câu điều kiện: Loại 2: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai - ước muốn ở hiện tại. (Nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra được). If clause (simple past), main clause (would + infinitive) Ví dụ: If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half. If I were the president, I would build more hospitals. Chú ý: Ở câu điều kiện loại 2, trong vế "IF", to be của các ngôi chia giống nhau và là từ "were", chứ không phải "was". Comment on these situations. Use a type 2 conditional. 2. I don't know enough about the machine, so I can't mend it myself. __________________________________________________________________ 3. Nick can't find the way because he hasn't got a map. _________________________________________________________________ 4. Schroeder ignores Lucy. so she g ets angry at him. _________________________________________________________________ I can't look the word up because I haven't got a dictionary. _________________________________________________________________ 9. We don't visit our parents very often because they live so far away. _________________________________________________________________ 5. Not enough money is spent on cancer research, so a prevention has not been found. _________________________________________________________________ 2. I don't ride the bus to work every morning because it's always so crowded. _________________________________________________________________ Loại 3: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ. (nhưng thực tế không thể xảy ra được). If clause ( past perfect), main clause ( would + have done) Ví dụ: If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa. If we had found him earlier, we might/could have saved his life. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bracket. 1. didn't go into business with Sam. If I ……… (go) business With him, I (become) a success. 2. We got to the station in time to catch the train. If we (miss), it We (be) late for the meeting. 3. Mary and I weren't able to go on a honeymoon We (can/ go) away if my father ……. (not get) sick. 4. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. It_ (walk). (be) quicker if I (walk) 1. He didn't prepare for the interview, so he didn't get the job. __________________________________________________________ 2. We came home from our holiday early because we ran out of money. __________________________________________________________ 3. I can't take much exercise because I don't have enough free time. 4. Daniel really wanted to buy the book, but he didn't have enough money. __________________________________________________________ 5. My father didn't earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us. __________________________________________________________ The passive voice: Form: S + be +PP Tenses form Present simple S + is/ am are+ PP Past simple S+ was/ were +PP Present perfect S+ have/ has been PP Past perfect S+ had been PP Future S+ will be PP Present continuous S+ is/ am/ are being PP Past continuous S+ was/ were being PP Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: B1: xác định S- V- O trong câu B2: xác định thì của câu B3: đưa O của câu chủ động về làm S của câu chủ động B4: áp dụng công thức của thì trên bảng trên B5: đưa … của câu………………… về làm… của câu……………, trước O có từ “By” Lưu ý: - trạng ngữ ở trong câu có thể đặt ở…………………….câu. ex: many new roads are being built in this city. In this city, many new roads are being built. - đối với các chủ chủ ngữ ko rỏ rang như people, someone, somebody, they….khi chuyển về câu bị động ta có thể ko cần sử dụng…………………… Exercise: Rewrite these sentences to write a passive sentence. 1. Someone introduced me to Dr Felix last year. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. People are destroying large areas of 'forest every day. Large areas of forest…………………………………………………………………… 3. Somebody has bought the land next to our house. The land……………………………………………………………………………… 4. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877. The phonograph ______________________________________________________ 5. During the recession, the firm was making people redundant During the recession, people 6. The police found two children in the forest. Two children 7 The scientists are studying the problem carefully. The problem _________________________________________________________ 8. The students usually hold the concerts at the university. The concerts _________________________________________________________ *9. The manager always welcomes new employees. New employees ______________________________________________________ *10. Had a special messenger delivered the package before you. Had the package *11. Where will your company send you next year? Where will you _______________________________________________________ . earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us. __________________________________________________________ The passive voice: Form: S + be +PP Tenses form Present simple S + is/ am are+ PP Past. year. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. People are destroying large areas of 'forest every day. Large areas of forest…………………………………………………………………… 3. Somebody has bought the land next to our house. The. employees. New employees ______________________________________________________ *10. Had a special messenger delivered the package before you. Had the package *11. Where will your company send you next