INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing the topic Television program production socialization activity has been developing animatedly in Vietnam However, there are still many inconsistent opinions around this activity Somebody said that: television program production socialization is a trend, a necessary work This is a chance for our television to develop The others said: we should not socialize television because it is easy to be controlled by egoistic interests and pure commercial purposes While people are still debating about socialization, television has made many great changes through socializing activity Television program production socialization is also causing many troubles to television station, partners and related units in many aspects: managing contents, structure of human resources, planning development strategy, especially maintaining propaganda orientation From two aspects, argument and reality, television program production socialization makes requirements which need to be researched, solved in order to improve the quality of Vietnam television, satisfy the demand for information, appreciation of viewers With such reasons, we decided to choose the topic: “Socialization issue of producing television program in vietnam at present” for our PhD thesis Researching purposes and tasks 2.1 Researching purposes On the basis of researching, evaluating real situations, successes, restrictions of television program production socialization activity in Vietnam, the thesis forecasts development trend and proposes solutions to deal with such activity reasonably, effectively in the near future 2.2 Researching tasks In order to achieve above purposes, the thesis must perform following tasks: (1) Clarifying the arguments on television program production socialization (2) Surveying, totaling up, analyzing real situations of television program production socialization through analyzing the forms of cooperative production and management for programs which are broadcasted in Vietnam in recent time (3) From basic arguments, consulting the experiences on socialization activity from foreign countries, combining with real situations in Vietnam to forecast, point out the abilities of developing television program production socialization activity in Vietnam in the next time as well as the challenges (4) Proposing solutions to deal with television program production socialization activity reasonably, effectively and suitably for the conditions in Vietnam Researching objects and scope - Researching object of the topic: television program production socialization activity and the methods of exploiting, managing such activity - Surveying objects: (1) Television programs which are produced by forms of socialization (2) Journalists, leaders, managers of television stations in Vietnam, some individuals, organizations outside the station who are participating in television programs production (3) Viewers – these are the people who receive and are directly affected by the programs produced by forms of socialization (4) However, in order to clarify the real situations and give out theoretical basis, we will inherit the data researched from many other resources - Surveying, researching scope: The thesis focuses on studying activities and programs which have been produced by forms of socialization in 12 television stations throughout the country, such as: Vietnam Television, Vietnam Television Corporation, Ho Chi Minh Television, Hanoi Television, Quanh Ninh Television, Ha Giang Television, Nghe An Television, Da Nang Television, Khanh Hoa Television, Vinh Long Television, Can Tho Television, Hau Giang Television and some other television stations in Vietnam Such television stations are selected through the mechanism: central – local, region, organization These television stations were established early and have been developing strongly in Vietnam Theoretical basis and researching method 4.1 Theoretical basis: This topic is researched on the basis of grasping instruments of Vietnamese Communist Party in some sessions of Congress recently, legal policies, documents of the State relating to socialization activities, journalistic activities and journalistic argument system generally, and television journalism particularly 4.2 Researching method: - Method of surveying real situations: used to determine researching ideas, drafting the picture of real situations, determine the problems given on socialization activities of television branch in Vietnam - Method of researching materials: carried out for theoretical scientific works on television promulgated by domestic and foreign authors This method is used for the purpose of generalizing, adding the theoretical system on television generally and television program production socialization activity particularly - Method of totaling up – comparing: used for the purpose of determining appearance frequency, development level, quality, effect of programs that are cooperatively produced by television stations and partners and programs that are produced by journalists independently This method mainly relies on periodic statistical returns, investigations and surveys performed television stations, communication companies and related units - Method of analyzing, synthesizing: used to analyze, evaluate and synthesize researching results in order to point out the successes, restrictions, reasons and challenges in the process of television program production socialization in our country - Method of professional interview: performed with 35 leaders and managers of television stations, exterior organizations and journalists of television stations who are participating in program production socialization activity in order to collect the opinions of individuals about the issue - Method of investigating through questionnaires (anket): is performed in order to get objective opinions on quality, effect and demand of the public for television programs which are produced by forms of socialization The number of samples is 800 ballots, the ballots are selected randomly in cities: Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh city and Can Tho Besides, we refer some other methods such as SWOT analysis method… to analyze the