[...]... Monitoring Formation Damage Effects, 698 Formation Damage Expert System, 702 References, 703 CHAPTER 23 Formation Damage Control and Remediation 706 Summary, 706 Introduction, 706 Selection of Treatment Fluids, 710 Clay Stabilization, 711 pH-Buffer Solutions, 714 Clay and Silt Fines, 715 Bacterial Damage, 716 Inorganic Scales, 717 Organic Deposits, 717 Mixed Organic/Inorganic Deposits, 718 Formation Damage. .. formation fluids and porous matrix Figure 1- 1 by Bennion (19 99) delinates the common formation damage mechanisms in the order of significance Bishop (19 97) summarized the seven formation damage mechanisms described by Bennion and Thomas (19 91, 19 94) as following: 1 Fluid-fluid incompatibilities, for example emulsions generated between invading oil based mud filtrate and formation water Formation Damage. .. Deposition Model, 674 References, 677 xn 669 PART VII Diagnosis and Mitigation of Formation Damage CHAPTER 22 Field Diagnosis and Measurement of Formation Damage 680 Summary, 680 Introduction, 680 Diagnosis and Evaluation of Formation Damage in the Field, 6 81 Pseudo -Damage Versus Formation Damage, 684 Measures of Formation Damage, 684 Flow Efficiency, 6 91 Depth of Damage, 693 Model-Assisted Estimation of... Processes of Formation Damage in Petroleum Reservoirs, 458 Selection of Reservoir Compatible Fluids, 459 Experimental Set-up for Formation Damage Testing, 459 Special Purpose Core Holders, 4 61 Guidelines and Program for Laboratory Formation Damage Testing, 470 Core Flood Tests, 478 Laboratory Procedures for Evaluation of Formation Damage Problems, 478 The Liquid Block Problem, 4 81 The Mud Damage Problem,... hydrocarbon reservoirs (Energy Highlights, 19 90) Formation damage is caused by physico-chemical, chemical, biological, hydrodynamic, and thermal interactions of porous formation, particles, and fluids and mechanical deformation of formation 2 Reservoir Formation Damage under stress and fluid shear These processes are triggered during the drilling, production, workover, and hydraulic fracturing operations Formation. .. Interactions 1r Oil-based Fluids ir Foamy Oils i ^ Clay Defloculation g ir ir Solids Invasion Fluid-Fluid Interactions ^ 1 ^ Water-based Fluids Wettability Alterations Mechanica Damage ir Geomechanical Induced D ^ 1 araffins 1 i En- r 1 Adsorption Sc lids 1 Precipitates Asphaltenes Diamondoids Dirty Injection Fluids O n> CD' o O 3 O £> Figure 1- 1 Classification and order of the common formation damage mechanisms... averaging As stated by Civan (19 90): Development of a numerical solution scheme for the highly non-linear phenomenological model and its modification and verification by 4 Reservoir Formation Damage means of experimental testing of a variety of cores from geological porous media are the challenges for formation damage research As expressed by Porter (19 89) and Mungan (19 89), formation damage is not necessarily... end of the chapters Common Formation Damage Problems, Factors, and Mechanisms Barkman and Davidson (19 72), Piot and Lietard (19 87), and Amaefule et al (19 87, 19 88) have described in detail the various problems encountered in the field, interfering with the oil and gas productivity Amaefule et al (19 88) listed the conditions affecting the formation damage in four groups: (1) Type, morphology, and location... Formation damage indicators include permeability impairment, skin damage, and decrease of well performance As stated by Porter (19 89), "Formation damage is not necessarily reversible" and "What gets into porous media does not necessarily come out." Porter (19 89) called this phenomenon "the reverse funnel effect." Therefore, it is better to avoid formation damage than to try to restore it A verified formation. .. Asphaltene-Induced Formation Damage in Single-Phase, 414 Plugging-Nonplugging Pathways Model for Asphaltene Deposition in Single-Phase, 4 21 Two-Phase and Dual-Porosity Model for Simultaneous Asphaltene-Paraffin Deposition, 428 Single-Porosity and Two-Phase Model for Organic Deposition, 438 References, 449 379 PARTY Assessment of the Formation Damage Potential CHAPTER 15 Laboratory Evaluation of Formation Damage 456 . Capacity, 11 1. £ (Zeta)-Potential, 11 6. Wettability, 11 7. Mineral Quantification, 12 0. References, 12 3. PART 11 Characterization of the Porous Media Processes for Formation Damage CHAPTER . Precipitation, 17 8. References, 17 8. PART III Formation Damage by Participate Processes CHAPTER 10 Single-Phase Formation Damage by Fines Migration and Clay Swelling 18 3 Summary, 18 3. Introduction, . and Evaluation of Formation Damage in the Field, 6 81. Pseudo -Damage Versus Formation Damage, 684. Measures of Formation Damage, 684. Flow Efficiency, 6 91. Depth of Damage, 693. Model-Assisted Estimation