MEANING IN CONTEXT Work and employment 107 J ii Complete the following passage with words and phrases from the box, using a dictionary if necessary. return to work shop steward hallot on strike dispute sacking pickets layoff closes factory Workers at a Romford car factory went (a) yesterday following the (b) of two men for allegedly punching the foreman. The fight happened after an argument about last Sat- urday's football match between Millwall and West Ham. The two workers were immediately disciplined by the company and sent home. When he heard this, Don Bailey, the union (c) . called a meeting. The decision to take unofficial action was nearly unanimous, and (d) were placed at the factory gates to dis- courage people from enter- ing the works. The Manag- ing Director said he had no idea how long the (c) would con- tinue, but that if the men didn't (f) very soon, the company would be forced to (g) people (h) indef- initely. The union is holding a secret (i) on Thursday to decide whether to take __ official strike action. 10 Imagine you are in the following situations. What would you do? What should you do? a You are driving a large truck containing robots for a factory. You arrive at the gate, but there is a picket there because the workers are on strike following dismissal of 200 people because of automation. b You are the union shop steward at an insurance company. The Personnel Director calls you into the office to ask for your help with a problem: the company is losing money and needs to lay off ten people. 108 Work and employment ACTIVATE IT Write a brief report to go with one of the headlines below, using vocabularyjrom this unit, ~" n T ** * XT . „ J \ WOMAN MANAGING DIRECTOR ACCUSES RESIGNS AS COMPANY BOSSES OF CRASHES ( ( DISCRIMINATION AFTER JUNIOR MALE IS PROMOTED MAN MADE MANAGING DIRECTOR AFTER 12 YEARS ON DOIE FOCUS WORDS apply application bank clerk bank teller butcher career certificate checkout clerk conjurer contract (n) curriculum vitae (cv) dismiss dismissal dismissive dispute (n) dustman experience (n) factory worker increase (n) increase (v) interview (n) interview (v) job centre ob description abourer lay off lecturer managing director offer (v) offer (n) optician part-time job pension pensioner picket (n) pilot (n) plumber profession professional projectionist promote promotion qualification raise receptionist redundant redundancy reject rejection reprimand {n} reprimand (v) resign resignation retire retirement rise (n| roadsweeper sack sacking shop steward shortlist (n) shortlist {v) skill surgeon surveyor temporary job ticket collector traffic warden travelling salesman unemployment benefit vocation work (n) work |v) Work and employment 109 FOCUS PHRASES be/go on strike be/go on the dole hove your work cut out It's a good job make a good job of make someone redundant work out WORD CHECK Refer to Focus Words and Focus Phrases only. 1 How many different kinds of job are mentioned? Are there any which you would refuse to do? 2 Find at least three ways of stopping or having to give up working. 3 Write a short letter from a shop steward to a union official in which at least three of the Focus Phrases are used. 4 How many of the words with more than two syllables do not have the main stress on the second syllable? Where do they have it? 12 1 Read the questionnaire p- Leisure Questionnaire 1 How much real leisure time (or spare time) do you have: each working day? hours each weekend or national holiday? hours 2 Put your top four of Ihe following leisure time activities in order of preference (1 = favourite, 2 = next favourite, etc). participating in some kind of sport or physical exercise - which? __ ; •i watching sport in a stadium or on TV - which sport? playing some other game (e.g. cards) - which? reading - what? some kind of hobby - what? listening to music at home or in a concert hall - what kind of music? playing a musical instrument - which? going to the cinema or watching videos going to the theatre or opera watching TV - which programmes? dancing - where? going to cafes, restaurants, etc. with friends I I visiting new places other - what? L Compare your answers with a partner's. What are the main similarities and differences between the ways in which you [ike to spend your leisure time? Leisure, sport and entertainment ill WORD BUILDING 3 What are these people's hobbies called? COMPOUND WORDS Example: John weaves baskets: basket-weaving a Mary arranges flowers for display. b George collects stamps from different countries. c Beatrice paints with oil- paints. d Susan climbs rocks. e Dave skis on water. f Robert makes model planes. USING DICTIONARIES DEFINITIONS How are these materials and pieces of equipment used? In what hobbies might you use them? magnifying glass tripod needle rod easel album wetsuit loom clay wool glue net 112 Leisure, sport and entertainment b What do these people's hobbies involve? Use a dictionary where necessary. train-spotter pot-holer angler gambler canoeist ACTIVATE 0 In your opinion, which of the hobbies in exercises 3, 4 and 5, and which others, are: a most suitable for