun ~ Finder 123C-D Rewrite the phrases using a compound wIth an active or passive participle . a task which c:onsuml., 'S it 101 of lime I a scheme which saves moncy 2 a movie pa cked with action :1 a table with it glass top 4 criticism [hat hits hard 5 a hUlldmg that looks strange 6 a result r/rul breaks your heart 7 a girl wi th faIr hair and blue eyes 217 Verb + participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finder 124A For each picture, write a sentence from the table. ~mftn went mjured af the gale . The family can racing from the building. People sffi screamIng down the slope. The player stood st-ar-iflg on the grass. The girls lay waving HtttM;1'flff . - -~ 110 21 5 • P;Ht l('ip lc + no un 2 3 4 18 I saw you do/doing it o 4 Finder 12SA- C A detective is giv i ng evidence in court . Comb i ne his tw o sentences int o one . I watched the 11101 11 . He bumped illlo a woman a nd sn atched h er ha ndba g. · . ~ wa tt:· ~ ~ - 0 .t . /~ . ".,",,!-,"} ~t ,:,¥, y~~~ <? .w. 0 ,"'""fl . <1 . ' .l r:v~ YyO; 't ' h./ ?C '". ~~ ~t:o.3 ' . We saw a group of men outside the pub . They were figh ting. · . I.~. ~ . "-! 9 .3f0J P .o / ~) :fiil ~l\;':1 Oa~ s .;c1~ .t ! ~ .P!A .b: We s aw a ma n. He threw a brick at the shop windo w. · . . . . . . . . . . " 2 I he ard ~ om co n c. They broke down the door. . . . . . . . . . . 3 I saw a youllg mom. He was being att (lc ked by scvcml others. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 I ohse rv ed a blue car. It wa s driving vcry fast towards the rnolorwa y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 \\le h c ~ m l so methmg . People were shou ti ng ilnd screamIng. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I noticed a w oman . She put t wo tins in her ba g and le ft the s t ~ )1"e Wllhout pa ying , ' , l iB - f ww you dokioillg it 111 219 Verb + object + participle Put one mi ss Ing word in each sentence. II> J left your sisl er. ~I tt f~ In fin armchair in frulll of Ihe tel ev lsloll I wanted my hair . s hon . 1 had dccklcd. 2 loIs of people h ea rd the bomb . 3 J'm sorry if I . . . . . you waiting . 4 We ' ve . a lot of money trying to muke this pla ce nic e. 5 We could hf'ar a hurgJar alarm in the next street. 6 Two men were c uu g lH . . . . . . 10 break inlO the bank. 7 O ur leacher prefers Ihe homewo rk . he saved to disk 8 I found the va~e , \0 plc ces In a corner of the room . . kno cked down . Finder 125 9 We wa tched the old f ac tory 10 rhe spor ts leacher . . . . us ill! dUlng exc rt:J Scs in the gym yes terday. 220 Go swimming, do the washing, etc Fi nd er 124B Re wr ite the parts in bold type. Use do or go and an jng- form . Hannah. I might su nbathe for a bil on the terra ce . . d£? ~ . ~I ~ ':' 7 ~ t .h, i ~. , Mark: Good Idea? Co min g. Amy? Amy: I need 10 iron some clo l hes . , , . , , . . . . . . . , . MlIrk: Amy, you 're on holiday. Amy: Oh, all right. And I'd like ro swim In the sea 2 larer. Mark ' OK, we'll go alii . I'll drive I'll take yOll in my 3 new car. Hannah: While we're out , we'd be tter gel so m et h ing at the shop We ha ven't got mll( ;h food 4 Mark: We ll , we c an cat oul. We don 't warH 10 cook much, do we? 5 Amy: No, I agree. And tomorro w I'd like to sail somewhere In a boat . 6 221 Con junc ti on + part iciple ~ Fi n der 126 look at this. information about a piece of computer s.oftware. Rewnte each participle clause as a fimte clause. . ~ Al though designed f or all co m put en" th e sofrwar e may not run on ol der muchine s . . . ~ ~~3h . r~ ho. ~ ~~.t"I.dc:;.~~~c.!- ff? r: ?!' .~"!-': . r: :- ' the software may nOI run on older machines. 11 2 2 19 . V(, fb -t- obJ cc t p. IrII l. lpli ' • • When usinl( [his soflware, please he aware uf the sy :, (em requirement:,. . . . . . . . . . ,pl ease be aware of the syMem rcquircrncl1 t :-,. 