production cooperation activity of the units as well as use as the basis for putting forth some suitable solutions Researching hypothesis - Television program production socialization is a rule of development; it is cooperation and competition as well We will not be able to understand the nature, operating principles of this activity if we don’t research related issues comprehensively, specifically from definitions, role, cooperating method, socializing principles and improve legal system – legal framework to make sure that television socialization process is performed effectively - Television program production socialization activity is developing stronger and stronger in Vietnam, getting encouraging results However, this activity also has many restrictions which negatively affect the development of television stations particularly and television branch generally Without investigating, analyzing real situations scientifically, then pointing out successes, restrictions, socialization activity would hardly promote its advantages and cause unforeseeable impacts when it develops New scientific contribution for the thesis - First: This thesis researches the system and generalize theoretical frame on television program production socialization activity: (1) clarifying the definition of television program production socialization and some related definitions to compare (2) Inevitability of socialization activity (3) Main forms of production socialization (4) Principles to ensure the nature of orientation, exploit and encourage social resources to participate in television program production activity… This theoretical frame and real situations will be the bases for researching, evaluating the issues relating to communication socialization generally and television program production socialization particularly - Second: Investigating, analyzing socialization activities of some television stations in Vietnam comprehensively, in details with basic factors: cooperating objects, forms, content of socialization, socialization activities organizing, managing method, then considering real situations of this activity The thesis affirms positiveness of socialization activity, defines the restrictions which need to be improved early, especially in awareness and managing process - Third: On the basis of such general conclusion in combination with analyzing the experiences on this field from some countries all in the world, this thesis forecasts the issues in near future and brings out a system of solutions to make television program production socialization activity in Vietnam more effective, suitable for real situations Theoretical and real meaning of the thesis 7.1 Theoretical meaning: This thesis is the first scientific work which systematically synthesize theoretical conclusions on a new issue in Vietnam, it’s television activity socialization If this thesis is successfully researched, it will contribute to enrich the knowledge on television generally, television program production, cooperative production particularly 7.2 Real meaning: Theoretical and real researching results of the thesis can be references for policies makers; for people who are participating in television branch; references for researching, teaching, studying processes in training facilities of television staffs and people who care about the topic Structure of the thesis Beside introduction, overview of researching topic, conclusion, list of references, main content of the thesis consists of chapters, 16 sections OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHING TOPIC Apart from documents of foreign countries, among the announced documents inside the country, the author mentioned the socialization activity of television program production, basically focuses on following research groups: - First group: includes researches relating to theoretical basis of television, development trends of Vietnam television in modern society, especially in integrating, globalizing processes They were concerned with television socialization but just in a small aspect which was usually researched as a small factor that promotes development of television in modern society r a solution that helps to develop integrating process - Second group: are scientific topics, works mentioning television socialization in a narrow point of view, they were studied separately to introduce a specific model of socialization - Third group: television socialization was mentioned in speeches of scientific seminars, television festivals However, most of such speeches and opinions just raised the issue qualitatively and individually - Forth group: socialization, television program production socialization were mentioned in development orientation of the Party, in the instruments, decrees, legal documents However, beside positive aspects, some regulations on this activity were general; they did not satisfy the real demand and contained many inadequate points Beside above researching works, some newspapers, websites also had separate articles about different aspects of television socialization… In general, such researching works just mentioned some slices of television socialization In the aspect of learning, theses works did not theorize basic issues relating to television program production socialization scientifically In the aspect of reality, they did not point out the trend of television socialization, or draft general picture of real situations, route, models, principles, difficulties in television program production socializing process of Vietnam television branch at present, therefore, they did not give specific solutions to promote this activity effectively and develop television branch strongly Such space needs to be fulfilled and developed Chapter GENERAL THEORY ON TELEVISION PROGRAM PRODUCTION SOCIALIZATION 1.1 Definitions 1.1.1 Socialization There are many different opinions on the term of socialization These opinions are recognized through diversified points of view: sociology, political economy, philosophy… Although each research has different definition about the term of “socialization”, they all believe that: “socialization” is the process of establishing and affirming sociality of each member or a thing, matter On the basis