APPLICATIONS OF MATLAB IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Edited by Tadeusz Michałowski Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering Edited by Tadeusz Michałowski Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Davor Vidic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Ali Mazraie Shadi, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com MATLAB ® (Matlab logo and Simulink) is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. First published August, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering, Edited by Tadeusz Michałowski p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-708-6 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Application of GATES and MATLAB for Resolution of Equilibrium, Metastable and Non-Equilibrium Electrolytic Systems 1 Tadeusz Michałowski Chapter 2 From Discrete to Continuous Gene Regulation Models – A Tutorial Using the Odefy Toolbox 35 Jan Krumsiek, Dominik M. Wittmann and Fabian J. Theis Chapter 3 Systematic Interpretation of High-Throughput Biological Data 61 Kurt Fellenberg Chapter 4 Hysteresis Voltage Control of DVR Based on Unipolar PWM 83 Hadi Ezoji, Abdol Reza Sheikhaleslami, Masood Shahverdi, Arash Ghatresamani and Mohamad Hosein Alborzi Chapter 5 Modeling & Simulation of Hysteresis Current Controlled Inverters Using MATLAB 97 Ahmad Albanna Chapter 6 84 Pulse Converter, Design and Simulations with Matlab 123 Antonio Valderrábano González, Juan Manuel Ramirez and Francisco Beltrán Carbajal Chapter 7 Available Transfer Capability Calculation 143 Mojgan Hojabri and Hashim Hizam Chapter 8 Multiuser Systems Implementations in Fading Environments 165 Ioana Marcu, Simona Halunga, Octavian Fratu and Dragos Vizireanu VI Contents Chapter 9 System-Level Simulations Investigating the System-on-Chip Implementation of 60-GHz Transceivers for Wireless Uncompressed HD Video Communications 181 Domenico Pepe and Domenico Zito Chapter 10 Low-Noise, Low-Sensitivity Active-RC Allpole Filters Using MATLAB Optimization 197 Dražen Jurišić Chapter 11 On Design of CIC Decimators 225 Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek and Javier Diaz-Carmona Chapter 12 Fractional Delay Digital Filters 247 Javier Diaz-Carmona and Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek Chapter 13 On Fractional-Order PID Design 273 Mohammad Reza Faieghi and Abbas Nemati Chapter 14 Design Methodology with System Generator in Simulink of a FHSS Transceiver on FPGA 293 Santiago T. Pérez, Carlos M. Travieso, Jesús B. Alonso and José L. Vásquez Chapter 15 Modeling and Control of Mechanical Systems in Simulink of Matlab 317 Leghmizi Said and Boumediene Latifa Chapter 16 Generalized PI Control of Active Vehicle Suspension Systems with MATLAB 335 Esteban Chávez Conde, Francisco Beltrán Carbajal Antonio Valderrábano González and Ramón Chávez Bracamontes Chapter 17 Control Laws Design and Validation of Autonomous Mobile Robot Off-Road Trajectory Tracking Based on ADAMS and MATLAB Co-Simulation Platform 353 Yang. Yi, Fu. Mengyin, Zhu. Hao and Xiong. Guangming Chapter 18 A Virtual Tool for Computer Aided Analysis of Spur Gears with Asymmetric Teeth 371 Fatih Karpat, Stephen Ekwaro-Osire and Esin Karpat Chapter 19 The Use of Matlab in Advanced Design of Bonded and Welded Joints 387 Paolo Ferro Chapter 20 ISPN: Modeling Stochastic with Input Uncertainties Using an Interval-Based Approach 409 Sérgio Galdino and Paulo Maciel Contents VII Chapter 21 Classifiers of Digital Modulation Based on the Algorithm of Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform and Karhunen-Loeve Transform 433 Richterova Marie and Mazalek Antonin Chapter 22 Novel