2 Once upened, this product cannot be returned . . . . . . . . .' II cannot be returned. 3 If founu to be fauhy, the product will he repluced. . ' it Will be replaced. 222 Participle clauses of time • Finder 127 Put in the correct form of the verbs in brackets. ~ ~~~,,~ frl ! e: 0 (hlJ) up with I)etwl, we continued nut journey. I I broke a tooth . . ' , (bite) on a nut . 2 Michael drove hume from work, . . . . . . . (achieve) nOlhinl( all day. 3 I Just had 10 slant! there. . . . . . (stare) at hy all those people. 4 After . . . . (look) round the museum. we went back to our hotel 5 Every single sandwich . (eat ). there was no food left. 6 The drugs entered the country . . . (hide) in a contamer 7 (search) Ihe building. the pulice went away agam 8 (catch) Sight of Adam ilcross the strcct, she waved at IUI11. 223 Participle clauses of reason Finder 128 Match the two parts and then rewrite the sentence using a participle . As I had been cheated out of all my money, I Because he dldn't know hi s way around, 2 Smce I had forgotten my watch, 3 As she IS recognized wherever s he goes, " Because the weather is so ItVoifu l, Simon had to ask for directions. motorists have to make a long detour. I eottldn!t-e-ren· plty ~ tlle-rent we've iu:,t had 10 stay indoors. the pop Mar aJways has a bodyguard. I had no idea of the lime. 5 As the road has been closed by rhe police. ~ ____ . L- ______ __ ____ ____ ~ " . . ~,!-~j~ ~~':l . c.hf P.~~0 . 0\t . q.f. '?oIl ':'"!/ . ~ 3 J ~ . c. pu. ~ d.!' 't ~ v ~ f>PtJ. t~. r:0.t. I 2 3 4 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . • • • f • • • • , • • • • • • • • 222 . I'HlII C: II)l c cla ll s e:. ur Ill11e 113 224 The use of participle clauses Finder 127- 129 Look at each participle clause Does it express time. reason, result or a condition? Or is it a (omment on the sentence? 11 ' IVillg lift ed the n. 't.:civer to her cnr, A ng ela replaced it thoughtfully. I Gcncr lI y speaking, people trA ve l mure in s ummer than in winter . 2 The co mputer c ra shed, dl 'Slroying a whole afternoon's work. 3 Pulling up sharply. Tom leapt."<l oul ot the ca r. 4 We were very hungry, not having eaten all day. S Done regularly, th ese cxcn.:iscs wtll improve your Iilness and health. 225 Other participle clauses Rewrite the parts in bold type using a participle . Our neighhour fell off a l adde r and broke his arm . OUf neighbour fell off a laud er, l?': ~~~ i 01 fy l-? ~ r~: In view of the effort we put in, the rewards aren't very great. t i, e Finder 129 . . . . . . . J the rcwards ar en't very grcCII 2 The pl;u, :c was il m(.~ s. Piles of papers werc lying everywhere. The place was a mess. . . . . . . . . . . 3 If all is well. we shall mcet agam next yea r. . . . . ' we sha ll meet again nexi year. <1 If you Judge by To~'s attitude, he Is n't going to go along with our plans. . . . . . . . , hc isn't going to go along with our plans 5 I knocked the milk over and spilled ir all over the Hoar. I knockcd the milk over, . . . . . . . 6 While we're on the subject of holidays. when are you laking yours? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' when are you taking yours? 226 Participles Finder 121 - 129 Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meanmg to the previous one. Use the word in brackets In a participle construction . If you use it properly, this gadget is qUite effecf;ve. (us ( d ) ~~ 0 V. O ~r: I !J1 tlJ ; -:> !Jc;:to;1.9 ~ t.! .5. 0/:- '0 e .f f e ~,!- I v!!