of analysis, we would like to give our own definition to use for the next researching process: “Socialization is a process of extending the participation, sharing of society in an exclusive activity, service or knowledge of an organization or individual so that such activity or product will be known, used or enjoyed by many people” 1.1.2 Television program production socialization Nowadays, in Vietnam, production – making television products is not performed by journalists of a television channel, a television station, it’s common work of many people People can participate directly or indirectly in television production So, it can be understood that: “Socialization of television program production is the process of expanding the participation and attracting the human resources of individual, organizations or businesses into a stage in the production procedure and television programs - of the State television - this is the exclusive work of the State in Vietnam” The participation of outside individuals and partners into the program production activity (the work which was previous implemented by the State only) not only makes increase on quantity and quality of programs but also contributes to limiting the exclusivity in creating the television product In fact, in Vietnam, there are some other concepts, a part of them is nearly similar to the term of television program production socialization, including “cooperation in television program production”, “television socialization” However, these terms have internal contents which are too large or too small Therefore, in order to research more deeply, beside following the news, macroscopic issues of television branch, the thesis only focus on researching a specific issue: researching the participation of society in television product making process, which is “television program production socialization” 1.2 Factors that promote the establishment and development of television program production socialization activity 1.2.1 The demand for information of the public and inner abilities of television station To have many interesting program with large and modern nature, scope and serve diversified demands of the public, we always need great resources: human resources, technology, finance But many television stations cannot satisfy such resources, especially in finance Therefore, the participation of individuals, organizations, and especially, the enterprises, economic corporations in television program production activity is very necessary 3.3 Reasons for limit and issues set out in the television program production socialization activity nowadays 3.3.1 Viewpoints and awareness of the socialization activity of participants are not unified - The first: conflict in coordination purposes: conflict in thought task, politic and economic interests - The second: Incompletely awareness of natures, difficulties and challenges of the socialization activity 3.3.2 Lack of guideline and synchronous and specific planning On 24/03/2011, the Prime Minister signed the Decision No 20/2011/QD-TTG promulgating regulation on management of paid television; on 01/03/2011, the Ministry of communications and Information signed the Circular No 7/2011 detailing and guiding grant of press license in the field of broadcast and television However, to operate effectively, avoid waste, spreading, it needs to issue appropriate and specific provisions on development strategy in general, television socialization in particular such as number of channels, content of channels, etc 3.3.3 Production capacity of partners is not uniform and professional Personnel and finance are key factors determining quality, progress of partner coordination Limits in socialization process in the past are caused by lack of self-willingness in finance and dependence on sponsor of the partners On the other hand, personnel implementing program is thin and unprofessional 3.3.4 Capacity and management degree remain problems - Vietnam Television Station: ordering articles from the partner and accepting socialization program of some stations are not close, sure for quality due to very big volume of works but thin personnel - Partners: difficulties and limits are mainly within personnel and capital management Lots of partners have lost 3.3.5 Mechanism and policy are not appropriate - Circular No 19 of the Ministry of Communications and Information guiding link and coordination activity, however, a number of articles are not referred clearly Therefore, the television stations still meet difficulties as opening program production - Law on amendment of press 1999, confirming the rule that Vietnam does not personal press Press is speech agency of the Party, State, and Union, is forum of people Actually, it needs coordination to produce press products in general and television product in particular; thus, that a number of current provisions not have coverage makes such activities meet a lot of limits and develop not as expected 3.3.6 There is no form of consulting viewers’ comment regularly and appropriately Price of investigation result and market evaluation from Market Research Companies is very expensive because it is not all station ready for investing their expense On the other hand, each station does not have many appropriate research methods; therefore, in order to exist and telecast, creating topic and ordering program are objective Sub - conclusion of Chapter 3: Through direct research of the television station activities of the Center and Locality, it can be seen that the television program production socialization activity are existing and developing more effervescently in Vietnam In comparison with traditional television program production activity, socialization activity remains a lot of limits that affects as not expected to development process of the television station All facts set out critical issues in need of awareness and settlement for units having participated in socialization process Of which, it needs to aware of socialization activity – this is key step to determine correct action of each unit as implementing socialization Together with awareness of development of socialization activity, it needs logic, suitable mechanism; management method with special