UNIT 4: EDUCATION SYSTEM (from period 18 to 22) A – READING  OBJECTIVES Aims: School education system in England Lexical items: Words / phrases related to education. Teaching aids: pictures in textbook. Skills: Reading for gist and for specific information  METHOD: Integrated, mainly communicative.  PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities WARM-UP  Game: Word search The words to find Education, school year, free, begin, end, public, system, grade, course, holiday, term, exam  Ask Ss to look at the words and guess what they are going to read. BEFORE YOU READ  T can explain some new words 1. compulsory (a): obligatory, ≠ voluntary 2. certificate (n): an official document showing that you have passed an examination 3. curriculum (n): plural curricula /-lə/ or curriculums: the subjects that students learn at a school, college etc 4. core (a): the most important or central part of something 5. tuition fees: the money you pay for being taught 6. state school (n): trường công lập 7. primary education (n): primary education is for children between 5 and 11 years old [= elementary American English] 8. secondary education (n): secondary education is for children between 11 and 18 years old 9. category (n): [countable] plural categories a group of people or things that are all of the same type 10. consist of something (phrasal verb): to be formed from two or more things or people WHILE YOU READ  T asks Ss to read the text silently and do task 1.  T asks Ss to read the passage again and answer the questions in task 2  T asks Ss to compare the answers with their E D U C A T I O N K D R E T U N R B U G S C H O O L Y E A R E C O U R S E G E A X E L P U B L I C D A N I E F O T N F E M D D S Y R T E M O O H A S Y S E T R S N L Y S Y S T E M M Ss work in groups to find out 12 words Whole class Answers: Task 1 1. state school 2. primary education 3. secondary education 4. compulsory partners.  T walks round the class, offers ideas and comments when Ss need help.  T calls on some Ss to write the answers on the board.  T check with the class.  T asks Ss to read the passage and fill in each gap with a suitable word.  T gets Ss to speak out the answers.  T gives feedback. AFTER YOU READ Stop and correct  T has Ss read the passage very carefully in about 5 minutes and then close their books.  T reads the paragraph 2 with the wrong information and tells Ss to listen and shout “STOP” when they realize the wrong information. 5. The General Certificate of Secondary Education. 6. curriculum Task 2 1. from the age of 5 2. There are three terms. 3. The state school and the “independent” or “public” school system. 4. Yes. 5. There are 3 core subjects. 6. When Ss finish the secondary school, they have to take an examination called the GCSE. Gap – filling Schooling is (1) … for all English children from the age of 5 to 16. The academic year in England runs from (2) … to July and is (3) … into 3 terms. (4) …… term is from the beginning of September to mid-December. Spring term is from the beginning of January to mid- March and (5) … term from early April to mid-July. Each term is separated by on- week (6) … called half term. 1. three parallel … 2. the first is the private school … 3. paid by the people …. 4. independent or special school system 5. paid by Ss 6. 95 % 7. put into two levels 8. university education … Homework: Write a short paragraph about the most difficult school subjects they are facing with and solutions to the better study of the subjects. Comments B – SPEAKING  OBJECTIVES Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to get some knowledge of the education system and talk about the school system in Vietnam. Lexical items: Words / phrases related to the school system in Vietnam. Teaching aids: handouts Skills: Ss can talk about the school system in Vietnam.  METHOD: Integrated, mainly communicative.  PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities WARM-UP Game: Match up  T shows pictures of schools and ask them to match the school with their names. Ss work in pairs 6. Pre – school 7. Primary school  T calls on Ss to give the answers and give feed back.  T asks Ss to practise speaking about the school education system in Vietnam. BEFORE YOU SPEAK  T elicits the Vietnamese meaning of the following words from Ss 1. nursery school (n): nhà trẻ 2. kindergarten (n): trường mẫu giáo 3. primary school (n): trường cấp 1 4. Lower secondary school (n): trường cấp 2 5. Upper secondary school (n): trường cấp 3  T says the name of the school in their neighborhood and gets Ss to say what level of education it is. WHILE YOU SPEAK  T lets Ss work in pairs to ask and answer about the school system in Vietnam based on the table on page 47.  T works with a student to model.  T calls some pairs to act out the conversations  T gives feedback and comments.  T breaks the class into groups and tell them to talk about the school education system in Vietnam, using the information in task 1  T moves around the class to control and give help if necessary. AFTER YOU SPEAK  T has Ss talk about the similarities and differences between the school system in Vietnam and in England.  