-:. She lay in bed and worried all night. (worrymg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 We 've been invited to the welhJing, so wc've deCided to go (having) 3 If the weather IS all right. we might go out. (permitting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 I didn 't have much money, S Cl I c oul~n't~buy a ti cket. (having) 5 It would be nice to have a ride somewhere. (ndlllg) 114 224 • Th e u: c of p arm . lp ic C; i flIl S CS 6 The team tha t wins will be awarded the troph y. (winning) . . . . . . . . . . . 7 I wailed ho ur s, and th en I was told to co me hack Ihe next da y. (having) 8 In vicw of whal's happened , I think you've been proved righl. (cnnslden llg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Nevcr u se a mobile ph one and dnve a car at the suml.! tIIne. (while) 10 The s tereo wa!> bla~ting out rock mu sk, so cOl1vcr!>ation was impossible (with) 227 Introducti on to nouns Finder 130A Read the story and then write each noun In the correct place A motonst kept parkmg ill egally because of his love for a tmffic wa r den. An engineer called Brian fe ll for Su sa n after s he gave him a ticket for lellving hi s C' IT on a main mad . The exper ience imp ressed him so mu ch Ihal he couldn'l sto p t ry mg 10 attracl her attent iun The Iwo arc now good fn end s, btu they will not say if th cir fr icndship IS likely to lead 10 murriugc . 1 C.o ncrele noun s: 2 Roh, .'s . 3 Ab stract noun s' 4 Names: . t:~!fr: ! . ."':"?t:':!5h . , . ./~~ ' . . , . , . . 228 The plural of nouns Complete each sentence Put in the Singular or plural form of a noun . The hook is over 500 . P,a;.~~;-'I . . long. Find er 131 I /\ m,m went into the ncwsagent's , and then ca me out again five . later. 2 Til e waiter pomed lWO . . of winc. 3 WI;! played football, and I scored a . 4 Th e school was closed, .HlI.! all the. . . were sent home 5 I can' t drive anywhere because my . . . ha s b ee n stolen. 6 I'm always bu sy during the week, bUl I usua ll y have so me s pare lime <It . 7 You cn n'l buy anything here because the re are no in the village. S There was on ly one . . . . . . . . stili free, so I we ill a nd sat th ere. 9 N ow you've heard what I' ve had to say, are there any you'd li ke to ask.? 10 The wi nne r gOl a go ld medal, and th e (wo gO I s il ver ones . 2 :! 7 . In lrodu c tlon (0 nOllns 11 5 229 The possessive form Rewrite the phrases using a possessive form . the bag lhal belong~ 10 Sar ah 1 the name of the man Finder 132 . . . . . . . . . . 2 the flat whe re my friemls li ve 3 a COlt Ihal belongs 10 someone . . . . . . . 4 the {Calli that lhe women have formed 5 prnhlcms Ihul stude n ts have 6 the son of my father's fri end 230 Possessive form or of? . . . . . . . Finder 133 Complete each sentence with the words In brackets Use the possessive form or of . The car damaged . W~ ~,:,':,> ,bIke ,' . . (the bike/the woman) Ii>' We live al ~he ~ .'?f t~ .:: t:~e t; (th~ end/the street) I Can yuu tell me . . . . . . . . 1 {lhe (ostia visa) 2 I can', Ond . . . . . . . . " and he need.;; feeding. (lhc food/the dog) 3 In the middle of the lawn l ay. . . . . . . .' (t he football/the boys) 4 The pollce took . /. . . . . . . . . . . . . .' (the namt!s/everyone allendmg the meetin g) 5 . . . . . . . . . was broken when he fel! (the armlfloburt) 6 Those ilre . . . . . . . . (the lunch boxes/the workmen} 7 You get a good view from . . . . • . •. • . . . . . . . . (the top/ lhe tower) 8 Is this. . . • .• •. . . .? (lhe correct spe llmg/ the word) 231 Some other uses of the possessive Finder 134 These sentences are correct, but you could make them a little shorter . Rewrite them using the possessive form . The shop sells clothes for childlCn . . . T~ #P. ~f/~.c h."~ l""'~':<5.c: le ~ ~:. The behaviour of yo ur friends wa!'. disgr.lceful 2 We are very grateful for Ihe generosity of our :sponsOl 3 The selection of Ihe player for the natiun,,! team was inevitable. 4 There's a changmg room for women ulong.lhe corridor. 