important role – this is lodestar for development of products and social awareness Chapter FORECAST OF DEVELOPMENT TEND AND A NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS FOR PROMOTING TELEVISION PROGRAM PRODUCTION SOCIALIZATION ACTIVITY EFFECTIVELY IN VIETNAM IN THE FUTURE 4.1 Forecast of development of the television program production socialization activity in Vietnam in the future 4.1.1 Development tendency of socialization activity 4.1.1.1.The television program production continuation of strong development socialization activity in Tri Viet Communication Joint Stock Company (TMV) investigates and analyzes television market and provides forecast 2012 and some next years that new program time of some stations is only meeting ¼ demand in comparison with reality (search result of the biggest 40 channels having revenue and production capacity (personnel, finance, and technology /100 channels including paid television and advertising television) In addition, the Decision No 22/2009/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister approving the up-to2020 planning for radio and television wave transmission and broadcasting shows that television sector in Vietnam shall develop strongly in transmission infrastructure Together with such change, it requires content activity developing on such infrastructure develop synchronously in quality and quantity Therefore, to cooperate with more external partners in short-term and long-term are also necessary 4.1.1.2 The television program production socialization activity in need of extending scope and implementation method The socialization activity is not only developed on advertising television but also paid television This activity does not stop at small scope within some programs or certain time frame as in the past and is forecasted that programs having partners in producing for the whole channel shall increase thanks to stronger capable partners and awareness of clearer socialization form’s advantages 45.7% of respondent partners think that they like channel socialization form because this form is more self - willed 4.1.1.3 Requirement of entertainment programs and news makes up big rate According to statistic and analysis of TNS Media from 2007 to 2011 and in comparison with search of TVM-Tri Viet Communication Joint Stock Company and personal investigation result within 800 questionnaires of 04 big cities in Vietnam, the rate of entertainment programs (film) and news are 02 program types popular most and most regularly 4.1.1.4 Program content in tend of exclusion 79.9% of respondent viewers think that: exclusive information is easy to follow and deep; they must not wait long and waste time for searching Therefore, number of Vietnam films is increasing much in comparison with last years A lot of Vietnam films confirm their position in viewers’ heart Together with Vietnam film, many game shows and Vietnamese programs have appeared and obtained certain position on television 4.1.1.5 Vietnamese programs step by step competes with foreign programs As from having the amendment Law on Cinematography which was effective in accordance with the regulation: Vietnamese film accounted for at least 30% of total time limit From that time, the quantity of Vietnamese films was produced more than in the past Many socialization films affirmed the position and they were loved by audience Together with Vietnamese film, many game programs and Vietnamese columns appeared and increasingly developed, and had certain position on television program 4.1.1.6 The socialization activity happens complexly and out of control In some next years, demand of entertainment in particular and information from television in general shall always the first rate choice for the public Increasing channels and programs is essential Together with such increase is strong development of production socialization activity If the legal corridor is still maintained, with the appropriate management staff especially in quantity as now, it shall be difficult to create more attractive television programs for viewers 4.1.1.7 The partners in tend of changing operation model Mass development of investors, communication companies reflects rise of television market In addition to the mass development is severity of market with pressure making lots of communication companies operate not effectively, lack character and must change operation tend as per reality and their capacity 4.1.2 Opportunities and challenges of units in front of development of socialization activity 4.1.2.1 Opportunities with television stations:Opportunity to serve the public more and better; Opportunity to affirm the position; Opportunity to exploit the resources which are having and will have; Opportunity to penetrate more deeply, widely with the world television… 4.1.2.2 Opportunities with partners of television stations:Opportunity to show the capacity and build the image; Opportunity to develop the economic resources… 4.1.2.3 Challenges with television stations:Challenge in settling the interest relation (political interest and economic interest); Challenge in managing the content of socialization program; Challenge in front of the personnel balance problem… 4.1.2.4 Challenges with partners:Challenge in front of the greater competition pressure; Challenge on exploitation, human resource development; Challenge in front of the issue of capital resource preservation and development 4.2 Some solutions for developing the television program production socialization activity The solutions given by us are arranged according to logics: Awareness Specific policy - State management - Resource intensification 4.2.1 Unify and raise awareness of the socialization activity The socialization activity brings in not only benefit for the television station, people but also social position, trade mark and especially economy interest for partners Clear awareness of relationship between politic orientation and economic interest, and governance of economy over communication activity are very important and determining correctly or incorrectly orientated existence of a television program or channel 4.2.2 Grasp thoroughly the rule: a lot of participants in producing programs but only a direct content