old people? b most suitable for disabled people? c least suitable for men? d least suitable for women? e best for children under ten? f most satisfying? I a Are you artistic? Are any members of your family or any of your friends artistic? In what ways? Use words from the box. play a musical instrument paint draw sing act dance b In your experience, do artistic people have a special physical appearance? If so, what do they look like? 0 Put the musical instruments being played by this band in order of loudness (1 =loudest, 9=quietist). Which three do you prefer, in what order? WORD FORMATION SUFFIXES MEANING RELATED MEANINGS Leisure, sport and entertainment 113 Jl Complete the table, using words witfi the endings -ist, -er, -or, etc. where necessary. A person who: plays the piano plays drums plays a violin plays a trumpet plays football plays tennis rides a bicycle collects stamps skis jumps from a plane using a parachute makes sculptures takes photographs plays chess Noun ID In which sports do people do the following? o wear goggles d strike out b ride on boards e do the crawl c get knocked out f make pit-stops 11 Which sports are played (and watched) in the following places? course stadium court poof ring track MEANING CONNOTATION li Which of the adjectives and expressions in the dialogue refer to enthusiasm for a sport or hobby, and which refer to ability? Put the italicized words and expressions in the appropriate box. Then tick, the strongest expressions in each box. DON: What are you doing this weekend, Sandra? Off to the beach again? You're a keen windsurfer, aren't you? SANDRA: Yes, I am, but this weekend we're going to the opera in London. My friend George is a real opera-lover. DON: An opera-lover? I thought you said he was mad about modern jazz. SANDRA: He's keen on all sorts of music . . . and quite a gifted pianist too. Are you musical, Don? DON: I listen to a lot of music at home. I'm a bit of a Mozart- freak, I suppose. I've been collecting records and compact discs of his major works for the last two years. I play the clarinet a bit. But I'm no good at it. . . 114 Leisure, sport and entertainment ACTIVATE SANDRA: And what about sport? You look quite athletic . . . DON: I used to be an obsessive tennis player, but I gave it up when I broke my ankle last year. SANDRA: Oh, I really love tennis. . . George says I'm a natural. Shall we have a game sometime? DON: Well I'm really rusry. I'll have to get a bit of practice first. . . SANDRA: Don't be silly I'm only a novice. We'll just have a friendly game. DON: OK. As long as you promise not to humiliate me I don't trust people who talk about 'friendly games'! . . . I've got to go now: there's an exhibition of paintings by Julie Croft, a friend of mine, opening tonight. . . SANDRA: Is she talented? DON: I'm no expert, but I think her work is brilliant. . . and she's only a Sunday-painter. See you on Monday. SANDRA: OK. Don't forget to bring your racket. We'll have a game after work . . . DON: It might rain , . . Enthusiasm Ability 10 Look at the pictures below. What leisure activities and hobbies do you think these famous characters enjoyed? Count Dracula Leisure, sport and entertainment us FOCUS WORDS act album angler artist artistic chess player clarinet clay course court cyclist dance design double bass draw drawing drum drummer easel expert Flower- arranging flute footballer gambler gifted glue goggles guitar guitarist keen knockout loom magnifying glass model- making musical needle net novice obsessive oil- painting painter painting parachutist photographer piano pianist pitstop pool pot- holer ring rock-climbing rod rusty saxophone sculpture sculptor sing sketch skier skiing stadium stamp- collecting stamp- collector strike out talented tennis^ player track train-spotter tripod trombone trumpet trumpeter violin violinist water-skiing wetsutt windsurf windsurfing woo! FOCUS PHRASES be a natural be a (Mozart/theatre) freak be a (Mozart/theatre) lover be good at be keen on be knocked out by be mad about be no good at do the crawl/breaststroke WORD CHECK Refer to Focus Words and Focus Phrases only. 1 Look at the list and identify the hobbies and other leisure activities that involve physical exercise of some kind. 2 Which of the tools and instruments are usually made mainly of wood? Which mainly of metal? What are the others made of? 3 Take the roles of a famous sculptor, a famous painter, a famous musician, and a famous dancer. Hold a balloon debate. All of you are in a balloon which is losing air and can only support the weight of one person. Discuss who should be thrown out of the balloon and who should survive. 4 Talk about someone you know well using at least three of the Focus Phrases. 13 Animals, plants and their habitats MEANING 1 Choose some of the words from the box to name the animals in the picture. donkey scorpion crocodile parrot cobra peacock tiger lizard monkey turtle spider wolf whale shark hedgehog dolphin tortoise frog fox L Look at the names of the animals which aren't in the picture. Are these animals similar to any that are in the picture? In what way? MEANING CONNOTATION 0 Which of the animals in the list is in your opinion: a the most dangerous? e the most useful? b the least dangerous? f the most intelligent? c the most beautiful? g the best? d the ugliest? h the worst? Why? MEANING RELATED MEANINGS T o Which of the animals in the list has the following? a shell fins a beak prickles a tail teeth b Which of them are poisonous? [...]