116 229 . Th e pos.')cssivc f"frn 5 The r ~igna li o n of the mun ster surp n l>("'ti everyone. 6 I pr!'fer Illilk fro lll II cow 10 IInlk f ro m a goal 7 The popularity uf the S lar will guarall1 ee th e success of thc fil m. 232 Today's weather, at Sophie's, etc Finder 135-136 Rewrite the phrases in bold using a possessive form. Were you at Ihe annual dinner last yeur? • . l!l.::i ~ *I? .r ' . ~ P .' ~"V , l<;' f A , ~ e. r: We're all going to m ce l where Mauhew lives. We're nlilookmg furward to the game on Saturday 2 I ulwuys enjoy u day spent fi!lhlng 3 Do you know the code word for Ihls month? 4 The mtlcic was In ' nme Magazine lost week 5 Over there is where the Wilsons live. n To pUI Ihing l> nght will be the work of a whole week. 7 Theft! was a silence of a rew seconds. 233 Countable and uncountable nouns Q t. HQ t.t he.w, ' .? . Finder 137 Put one of these words Into each sentence , car, t:haN, food. health, Idea, photo. problem, town, violence. Choose the corr ect form , e .g. chair, a chair, or chalTS . to- If cveryone wanls fo sit down, we'll need ahOlll flCty c:- ~a.i'-,~ If yo u're going to the s upermarket, take plenly uf money expensive here 2 There's no bus l>CTVlCe I ( an 't get to work without . . . 3 NO lh;ng ever run , , moolhly ;n my job . There arc always 4 I can't stand all this fightlllg. I hate , , , . , , . IS r ca lly 5 I love looking al , . _. They a lw ays bring back memories, don't the y? 6 Gateshead is . , . , , _ , in the north- ellst of England, 7 I'm lucky thai I've nev er been se rious ly ill , . . . , . is Important, isn't II ? 8 I' ve got . , , , . " It came 10 me s udd cnly while I was lying in bed . 212 • T(}tlIlY '.~ W ,, : aI /I CI, (// So p/li e' s, etc 117 234 Countable and uncountable nouns Dec i de which IS correct. 1 dldn ', have a camera, so I couldn 't takc q ' ~.p'hp~t?:. . al any photo b) any photos c) photO We don', use so e le ctricity In summer. a) much b) many c) great an 2 I think th ere's . in the fridge. a) a butter b) so me butter c) some butters 3 The guests ate. . . . . . food. TIlcre wa~ nonc le ft over. n) muny b) every c) all the 4 You ' ve bought n lot of . . u) bnnuna h) egg c) water 5 I'm out of work. I'm looking for . 1\) job b) a job c) so me Job 6 There aren't . . . cars on the roOtd loda y. al every b) many c) mu ch / 235 The of-structure expressing quantity Write phrases with of. a oot.Ue o-f watef ' . t~ ~~,q~. qf fi~' ( " " . 3 I 3 5 4 milk . . . . 2 4 6 2 . . . . . to- Finder 1378 , Finder 138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 23 4. Co ulllnbl( ' and uru:olll1lnulc 110UIl !\ [...]... 128 ( i j 0 'Jjr?'!l:lo i1 ~ 2S:I - Tllc 111 - - ,- - much - -food - for ( C-;n-o-e )- is [00 (Mobile phone) has made A thmg you cut wood with is called (saw) tt-k.ifl&-ef-hoftt (telescope) his tools lite... population BSC The crew of the ship The orchestra The audlcnce The The The The The The The - - - : - , -, ergumg-8boUI~ how-to·cUl-the-c()mpetly's-costs decided [hat the man is innocent takmg it in turns to go on shore the most famous ever to play in thiS concert hall dernel'lthrtg-fftflre-mol'ley Ie meintein-its Ileef: taking their seats in the theatre all amateur players worried about losing... ~!'1tf'!~ ;~~ fi.e-f!:t: T~ ~0C:~~~~~ ~~."r;r-3!, ,-! ~.~~lt hpw.t.o.c :-~ t t'r=: ~0:""'P . , 9 l-· H~-ett ' Ht!~ wtme ffl-sptte-ttf- +- ¥itS - ft- Het:llrttl 10 We hrlvcn+ & ' h;)il e-t ~ fit~I~lHhe ~ work - in-tinle. 213 Introduction to participles. The crew of the ship The orchestra The audlcnce - - - :- - - ., , ergumg-8boUI ~ how - to · cUl-the - c()mpetly's - costs. decided [hat the man is innocent takmg it. subjects Finder 1 45 Match the two parts of the sentence and join them together with /s or are. Afl-81' ltHnttSte Two hours -: -: :'":c - , ' a wonderful