management agency that is television station Grasp the unification rule in management to ensure politic interest (orientation nature), cultural interest – interests of viewers (approach of information, new knowledge in the correct orientation valuable in raising the awareness, healthy spirit life of people) 4.2.3 Further developing the partner system according to the direction of expanding more participation objects and localizing the implementation level Expanding the objects participating the program in order to have more diversified information to serve the public, reduce the burden on manpower and finance for the station is a work worth doing but the level must be considered carefully by each station This thing depends on the capacity, strength and limitation of oneself together with grasping, treating the opportunities and challenges at the outside impacting to each station Socializing a part of the regulation and management will be active and favorable Socialization of program production for the channel - the work will be easy to be under another direction, easy to be governed by economic interest and difficult to control At present, there is cooperation mechanism with the partners being “organization with corporate capacity” In long term, specific policy should be considered in order to expand the cooperation, use of products of individuals having ability and demand in the society 4.2.4 Building the planning and socialization itinerary This thing is carried out strictly, scientifically; it not only contributes to stabilizing the television activity in general, socialization activity in particular but also helps the programs and television channels to be born, developed efficiently and to avoid the waste Together with many foundations for building the procedures and itinerary of socialization, each relevant unit may refer additionally SWOT analysis method to analyze the situation, find out the opportunity in order to form the cooperation work and development 4.2.5 In need of plan as well as proper investigation solution In order the television program production socialization develops as per the rule, correct direction of propagation, the management agencies not only develop and promulgate but also investigate and handle mistakes continuously if any 4.2.6 Research the public demand and partner’s condition regularly Based on search, research, it can see viewers’ demand for programs, and then it is possible to form policy, develop effective and proper propagation and cooperation plan 4.2.7 Complete mechanism, policy and legal corridor for the socialization activity The law or sub - law document needs to constitute airy legal corridor but still ensures close and practical characters in accordance with the viewpoint of connecting development and management Television press information under the management of the Party, the State is within the legal frame 4.2.8 Train and develop human resource This work must be implemented by the stations and their partners regularly and basically and must be defined as the key step that it is able to develop staff, reporters and freelances qualified, moral and professional to manage and practice professionally 4.2.9 Promote investment in all aspects to raise guideline role of the television station in the socialization process Awareness and implementation of such problem shall facilitate the station not to be worried about “comparison” between politic tasks and economic interest and to be full power “leaders” “involving” the whole society to participate and go the right way 4.3 Some experiences and recommendations for the Television Stations as implementing the Television program production socialization 4.3.1 It needs exploitation and encouragement mechanism as per partner types – especially “civilization journalist” – individual in the society This subject receives little care from the television station but in fact it can bring in a lot of interesting events and materials with high valuable information implemented by individual equipment 4.3.2 It needs to plan social resource use scientifically and properly that socialization activity of each station is self-willed and effective Sub-conclusion of Chapter 4: With the theoretic foundations as stated in the Chapter and search result in the Chapter and together with practical research on socio-economic and communication development in Vietnam now; in the Chapter 4, the author forecasts the next development tend of the socialization activity and provide specific solutions to recommend related agencies developing proper mechanism and policy, plan in order to promote effectiveness of the television program production socialization activity in Vietnam in the future CONCLUSION The television program production socialization activity in Vietnam now is not only a big problem for State management agency, concerned television station but also research object of many units, companies and individuals in the society because it brings in a lot of attractive interests for participants However, process of development and management of the socialization activity in Vietnam now appears many problems requiring for specific and practical solutions for settlement to exploit and promote effectiveness of this production form at the maximum level The main contents consist of 04 chapters (16 sections), the thesis finishes purposes and tasks set out The specific result as follow: The author overviews and make clear theoretic foundation of issues related to the television program production socialization activity: conception of socialization, factor promoting this activity’s existence, analysis of advantages and disadvantages, involvement of society into this activity to create television products Especially, the thesis points out necessary requirements and conditions for the socialization activity developing strongly and healthily as oriented The , detailed and complete search of the television program production socialization activity in Vietnam are now implementing through search at 12 stations representing for Central level and local level; representative stations of 03 areas nationwide From received results through collection of data, with 05 items in Chapter 2, the thesis provide a quite