58 TOEFL iBT Tips Copyright © 2005 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. TOEFL iBT Tips 59 Converting Rubric Scores to Scaled Scores for the Writing and Speaking Sections of the TOEFL iBT Test Writing Rubric Mean Average Scaled Score Speaking Rubric Mean Average Scaled Score 5.00 30 4.00 30 4.75 29 3.83 29 4.50 28 3.66 28 4.25 27 3.50 27 4.00 25 3.33 26 3.75 24 3.16 24 3.50 22 3.00 23 3.25 21 2.83 22 3.00 20 2.66 20 2.75 18 2.50 19 2.50 17 2.33 18 2.25 15 2.16 17 2.00 14 2.00 15 1.75 12 1.83 14 1.50 11 1.66 13 1.25 10 1.50 11 1.00 8 1.33 10 7 1.16 9 5 1.00 8 46 05 4 3 2 1 0 Note: Performance on the Speaking and Writing sections of the TOEFL iBT test is evaluated based on scoring rubrics of 0 to 5 for each of the two Writing tasks and 0 to 4 for each of the six Speaking tasks. The tables above show how the mean average rubric score of the two writing tasks and the mean average rubric score of six speaking tasks are con- verted to a scaled score of 0 to 30. Copyright © 2005 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. 60 TOEFL iBT Tips Percentile Data Percentile rank information is based on results from 2,720 test takers who participated in the fi eld test and who took both the new TOEFL iBT test and the TOEFL CBT test. The participants’ English ability levels ranged from low to high to replicate the current TOEFL testing population; however, the fi eld study group performed below the typical testing population on TOEFL CBT. Therefore, this fi eld study percentile data should be used with caution. Using Percentile Data Although great care was taken in the design and administration of the TOEFL iBT fi eld test, there are a number of important reasons why this percentile data should be viewed as preliminary. • Sample size: Results are based on a fi eld sample of 2,720 participants. • Motivation and performance: Participants typically are less motivated to perform well on fi eld tests than on operational, high-stakes tests. • Unfamiliarity with the test: The fi eld test was administered to test takers who had no familiarity with the TOEFL iBT test, which focuses on communication and uses integrated tasks that require examin- ees to combine language skills. In July 2004 ETS published a complete practice test on its Web site to familiarize teachers and test takers with TOEFL iBT. It is anticipated that increased familiarity will impact performance. • The addition of a speaking measure: The current TOEFL test does not measure speaking ability, and in many parts of the world teachers have not emphasized the development of this skill in their classes. • When taking the TOEFL CBT test, the fi eld study group performed below the typical TOEFL CBT population. Thus, the percentile data should be used with caution. Updated percentile data based on the high-stakes operational test will be published after the fi rst testing year. Score means and standard deviations are also provided, and will be updated after the fi rst year of testing. Standard Error of Measurement When a group of test takers who have the same ability take any test, they will not necessarily receive the same scores. Instead, they will receive scores that are close to each other and close to their true ability. The standard error of measurement (SEM) is an estimate of how much a test score differs from a test taker’s true ability. SEMs from the TOEFL iBT fi eld study are on page 62. SEMs will be updated after the fi rst year of testing. TOEFL iBT Tips 61 Copyright © 2005 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. Percentile Ranks, Means, and Standard Deviations for iBT/Next Generation TOEFL Total Percentile Scale Score