T assigns homework. 8. Lower secondary school. 9. Upper secondary school Whole class Conversation A: When do the children in Vietnam go to primary school? B: When they 6 years old. A: How long does the primary education last? B: 5 years. Homework: Ask Ss to write a short paragraph about the school education system in Vietnam. Comments C – LISTENING  OBJECTIVES Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to listen to people talking about school days. Lexical items: Words / phrases related to school days Teaching aids: pictures, a tape/CD, and handouts  METHOD: Integrated, mainly communicative.  PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities WARM-UP Game: Scrambled words  T delivers handouts with the following. 1. thisoyr H _ _ _ _ _ Y 2. nfhcer F _ _ _ _ H 3. pisshyc P _ _ _ _ _ S 4. smciu M _ _ _ C Ss work in groups Answer: 1. history 2. French 3. physics 4. music 5. hesgnli E _ _ _ _ _ H 6. saatcmhmeit M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S 7. pggyoaerh G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y 8. ymtrhceis C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y  T tells Ss here are some school subjects and ask them to work out what they are. BEFORE YOU LISTEN  T explain some new words 1. tearaway (n): người hay bốc đồng 2. disruptive (a): gây rối 3. methodical (a): cẩn thận, có phương pháp 4. well-behaved (a) :cư xử đúng 5. struggle (n): cuộc đấu tranh WHILE YOU LISTEN  T: Listen to the conversation between Jenny and Gavin. Put a tick () to the question to which the answer is “Yes”  T plays the CD player twice for Ss to listen  T asks them to listen and do task 1  T goes over the answers with the class.  T lets Ss listen to the conversation again and do task 2  T asks Ss to compare the answers in pairs  T call on Ss to write their answers on the board  T checks the answers with the whole class. AFTER YOU LISTEN  T has Ss talk about their school. 1. How do you feel about your school? Do you like it or not? 2. What things do you like and what things don’t you like? (uniform? Subjects? Teachers? Punishment/extra-curricular activities?) 3. What changes would you like to make?  T assigns homework. 5. English 6. mathematics 7. geography 8. chemistry whole class Task 1: Question Jenny Gavin 1   2  3  4 5   6 Task 2: 1. When he enjoyed the subjects. 2. He found it very difficult 3. Because they were difficult for him to do in a short time. 4. Because he went away to boarding school when he was quite young and he didn’t like that. So school days weren’t the best days of his life. Ss work in pairs Homework: Ask Ss to write about the results of their current exams at school and what they will do to prepare for the next exams. Comments D – WRITING  OBJECTIVES Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to describe school education system in Vietnam. Lexical items: Words / phrases related to school system Teaching aids: handouts  METHOD: Integrated, mainly communicative.  PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities WARM-UP Game: words relates to school Ss work in groups BEFORE YOU WRITE  Ask Ss to work in pairs to talk about the national education system in Vietnam, using the information shown in the diagram WHILE YOU WRITE  Ask Ss to work in groups to write a paragraph on the formal school education system in Vietnam based on the diagram.  T walks around the class, helping Ss if they have any problems with their writing and note down the most common mistakes Ss make in order to correct in front of the class. AFTER YOU WRITE  Check how Ss have corrected their mistakes, and then give marks to some of them.  T assigns homework. Ss work in pairs Suggested ideas The formal school system in Vietnam consists of two levels of education, primary and secondary education. The children start Grade 1 at the age of 6 and they normally complete the primary education at the age of 10. They move to lower secondary school to study in Grade 6 when they are 11 years old. They will finish nine-year compulsory education when they complete Grade 9 at the age of 14. The children may go to upper secondary schools if they pass all the subjects tested at the end of Grade 9. They will stay there until they complete Grade 12 at the age of 17. If they want to sit for the entrance examination to universities or colleges they have to take the national examination for GCSE which takes place at the end of May or beginning of June. The academic year in Vietnam runs from September to May and is divided into two terms. The first term ends in January with a week holiday and the second term finishes in May before a long summer holiday comes. Comments E – LANGUAGE FOCUS  OBJECTIVES Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to get some rules of the stress in three syllable words and use the passive voice. Lexical items: Irregular verbs Teaching aids: a tape/CD, and handouts  METHOD: Integrated, mainly communicative.  PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities PRONUNCIATION  Listen and repeat the words on page 49  Get Ss to practise reading the sentences GRAMMAR Passive Sentences Passive voice verbs are used in writing much more often than in speech, and they are used in some types of writing much more often than in others. Passives are used more in journalism (newspapers, magazines) than in fiction (novels, stories), but most journalists and fiction writers use far more active Whole class Exercise 1. People developed Concorde in the 1960s 2. They spent £ 1.5 billion on its development. 3. They have built twenty planes altogether. 4. People built the Houses of Parliament in the nineteenth century. 5. People produce Champagne in France. than passive sentences. However, passives are very common in all types of scientific and technical writing. Scientific articles often contain more passive than active sentences. You should not use passive voice verbs unless you have a good reason. A. Relationship between active and passive: 1. The object of the active verb is the subject of the passive verb (“English” in the example sentences below). Therefore, verbs which cannot be followed by objects (intransitive verbs) cannot be used in passive voice. These are some common intransitive verbs: appear, arrive, come, cry, die, go, happen, occur, rain, sleep, stay, walk. These verbs cannot be used in passive voice. 2. The passive verb always contains a form of the auxiliary verb be. The form of be in the passive verb phrase corresponds to the form of the main verb in the active verb phrase (see the underlined words in the example sentences below). That is, if the active main verb is simple present tense, then a simple present tense form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; if the active main verb is -ING, then the -ING form of be is used in the passive verb phrase; and so on. 3. The main verb in a passive predicate verb phrase is always the participle form of the verb. 4. Some examples of active and passive sentences: ACTIVE: They speak English. PASSIVE: English is spoken. ACTIVE: They spoke English. PASSIVE: English was spoken. ACTIVE: They will speak English. PASSIVE: English will be spoken. ACTIVE: They are going to speak English. PASSIVE: English is going to be spoken. ACTIVE: They are speaking English. PASSIVE: English is being spoken. ACTIVE: They were speaking English. PASSIVE: English was being spoken. ACTIVE: They have spoken English. PASSIVE: English has been spoken. ACTIVE: They had spoken English. 6. The police fined her £ 300 for speeding. 7. They pay school teachers about £ 25,000 a year. 8. The postman deliver our post twice a day. 9. People gave three teenagers an award for bravery yesterday. 10. They make paper from wood. 11. Someone killed resident Kennedy in Dallas. 12. People grow coffee in Africa. 13. Someone painted this picture. 14. The Japanese developed Walkman cassette players. 15. People knocked down the Berlin Wall in 1989. 16. They held the 2000 Olympic Games in Australia. 17. People make Roll-Royce cars in Britain. 18. People have produced Coca-Cola for over 100 years. 19. They will speak English at the conference. 20. People grew Sugar cane in India thousands of years ago. 21. They speak English here. 22. They produce Nokia phones in Finland. 23. They include service in the bill. 24. We are redecorating our kitchen at the moment. 25. Another company is taking over our company. 26. The company employs about 1,000 people. 27. We grow all our vegetables on the farm. 28. They are pulling down that block of flats because it is unsafe. 29. They deliver our newspapers before breakfast. 30. Someone broke my glasses. 31. Nobody asked him to come. 32. Somebody left the lights on. 33. Somebody told me about it yesterday. 34. Nobody invited her to the party. 35. Someone took us to the hospital. 36. Nobody gave them any information. 37. Did anybody find the missing child? 38. Did anything disturb you in the night? 39. They cut down trees. PASSIVE: English had been spoken. ACTIVE: They will have spoken English. PASSIVE: English will have been spoken. 5. Perfect progressive verb forms are generally used in active voice only. That is, these are good English sentences: ACTIVE: They have been speaking English. ACTIVE: They had been speaking English. ACTIVE: They will have been speaking English. But sentences like these are rarely used: PASSIVE: English has been being spoken. PASSIVE: English had been being spoken. PASSIVE: English will have been being spoken. B. Most passive sentences do not contain an agent; all active sentences contain an agent. 1. An agent is the subject of the active verb. In the example sentences above, the agent is “they” in all the active sentences; the passive sentences do not contain an agent. 