Variance Based Spatial Domain Watermarking and Its Comparison with DIMA and DCT Based Watermarking Counterparts 451 Rajesh Kannan Megalingam, Mithun Muralidharan Nair, Rahul Srikumar, Venkat Krishnan Balasubramanian and Vineeth Sarma Venugopala Sarma Chapter 23 Quantitative Analysis of Iodine Thyroid and Gastrointestinal Tract Biokinetic Models Using MATLAB 469 Chia Chun Hsu, Chien Yi Chen and Lung Kwang Pan Chapter 24 Modelling and Simulation of pH Neutralization Plant Including the Process Instrumentation 485 Claudio Garcia and Rodrigo Juliani Correa De Godoy Preface MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) is a matrix-oriented tool for mathematical programming, applied for numerical computation and simulation purposes. Together with its dynamic simulation toolbox Simulink, as a graphical environment for the simulation of dynamic systems, it has become a very powerful tool suitable for a large number of applications in many areas of research and development. These areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video processing, system modeling and simulation, statistics and probability. Generally, MATLAB is perceived as a high-level language and interactive environment that enables to perform computational tasks faster than with traditional programming languages, such as C, C++, and Fortran. Simulink is integrated with MATLAB as MATLAB/Simulink, i.e., data can be easily transferred between the programs. MATLAB is supported in Unix, Macintosh, and Windows environments. This way, Simulink is an interactive environment for modeling, analyzing, and simulating a wide variety of dynamic systems. The use of MATLAB is actually increasing in a large number of fields, by combining with other toolboxes, e.g., optimization toolbox, identification toolbox, and others. The MathWorks Inc. periodically updates MATLAB and Simulink, providing more and more advanced software. MATLAB handles numerical calculations and high-quality graphics, provides a convenient interface to built-in state-of-the-art subroutine libraries, and incorporates a high-level programming language. Nowadays, the MATLAB/Simulink package is the world’s leading mathematical computing software for engineers and scientists in industry and education. Due to the large number of models and/or toolboxes, there is still some work or coordination to be done to ensure compatibility between the available tools. Inputs and outputs of different models are to-date defined by each modeler, a connection between models from two different toolboxes can thus take some time. This should be normalized in the future in order to allow a fast integration of new models from other toolboxes. The widespread use of these tools, is reflected by ever-increasing number of books based on the MathWorks Inc. products, with theory, real-world examples, and exercises. X Preface This book presents a review of some activities in modeling and simulation processes. Chapter 1 is devoted to the Generalized Approach To Electrolytic Systems (GATES), applicable for resolution of electrolytic systems of any degree of complexity with use of iterative computer programs (e.g., one offered by MATLAB) applied to the set of non-linear equations, where all physicochemical knowledge can be involved. The Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), immanent in formulation of all redox systems, is considered in categories of general laws of the matter preservation. MATLAB programs are also related to biological sciences. Chapter 2 presents the Odefy toolbox and indicates how to use it for modeling and analyzing molecular biological systems. The concepts of steady states, update