Rank Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking 120 100 119 99.98 118 99.9 117 99.9 116 99.8 115 99.5 114 99.3 113 98.7 112 98.2 111 97.6 110 96.8 109 96.1 108 95.5 107 95.1 106 94.2 105 93.6 104 92.9 103 92.3 102 91.1 101 90.1 100 89.0 99 88.3 98 87.3 97 86.6 96 85.9 95 85.0 94 83.8 93 82.8 92 82.0 91 81.0 90 79.7 Total Percentile Scale Score Rank Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking 89 77.9 88 76.9 87 76.1 86 74.5 85 73.1 84 71.9 83 70.6 82 69.1 81 67.8 80 66.2 79 64.8 78 63.5 77 62.0 76 60.5 75 59.0 74 57.4 73 56.3 72 54.6 71 53.7 70 52.3 69 51.0 68 49.6 67 48.3 66 46.7 65 45.5 64 44.3 63 42.7 62 41.6 61 40.4 60 38.9 59 37.4 (continued) Note: When taking the TOEFL CBT test, the eld study group performed below the typical TOEFL CBT population. Thus, the percentile data should be used with great caution, as they are not reective of anticipated performance if the eld study participants had performed similarly to the overall TOEFL CBT population. 62 TOEFL iBT Tips Copyright © 2005 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. Total – Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking N = 2,720 Mean = 67.04 SD = 24.58 Minimum Score = 6 Maximum Score = 119 Percentile Ranks, Means, and Standard Deviations for iBT/Next Generation TOEFL (cont.) Total Percentile Scale Score Rank Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking 58 35.6 57 34.6 56 33.5 55 32.7 54 31.2 53 29.9 52 28.6 51 27.4 50 26.5 49 25.6 48 24.5 47 23.2 46 22.1 45 20.9 44 19.5 43 18.8 42 17.8 41 16.7 40 15.8 39 14.8 38 14.2 37 13.1 36 12.2 35 11.1 34 10.1 33 9.2 32 8.5 31 7.8 30 7.4 29 6.5 Total Percentile Scale Score Rank Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking 28 5.7 27 5.2 26 4.7 25 4.2 24 3.7 23 3.2 22 2.9 21 2.5 20 2.1 19 1.7 18 1.2 17 0.8 16 0.7 15 0.6 14 0.4 13 0.4 12 0.3 11 0.2 10 0.2 9 0.1 8 0.04 7 0.04 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Standard Error of Measurement Listening 2.29 Reading 2.31 Speaking 2.30 Writing 3.06 Total Score 5.28 TOEFL iBT Tips 63 Copyright © 2005 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. Percentile Ranks, Means, and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Reading Percentile Scale Score Rank 30 99.5 29 97.6 28 95.3 27 90.1 26 87.2 25 83.8 24 76.7 23 73.6 22 70.6 21 66.6 20 59.8 19 55.6 18 51.2 17 44.1 16 39.9 15 36.9 14 33.0 13 27.0 12 23.7 11 21.3 10 15.6 9 13.3 8 11.1 7 9.0 6 5.9 5 3.8 4 3.0 3 1.1 2 0.7 1 0.2 0 Listening Percentile Scale Score Rank 30 99.7 29 98.6 28 96.1 27 92.9 26 88.7 25 84.1 24 79.3 23 74.0 22 69.4 21 64.6 20 59.6 19 54.9 18 49.7 17 45.6 16 40.2 15 36.5 14 29.3 13 26.3 12 22.8 11 19.9 10 16.8 9 14.0 8 11.5 7 9.4 6 6.4 5 4.6 4 3.2 3 2.1 2 1.4 1 0.6 0 Reading N = 2,720 Mean = 17.04 SD = 6.99 Minimum Score = 0 Maximum Score = 30 Listening N = 2,720 Mean = 16.98 SD = 6.95 Minimum Score = 0 Maximum Score = 30 Note: When taking the TOEFL CBT test, the eld study group performed below the typical TOEFL CBT population. Thus, the percentile data should be used with great caution, as they are not reective of anticipated performance if the eld study participants had performed similarly to the overall TOEFL CBT population. . Scaled Score 5.00 30 4.00 30 4.75 29 3. 83 29 4.50 28 3. 66 28 4.25 27 3. 50 27 4.00 25 3. 33 26 3. 75 24 3. 16 24 3. 50 22 3. 00 23 3.25 21 2. 83 22 3. 00 20 2.66 20 2.75 18 2.50 19 2.50 17 2 .33 18 2.25 15. 19.5 43 18.8 42 17.8 41 16.7 40 15.8 39 14.8 38 14.2 37 13. 1 36 12.2 35 11.1 34 10.1 33 9.2 32 8.5 31 7.8 30 7.4 29 6.5 Total Percentile Scale Score Rank . 30 99.5 29 97.6 28 95 .3 27 90.1 26 87.2 25 83. 8 24 76.7 23 73. 6 22 70.6 21 66.6 20 59.8 19 55.6 18 51.2 17 44.1 16 39 .9 15 36 .9 14 33 .0 13 27.0 12 23. 7