complete picture of the socialization activity from production organization step to management step at Television Stations in Vietnam now In the author’s opinion, the socialization activity is developed widely all over national stations and strongest in the television stations located in provinces and cities having economic condition, developed human civilization, crowed population The socialization activity is developing not only on advertising television but also on paid television with a lot of different participation forms Through search, the thesis also shows that the participants producing programs at the stations are abundant However, the most active participation is made by about over 50 of thousands of communication companies Participation of other units and individuals starts but not clear The partners have invested all resources to produce programs with diversified and attractive contents from entertainment, cultural, social, scientific and educational programs to news Of which entertainment programs makes up large rate and its expression form is more diversified in comparison with traditional programs A lot of special television channels producing the socialization form appear and develop strongly Lots of them impress the viewers In addition to actual situation of the television program production socialization activity, the thesis also shows situation of organization and management of this form in the television stations in Vietnam Currently, structure of appraisal machine of the nationwide television stations is in general following a common process quite close with 03 heads: department level, board level and station level However, through research result, it can see that in order to operate correctly and effectively, many stations have invested in research and supplemented regulation for this activity Based on overview of the television program production socialization activity’s actual situation, and deep interview for 25 management leaders of the stations, 10 leadership staff of communication companies participating in producing programs with nationwide stations, and questionnaires for 800 viewers from 04 areas over the country, the thesis shows successes, limits and effectives of the television program production socialization activity Operation situation of socialization in the past time has proved that this activity has diversified the television programs meeting demand of the public The socialization helps the stations mobilize a lot of resources in the society from which reduces burden in producing program of the stations However, together with such successes, the socialization still remains many limits These are mass development but lack character of many programs; disorder in personnel The socialization also appears commercial feature Economic interests appear and affect production activity bringing in unexpected quality of some programs Under different angles, the thesis points out 06 main reasons for ineffective socialization activity Based on analysis of practicality of the socialization activity, through expert staff as management leaders of the television stations, big communication units nationwide, all being put into general entity of communication operation and development of economy, polity, society of the nation; the thesis forecast development tend of this activity in Vietnam in the future The author thinks that: the socialization activity shall develop strongly in the future; with its advantages, this activity shall develop not only in communication companies but also at variety of subjects and social classes Based on actual situation and such forecasts, the thesis points out main solutions for helping the socialization activity in Vietnam develop more effectively Generally speaking, such solutions follow closely advantages and disadvantages withdrawn from search and analysis of actual situation, thus they have applicable nature The solutions are deployed as main directions: Raise awareness, responsibility of individuals, units participating and implementing the socialization activity; complete mechanism and policy in real, synchronous and close direction that the socialization activity can be effective, harmonize parties’ interests In addition, that staff and reporters of the stations need training and practicing, increasing professional capacity, management degree plays a important role and determines quality of the socialization activity – meet demand of information, propagation of the Party, State and Society The main research direction of the thesis is socialization activity in domestic products (domestic) – because of limited capacity and condition; in addition, this activity has a lot of complicated happens However, based on topic research bases: “The television program production socialization activity in Vietnam now”, the author sees that this topic can be developed in the follow direction: (1) Research deeply the television program production socialization activity in category (2) Research deeply advantages and disadvantages of each television program production socialization form (3) Research the television program production socialization activity at each locality (advertising television or paid television)… On the basis of research results, the author of the thesis tried to mention comprehensively the issues put forth by the subject However, because the research scope is wide but the research time is short, the sample selection scale is not much, the thesis is not sure to avoid the certain shortcomings With the perfect and complete spirit, the author would like to acquire all contribution ideas and reasonable criticisms ... as: Vietnam Television, Vietnam Television Corporation, Ho Chi Minh Television, Hanoi Television, Quanh Ninh Television, Ha Giang Television, Nghe An Television, Da Nang Television, Khanh Hoa... number of Vietnam films is increasing much in comparison with last years A lot of Vietnam films confirm their position in viewers’ heart Together with Vietnam film, many game shows and Vietnamese programs... of Ministries, journalistic offices such as: Vietnam Television Company, visual broadcasting system of Radio The Voice of Vietnam (VOVTV); Vietnam News Agency channel; People’s Public Security