policies, state spaces, phase planes and systems parameters are also explained. Applicability of Odefy toolbox for studies on real biological systems involved with stem cell differentiation, immune system response and embryonal tissue formation is also indicated. Much of the data obtained in molecular biology is of quantitative nature. Such data are obtained with use of 2D microarrays, e.g., DNA or protein microarrays, containing 104 - 105 spots arranged in the matrix form (arrayed) on a chip, where e.g., many parallel genetic tests are accomplished (note that all variables in MATLAB are arrays). For effective handling of the large datasets, different bioinformatic techniques based on matrix algebra are applied to extract the information needed with the use of MATLAB. A review of such techniques in provided in Chapter 3. A reference of MATLAB to physical sciences is represented in this book by a series of chapters dealing with electrical networks, communication/information transfer and filtering of signals/data. There are Chapters: 4 (on a hysteresis voltage control technique), 5 (on hysteresis current controlled inverters), 6 (on voltage source converter), 7 (on power transmission networks), 8 (on fading in the communication channel during propagation of signals on multiple paths between transmitter and receiver), 9 (on wireless video communication), 10 (on active RC-filters done to diminish random fluctuations in electric circuits caused by thermal noise), 11 (on comb filter, used for decimation, i.e., reduction of a signal sampling rate), 12 (on fractional delay filters, useful in numerous signal processing), and 13 (on tuning methods). MATLAB is an interactive environment designed to perform scientific and engineering calculations and to create computer simulations. Simulink as a tool integrated with MATLAB, allows the design of systems using block diagrams in a fast and flexible way (Chapter 14). In this book, it is applied for: mechanical systems (Chapter 15); hydraulic and electromagnetic actuators (Chapter 16); control of the motion of wheeled mobile robot on the rough terrain (Chapter 17); comparative study on spur gears with symmetric and asymmetric teeth (Chapter 18); thermal and mechanical models for welding purposes (Chapter 19). A toolbox with stochastic Markov model is presented in Chapter 20. [...]... N8·(2+n8)+N9·(2+n9)+N10·n10+N 11( 1+n 11) +N12·(4+n12)+N13·n13+ N14· (1+ n14)+N15·(2+n15)+N16·(2+n16)+N17·(4+n17)+N18·(8+n18)+ N19(4+n19)+N20·(4+n20) =11 ·N 01+ 2·N02+N0W+NW 5 (2) From (1) and (2) we have -N2+N3+N4+2N5+3N6+3N7+4N8+4N9+ N 11+ 8N12+N14+ 2N15+2N16+8N17 +16 N18+7N19+8N20=8N 01+ 2N02 (3) Adding the sides of (3) and: +N2–N3–N6–N8+2N10+N 11+ 3N13+2N14+N15+4N16+N17–N18–N19–2N20=0 6N 01= 6N12+6N17 +12 N18+6N19+6N20 after... as follows: 2·N1+N2· (1+ 2n2)+N3· (1+ 2n3)+N4· (1+ 2n4)+N5·(2+2n5)+N6· (1+ 2n6)+ N7· (1+ 2n7)+N8·2n8+N9·2n9+N10·2n10+N 11 (1+ 2n 11) +N12·2n12+ N13·2n13+N14· (1+ 2n14)+N15·(2+2n15)+N16·(2+2n16)+N17·2n17+N18·2n18+ N19· (1+ 2n19)+N20·2n20 =14 ·N 01+ 2·N02+2·N0W+2·NW (1) Application of GATES and MATLAB for Resolution of Equilibrium, Metastable and Non-Equilibrium Electrolytic Systems N1+N2·n2+N3· (1+ n3)+N4· (1+ n4)+N5·(2+n5)+N6(2+n6)+N7(2+n7)+... HO 2 -1 (N6, n6), HO2 (N7, n7), O 2 -1 (N8, n8), O2 (N9, n9), Fe+2 (N10, n10), FeOH +1 (N 11, n 11) , FeSO4 (N12, n12), Fe+3 (N13, n13), FeOH+2 (N14, n14), Fe(OH)2 +1 (N15, n15), Fe2(OH)2+4 (N16, n16), FeSO4 +1 (N17, n17), Fe(SO4) 2 -1 (N18, n18), HSO 4 -1 (N19, n19), SO 4-2 (N20, n20), where Ni is the number of entities Xi with mean number ni of hydrating water particles attached to it, ni ≥ 0 Balances for H and. .. 