Lecture1 Sentence Structure There two main points in this lecture: 1.1 Clause Elements (P15) 1.2 Basic Clause Types and Their Transformation and Expansion (P20) 1.1 Clause elements • A review on what is Clause: The clause (the simple sentence) : structurally a sequence of phrase logically a construction of “subject + predicate”. 1) Subject and predicate • A full-fledged clause can generally be divided into two parts: the subject and the predicate. Subject Predicate Henry is the most studious (diligent) in the class. All the men have done their best. Mr. Carter will investigate further. The subject: • the topic or theme of the sentence, tells of what the sentence is about (known information). • The subject is generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase The Predicate: • says something about the subject and bears the new information (the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader). • The construction of the predicate, which is more complicated, generally consists of a verb phrase with or without complementation. • Compound subject/ Compound predicate/ Double predicate 2) Two Ways of Sentence Analysis 1. To divide the predicate into predicate verb, object, complement and adverbial. These elements together with the subject make the five clause elements. Predicate 2. Predicate Verb 3. Object 4. Complement 5. Adverbial 1. Subject Five Clause Elements ﹢ 2. To divide the predicate into two parts: the operator and the predication. – The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase – The predication comprises the main verb with its complementation (object, complement or adverbial). 1.2 Basic Clause Types and Their Transformation and Expansion • In terms of the different combinations of clause elements, English clauses can be classified into seven basic types. • Innumerable authentic sentences are structured on the basis of these clause types. 1) Basic Clause Types • The seven basic clause types are: SV SVC SVA SVO SVOA SVOC SVoO These seven combinations of clause elements are wholly or largely determined by the Main Verb in the clause. [...]... investigate C6 the descriptions given by people were extraordinarily similar , fo r C7 who claimed to have seen the puma The Structure of Sentence 1 C2 Subordinate C4 C1 Subordinate Subordinate When Coordinate C3 as Subordinate that , for C5 , but, C6 Subordinate C7 The Structure of Sentence 1 Coordinate or d Su b C6 e at in C4 d or C2 C1 b Su r bo Su e at n di C5 in at e C3 C7 . Lecture1 Sentence Structure There two main points in this lecture: 1.1 Clause Elements (P15) 1.2 Basic Clause. best. Mr. Carter will investigate further. The subject: • the topic or theme of the sentence, tells of what the sentence is about (known information). • The subject is generally realized by a. elements, English clauses can be classified into seven basic types. • Innumerable authentic sentences are structured on the basis of these clause types. 1) Basic Clause Types • The seven basic