59 Exercises i Passive forms (A) / am asking the government to allow me into Britain. I am worried about them refusing me entry. I am afraid of your officials sending me away. I don't want you to misunderstand me. I hope someone in Britain will offer me a job. I don't mind them paying me low wages at first. I am willing for my employer to re-train me. I would like Britain to give me a chance. Report what the man says. Use the passive to-infinitive or ing-form. ? He's asking to be allowed into Britain. ? He's worried about being refused entry. 2 Active and passive forms (A) TV reporter Kitty Beamish is interviewing some workers who are protesting about not being paid enough. Complete the workers' statements. Put in an active or passive to-infinitive or ing-form. ► We want to be paid (pay) better wages. 1 We don't enjoy (use) as cheap labour. 2 We're tired of (work) for low wages. 3 We expect (treat) like human beings. 4 Wedon'twant (give) up all our rights. 5 We hope (invite) to a meeting with the management. 6 We insist on (take) seriously. 3 Active and passive forms (A-B) Put in an active or passive to-infinitive or ing-form. Jessica: Are you going to be busy today? Andrew: Well, I've got a few things (►) to do (do). I've got an essay (1)……………………………… (write). And this room ought (2)……………………………… (tidy) up a bit. This carpet needs (3) ……………….(hoover). Jessica: I've got some jobs (4) (do), too. Most of my clothes need (5) (iron). And I've got my project (6) (finish) off. I'm worried about (7) (miss) the deadline. It has (8) (hand) in tomorrow. I don't want (9)……………………………… (be) late with it. Andrew: I don't remember (10)…………………………… (tell) when the project was due in. Jessica: Why? Haven't you done it yet? Andrew: Oh, yes. I handed it in ages ago. The passive (Units 54-59) Test 11A Rewrite these sentences beginning with the underlined words. ► Thieves robbed a woman. A woman was robbed. 1 They may ban the film. 2 They offered Nancy a pay increase. 3 We need to correct the mistakes. 4 Someone reported that the situation was under control. 5 They are testing the new drug. 6 We haven't used the machine for ages. Test 11B Read the story and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. During periods of terrorist activity by the IRA, people in Britain are always (>)being warned to look out for bombs. Any bag or parcel without an owner (1)…………… seen as a risk to the public. Some time ago j a cardboard box was found at the entrance to Bristol Zoo one day. It was noticed (2)……………… a visitor and reported to the director. Clearly, if it was a bomb and it went off, people might (3)…………… killed. So army bomb experts (4)……………. called in, and the box was safely blown up in a controlled explosion. Soon afterwards (5)…………… was reported that the box had (6) left there by a boy wanting to find a new home for his pet rat. He was tired of the rat, he explained, but he was unwilling to (7) ……………… it put to sleep by a vet, so he left it in a box outside the zoo. The director of the zoo is thought (8)……………… be unenthusiastic about looking after people's unwanted pets. No one knows what I the rat thought about (9) blown up. Test 11C Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets. ► We have to test these products, (be) These products have to be tested. 1 Pavarotti sang the song, (by) 2 Nigel's passport was stolen, (had) 3 They pay doctors a lot of money, (are) 4 I hope they'll interview me for the job. (to) 5 Someone was cleaning the floor, (being) 6 A mechanic is repairing Judy's car. (having) 7 Tessa lost her way. (got) 8 Everyone agreed that the plan should go ahead, (it) 9 When did they decorate your kitchen? (get) 10 They say exercise is good for you. (be) Test 11D Which of the two sentences follows on best? ► There's going to be a big art exhibition. a) A lot of visitors will be attracted to it. b) It will attract a lot of visitors. 1 Our neighbours have got a cat and a dog. a)A lot of mice are caught by the cat. b) The cat catches a lot of mice. 2 Last night Martin dreamt he saw his dead grandmother. a) A white dress was being worn by the ghost, b) The ghost was wearing a white dress. 3 We've bought a new computer. a) It can do the job much more quickly, b) The job can be done much more quickly. 4 My grandfather is very ill. a) He's being looked after in the local hospital, b) The local hospital is looking after him. 5 We've completed the experiment. a) The newspapers will publish the results, b) The results will be published in the newspapers. Test 11E Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence. ► Those nice glasses got break. Those nice glasses got broken. 1 The-story was written Agatha Christie. 2 Baseball do play at this stadium. 3 This shirt needs iron. 4 I got cut my haif yesterday. 5 It believes that there is-going to be a war. 6 My parents divorce- themselves last year. 7 I've got a report to be written. 8 To the winner was given a prize. 9 This man on TV supposes to be the tallest person in the world. 