2. When a passive sentence contains an agent, it is in a prepositional phrase following the verb. For example: English is spoken by them. In the following sentences, the noun “teachers” is the agent in both sentences. “Teachers” is also the subject of the active verb, but “exams” is the subject of the passive verb. ACTIVE: Teachers prepare exams. PASSIVE: Exams are prepared by teachers. C. You should not use passive voice unless you have a good reason. Here are some good reasons for using passive voice: 1. Passive voice is often used when the agent (the doer of an action; the subject of an active verb) is obvious, unknown, or unnecessary: Oranges are grown in California. Toyotas are made in Japan. Her purse was stolen. 2. Passive voice is often used when the agent is known, but the speaker/writer doesn’t want to 40. People take them to the paper mill. 41. People made the first paper in China. 42. They invented paper nearly two thousand years ago. 43. The Arabs brought the methods for making paper to Europe in the 18 th century. 44. Since the 19 th century, people have used wood fro making the pulp. 45. Bleaching paper to make it white has caused a lot of pollution. 46. Pollution from paper mills has destroyed many lake and rivers. 47. Since the 1980s, they have recycled more and more paper. 48. The lava has destroyed thousands of homes. 49. The Americans have evacuated the base. 50. The base provided thousands of jobs. 51. The volcano will effect the earth’s climate. 52. The government has published the latest crime figures. 53. Young people commit most crimes. 54. Last year the courts sent more people to prison. 55. The press has predicted an increase. 56. The figures will worry people. 57. The media are going to attack the government. 58. A special committee is studying the report. 59. They will present their ideas next month. 60. People would accept some big changes. 61. An American company makes these computers. 62. He wrote the program. 63. Someone has left the disk in the disk drive. 64. People should make backup copies. 65. Children mustn’t use these machines. 66. They are going to cut down forest. 67. She asked the boys to be quiet. 68. The police arrested the boy for setting fire to the factory. 69. Graham Bell invented the telephone. 70. People invented the telephone in 1876. 71. My sister cleans the room every day. 72. They are repairing my car. mention it: She was given bad advice. A mistake has been made. 3. Passive voice is often used when the agent is very general such as people or somebody. English is spoken here. The door should be locked. 4. Passive voice is often used when the speaker/writer wants to emphasize a result: Several thousand people were killed by the earthquake. 5. Passive voice is often used when the speaker/writer wants to keep the same subject for two or more verbs but this would not be possible if both verbs were the same voice (active or passive). For example, in a conversation about George, a speaker would probably use sentence a below rather than sentence b (both sentences are correct). a. George had several interviews before he was hired by a software company. b. George had several interviews before a software company hired him. 73. Someone attacked that boy in the street last night. 74. They were performing the play when we arrived at the theatre last night. 75. They have ordered some new equipment since the factory was rebuilt. 76. They had arranged some plans before they chose the new manager. 77. A passer-by took him home. 78. We will receive the gifts on Monday. 79. We didn’t send the reports last month. 80. Did you send the reports last month? 81. They have posted the letters. 82. Someone has locked the door. 83. She made a mistake in the examination. 84. People play football all over the world. 85. Our country exports rice and sugar. 86. We use ruler to draw a straight line. 87. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. 88. We write letters to our friends twice a month. 89. When did people invent television? 90. Walt Disney created Mickey Mouse. 91. When did people build that pyramid? 92. Teachers gave the students a lot of homework. 93. I have to park my car over there. 94. People held the 1998 World Cup in France. 95. My father waters this flower every morning. 96. John invited Fiona to the party last night. 97. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. 98. We should clean our teeth twice a day. 99. Our teacher has explained the English grammar. 100. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city. Comments . UNIT 4: EDUCATION SYSTEM (from period 18 to 22) A – READING  OBJECTIVES Aims: School education system in England Lexical items: Words / phrases related to education. Teaching. student to model.  T calls some pairs to act out the conversations  T gives feedback and comments.  T breaks the class into groups and tell them to talk about the school education system. search The words to find Education, school year, free, begin, end, public, system, grade, course, holiday, term, exam  Ask Ss to look at the words and guess what they are going to read. BEFORE