... country sememenr region town counjy metropolis state city hamlet province 1 26 Towns and cities 1 All of the words in the box refer to an area of a town or city What do they mean? Do they have a positive, negative or neutral connotation? district WORD USE COLLOCATIONS shanty town ghetto slum Which words from column B can go with which words from column A? Use a dictionary if necessary A housing office flats... hibernation; birds swoop over the hills in the distance, heading for Africa  122 Animals, plants and their habitats 6 19 a What kind of climate would you expect to find in the pi aces shown? temperate arid subtropical tropical arctic b What animals would you expect to find living in each of these environments? Lv Place the words in italics from exercise 18 on the following lines, Land formation MfYTT... fauna of Mauritius can he said to he hanging on to its existence by its fingernails  120 Animals, plants and their habitats MEANING LP 14 o Using a dictionary if necessary, find the various different WORDS IN CONTEXT words in the text which Durrell has used instead of the following plants animals disappeared world b Which words in the text have the following meanings? i ii ill iv v very destructive an animal... tidiness of it all Anything would be better than that! f One of the charms of this particular village is its idyllic _ ACTIVATE setting deep in the Somerset countryside IL Using as many words as possible from exercises 5 to 1 0, describe a city, town or village that you either fove or hate Say why you feel this way  128 Towns and cities MEANING 13 Read the text Find the words in tt to match tfie numbers in... word means breathes fogged-up smack groan shrunk gasp clank-rattle crackle mangled snarled L a Which of the words in exercise 1 can describe noise? Which cannot? b Where would you put the 'noise' words on this line? QUIETEST J Which picture best matches the poem? Why? LOUDEST Towns and cities 125 The noise of the city in the morning breathes through the gap in the fogged-up window: it is the hydraulic... Animals, plants and their habitats FOCUS WORDS amphibian annihilate bark beak beast bitch bound bull burrow bush calf chick cliff cobra crawl crocodile crow cub dart deer den desert dolphin donkey drake duck duckling dune ewe fauna fin flora foal forest fox frog gallop globe grunt handful hedgehog hill hive hover howl insect jungle kenne! WORD CHECK 123 Refer to Focus Words only kitten lair lamb lizard mammal... other people agree with you? 2 Make up sentences about two different animals from the list 3 Which five of the new words in the list do you find most interesting? Why? 4 Look at the verbs in the list How many of them can be followed by a direct object (e.g sing a song)? What would usually follow the other verbs? 14 Towns USING A DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS and cities 1 Choose five words from the box below Use... environment caused by man Which of these statements do you agree with? Which do you disagree with? Discuss your opinion with a partner, and add any other statements that you agree with a More animai reserves should be created and more work should be done to help endangered species to breed in captivity b We can't afford to worry about animals when millions of human beings are starving c We shouldn't be too... pressure is put on the remaining species of birds and lizards because c imported plants tike the Chinese guava also cause difficulty because d Durrell uses words like 'incredibly', 'enormous' and 'unthinking' in order to ID Using some of the words and expressions in the text, write a few lines about the way in which man has treated the environment and animal and plant life in your country What do... the mongoose is described as 'sleek and deadly' Use adjectives from the box and some of your own words to describe other animals in this unit talkative playful clever cunning deadly affectionate stealthy huge frightening colourful stubborn timid Animals, plants and their habitats MEANING RELATED MEANINGS 121 15 Match the descriptions with the places sfiown in the photographs below and on the next page . Focus Phrases are used. 4 How many of the words with more than two syllables do not have the main stress on the second syllable? Where do they have it? 12 1 Read the questionnaire p- Leisure Questionnaire 1. existence by its fingernails. 120 Animals, plants and their habitats MEANING LP 14 o Using a dictionary if necessary, find the various different WORDS IN CONTEXT words in the text which. hibernation; birds swoop over the hills in the distance, heading for Africa. 122 Animals, plants and their habitats 6 19 a What kind of climate would you expect to find in the pi shown? aces temperate