10 2A(E–0.49)+2pH–28, [IO3 1] = [I 1] 10 6A(E 1. 08)+6pH, [HIO] = 10 10.6[H +1] [IO 1] , [HIO3] = 10 0.79[H +1] [IO3 1] , [H5IO6] = [I 1] 10 8A(E 1. 26)+7pH, [H4IO6 1] = 10 pH–3.3[H5IO6], [H3IO6–2] = [I 1] 10 8A(E–0.37)+9pH 12 6, [Cu+2] = [Cu +1] 10 A(E–0 .15 3) (28) 18 Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering B A Fig 12 The (A) E vs V and (B) pH vs V relationships during addition of 2.0 mol/L KI into CuSO4 + NH3 +... [BrO 3 -1 ]/[BrO -1 ]  10 4, and then the effectiveness of reaction 3Br2+6OH -1 = BrO 3 -1 +5Br -1 + 3H2O exceeds the effectiveness of reaction Br2 + 2OH -1 = BrO -1 + Br -1 + H2O (19 ) Application of GATES and MATLAB for Resolution of Equilibrium, Metastable and Non-Equilibrium Electrolytic Systems 11 by about 10 4 Note that the stoichiometries of both reactions are the same, 3 : 6 = 1 : 2 Concentration of Br -1 ions,... species 16 Applications of MATLAB in Science and Engineering The speciation curves for iodine species in this system are presented in Fig 11 A,B Among others, on this basis one can state that the growth in pH on the curve a in Fig 11 B within Φ  can be explained by the set of reactions: 2IO 3 -1 +5C6H8O6+2H +1= I2+5C6H6O6+6H2O 2IO 3 -1 +5C6H8O6+2H +1= I2+5C6H6O6+6H2O 2IO 3 -1 +5C6H8O6+2H +1+ I -1 = I 3 -1 +5C6H6O6+6H2O... [H +1] –[OH -1 ] –[BrO 3 -1 ]–[BrO -1 ] –[Br 3 -1 ]–[Br -1 ] =0 (10 ) [HBrO3] + [BrO 3 -1 ] + [HBrO] + [BrO -1 ] + 2[Br2] + 3[Br 3 -1 ] + [Br -1 ] = 2C (11 ) are supplemented by Eq (7), i.e (7), (10 ) and (11 ) form the complete set of balances related to aqueous solution of Br2 (C mol/L) Charge and concentration balances referred to the systems 5.2 .1 and 5.2.2 are specified in (Michałowski and Lesiak, 19 94b, Michałowski et al., 19 96) and. .. HBrO3 (p=r =1, q=3, z=0), BrO 3 -1 (p=0, r =1, q=3, z= 1) , HBrO (p=q=r =1, z=0), BrO -1 (p=0, q=r =1, z= 1) , Br2 (p=q=z=0, r=2), Br 3 -1 (p=q=0, r=3, z= 1) , Br -1 (p=q=0, r =1, z= 1) Applying Eq 6, we get (Michałowski, 19 94) (ZBr–5)([HBrO3]+[BrO 3 -1 ])+(ZBr 1) ([HBrO]+[BrO -1 ] )+2ZBr[Br2]+ (3ZBr +1) [Br 3 -1 ]+(ZBr +1) [Br -1 ] =2ZBr·C (7) where C [mol/L] is the total concentration of Br2 In (7), hydrating water particles are... Fe): (Z 1- 7 )[MnO 4 -1 ] + (Z 1- 6 )[MnO 4-2 ] + (Z 1- 3 )([Mn+3] + [MnOH+2] + 1[ MnSO4 +1] + γ2[Mn(SO4) 2 -1 ]) + (Z 1- 2 )([Mn+2] + [MnOH +1] + [MnSO4]) + (Z 2-2 )([Fe+2] + [FeOH +1] + [FeSO4] + (Z 2-3 )([Fe+3] + [FeOH+2] + [Fe(OH)2 +1] + 2[Fe2(OH)2+4] + [FeSO4 +1] + [Fe(SO4) 2 -1 ]) - ((Z 2-2 )C0V0 + (Z 1- 7 )CV)/(V0+V) = 0 (8) The symbols: 1 and γ2 in (8) are referred to the pre-assumed sulphate complexes (see Fig 18 A); 1 = 1, γ2... = 0 in (22) and (27) Concentrations of different species in (22) – (27) are involved in the relations (A = 1/ S, Eq (12 )): [NH4 +1] = 10 9.35[H +1] [NH3], [CH3COOH] = 10 4.65[H +1] [CH3COO 1] , [CuOH +1] = 10 7[Cu+2][OH 1] , [Cu(OH)2] = 10 13.68[Cu+2][OH 1] 2, [Cu(OH)3 1] = 10 17[Cu+2][OH 1] 3, [Cu(OH)4–2] = 10 18.5[Cu+2][OH 1] 4, [CuSO4] = 10 2.36[Cu+2][SO4–2], [CuIO3 +1] = 10 0.82[Cu+2][IO3 1] , [CuI2 1] = 10 8.85[Cu +1] [I 1] 2, . N 8 ·(2+n 8 )+N 9 ·(2+n 9 )+N 10 ·n 10 +N 11 (1+ n 11 )+N 12 ·(4+n 12 )+N 13 ·n 13 + N 14 · (1+ n 14 )+N 15 ·(2+n 15 )+N 16 ·(2+n 16 )+N 17 ·(4+n 17 )+N 18 ·(8+n 18 )+ N 19 (4+n 19 )+N 20 ·(4+n 20 ) =11 ·N 01 +2·N 02 +N 0W +N W. N 13 ·2n 13 +N 14 · (1+ 2n 14 )+N 15 ·(2+2n 15 )+N 16 ·(2+2n 16 )+N 17 ·2n 17 +N 18 ·2n 18 + N 19 · (1+ 2n 19 )+N 20 ·2n 20 =14 ·N 01 +2·N 02 +2·N 0W +2·N W (1) Application of GATES and MATLAB. n 10 ), FeOH +1 (N 11 , n 11 ), FeSO 4 (N 12 , n 12 ), Fe +3 (N 13 , n 13 ), FeOH +2 (N 14 , n 14 ), Fe(OH) 2 +1 (N 15 , n 15 ), Fe 2 (OH) 2 +4 (N 16 , n 16 ), FeSO 4 +1 (N 17 , n 17 ), Fe(SO 4 ) 2 -1