60 Verb + to-infinitive A Introduction After some verbs we can use a to-infinitive, e.g. decided to have, arranged to play. Here are some more examples. / expect to get my money back. Sarah agreed to work late at the office. We cant afford to go to Australia. Are you hoping to get a job in London? Melanie has offered to help us when we move house. We can put not before the to-infinitive. Some people just choose not to get married. At least I managed not to lose my temper. With some other verbs we use an ing-form, not a to- infinitive (see Units 61 and 62). Mark has finished playing golf. B Seem and appear We can use a to-infinitive after seem and appear. Sarah seemed to be quite annoyed. The computer program appears to have a bug in it. The person I spoke to didn't seem to know anything about the company's products. We can use a continuous or a perfect to-infinitive. Continuous: Andrew seems to be studying even harder these days. Perfect: David appeared to have hurt himself. C Tend, manage and fail We use tend to for things that usually happen. We tend to get up later at weekends. (= We usually get up later at weekends.) We use manage to for being able to do something. Luckily I managed to find my way here all right. (= I was able to find my way.) We use fail to for things that don't happen. David failed to pay his electricity bill. (= David didn't pay his electricity bill.) D He promised to go, his promise to go Some nouns can come before a to-infinitive. Compare these sentences. Verb + to-infinitive: Mark promised to go shopping. But then he arranged to play golf. Noun + to- infinitive: Mark forgot about his promise to go shopping. Sarah found out about his arrangement to play golf. Here are some nouns we can use: agreement, arrangement, decision, demand, desire, failure, offer, plan, promise, refusal, tendency, threat 61-62 Verb + ing-form 65 Verb + object + to-infinitive 60 Exercises 1 Verb + to-infinitive (A) Say what each speaker did. Use these verbs before a to-infinitive: decide, demand, offer, promise, threaten ► Henry: I really must speak to the manager. Henry demanded to speak to the manager. 1 Trevor: I'll put the shelves up soon, I promise. 2 Claire: OK, I'll buy both the dresses. 3 Melanie: I'll cook the meal if you like. 4 Tom: If you don't control that dog, Nick, I'll shoot it. 2 Seem (B) Complete the answers using seem and a to-infinitive. (Some of the to-infinitives may be continuous or perfect.) ? Vicky: Have Matthew and Emma got over their quarrel? Daniel: I think so. They seem to have got over it. ? Rita: Is Claire in love with Henry? Sarah: Probably not. She doesn't seem to be in love with him. 1 Tom: Do Mike and Harriet really believe there's life on Mars? David: Well, yes there is. 2 Victor: Has Ilona's English improved? Emma: Yes, quite a lot. 3 David: Does Rita like football? Tom: I don't think so it much. 4 Natasha: Is Daniel working hard, do you think? Rachel: Yes, I think so hard. 5 Sarah: Has Trevor made a good job of those shelves? Laura: Not really. a very good job of them. 3 Verb + to-infinitive (A-D) Put in the to-infinitive form. (Some may be continuous or perfect.) Use these verbs: come, find, hang, have, invite, leave, take Harriet: Hello, Nick. You managed (►) to find your way then? Nick: Yes, in the end. It's a bit complicated, isn't it? Harriet: Well you're here now. Do you want (1) ………………….your coat up? Mick: Thank you. Harriet: I'm glad you decided (2) to our party. Everyone seems (3) a good time. We tend (4) lots of people to our parties. Nick: Is Tom here? Harriet: No, he couldn't come. He'd already made an arrangement (5) somebody somewhere in his taxi. Nick: And Rita? Harriet: Er, she was here, but she appears (6) ………………….early. I don't know where she's gone. She was with someone. After some verbs we can use an ing-form, for example, suggested going, enjoy putting. / usually avoid driving in the rush hour. We'll have to practise throwing the ball into the basket. Have you finished typing that letter? Nick says he's given up smoking. We can sometimes put not before an ing-form. Imagine not having anywhere to live. With some other verbs we use a to-infinitive, not an ing-form (see Units 60 and 62). I don't want to put up a tent in the rain. B Mind We use mind + an ing-form mostly in negative statements and in questions. Andrew doesn't mind having lots of work. He quite likes it. (= He doesn't dislike having lots of work.) Do you mind waiting a moment? ~ No, that's OK. I wouldn't mind travelling around the world some time. C Verbs with can't Note can't or couldn't with help, resist, face and stand. We can put an ing-form after these verbs. / think Tom is very amusing. I can't help laughing at his funny stories. The dress was so beautiful that Claire couldn't resist buying it. Let's eat out, shall we? 1 can't face cooking a meal today. I never go in the bank if it's busy. I can't stand waiting in a queue. D Keep (on) and carry on We use keep or keep on + an ing-form to talk about something continuing, or when it happens again and again. Just keep stirring the mixture until it boils. Nick keeps ringing Rita and asking her out. The runners didn't mind the rain. They just kept on running. For continue see Unit 63C. Carry on means something continuing. Just carry on stirring the mixture until it boils. 65D Verb + object + ing-form 61 Verb + ing-form . manage to for being able to do something. Luckily I managed to find my way here all right. (= I was able to find my way.) We use fail to for things that don't happen. David failed to pay. an active or passive to- infinitive or ing-form. Jessica: Are you going to be busy today? Andrew: Well, I've got a few things (►) to do (do) . I've got an essay (1) ……………………………… (write) use a to- infinitive, e.g. decided to have, arranged to play. Here are some more examples. / expect to get my money back. Sarah agreed to work late at the office. We cant afford to go to Australia.