 B. GIẢI BÀI TOÁN BẰNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ION RÚT GỌN: - Cần nắm bảng tan hay qui luật tan; điều kiện để phản ứng trao đổi ion xảy ra: Sau phản ứng phải có chất không tan (kết tủa), chất điện li yếu(H 2 O,CH 3 COOH…), chất khí. - Khi pha trộn hỗn hợp X(nhiều dung dịch bazơ) với hỗn hợp Y(nhiều dung dịch acid) ta chỉ cần chú ý đền ion OH - trong hỗn hợp X và ion H + trong hỗn hợp Y và phản ứng xảy ra có thể viết gọn lại thành: OH - + H + → H 2 O(phản ứng trung hòa) - Ta luôn có :[ H + ][ OH - ] = 10 -14 và [ H + ]=10 -a ⇔ pH= a hay pH=-log[H + ] - Tổng khối lượng dung dịch muối sau phản ứng bằng tổng khối lượng các ion tạo muối. Câu 1 ! "#$%&'( ))*+,+-!"#$!+).% !+)  /0  &(%&1#+(&2  34+5))*+63+72+))*+ 4859:)6+;$< A. 1 =9> 9 :9 (Trích-ĐTTS Đại học khối A năm 2007) Câu 2 ? @#$4 A!B=!+)CD1D+)11#+))*+, &>2  34+59E72+))*+!+)  /0  %+F7G!))*+,< '9>  =9  C. 75ml :9.(  (Trích-ĐTTS Cao đẳng khối B năm 2007) Câu 3E?. ))*+H =!305  &.%A!0&.%D ))*+ H   /0  &(%&.(%1#+)),9I2!*$+J!))*+,< A. 2 =9. 9> :9 (Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối B) Câu 4EK+2 !9 &L$-DL ))*+A0  .%!M . 2A0 N9 &L$-DL ))*+A0  .%  /0  &(%!M   2A09=OA0P$Q 4R)S&++72+42T+U49 V!W!M . M  1O< '9M  X&(M . =9M  X.&(M . 9M  XM . D. V 2 =2V 1 (Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối B) Câu 5 ! "#$%'( ))*+,+-!"#$!+) .%!+)  /0  &(%1#+(&2  34+5))*+63+72+) )*+4859:)+6+;$< '9 B. 1 9 :9> (Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối A) Câu 6G!!O.&(! "#$N?4 Y%'N.( ))*+ "#$+-!))*+.%  /0  &L%Z1#+))*+'&.L 242  34+59[\1# \4!1#+P!$-< '9& =9.&L 9>&L :9[O ]4+ Câu 7%?))*+'+-!  /0  ^ .9. ))*+' G!_!JNT( ))*+A!0&(%9AH?  "!+)< A. [HCl]=0,15M;[H 2 SO 4 ]=0,05M =9`aX&(%b`  /0  aX&(% 9`aX&(%b`  /0  aX&(% :9aX&.(%b`  /0  aX&.(% Câu 8 ))*+'+-!&.(%  /0  &(%$-_!JDM2 ))*+=+-!A!0&%=!305  &.%9I2!*+J!M< '9&(2 B. 0,125lít 9.&(2 :9.&(2 %c1d) .  Câu 9 ))*+'+-!A0  ^ .+)CD.  A!0.%e1#!+))1P!$-+)C_!JD( =!305  &%9 AH? ++!+)))*+'< '9`A0  aX&%b`aX&% =9`A0  aX&%b`aX&% 9`A0  aX&%b`aX&% D. [HNO 3 ]=0,4M;[HCl]=0,2M Câu 10E?( ))*+'+-!A0  &%&%D. ))*+ =+-!A!0.%=!305  &(%e))*+1#++;2e< A. Acid =9=!fg 9E2 :94h+*1#+ Câu 11L&>"#$ \!  =!  +)COD.2))*++-! A!  0  &(%3A  5  0  &(%P!&.! 4OJ!9E > =!305  .% ))*+P!$-9[\1#4OJ!72+42N!!< '9&L(! b>&LL2 B. 98,5gam; 26,88 lít 9L&(! b&>LL2 :9&L(! b&>LL2 Câu 12 ))*+'+-!.%A0  %+)CD ) )*++-!A!0&L%[03+1!NOH?5e1#+))*+9=Oi 7G!))*++F> .%9AH?[0< '9&% =9&(% C. 1,4M :9.&>% Câu 13. ))*+,+-!  /0  %%G!_!JNT. ))*+ 6H N!fgA!0=!305  Y!&! 4OJ!9AH?  "N!fg6 < '9`A!0aX&%b`=!305  aX.% =9`A!0aX%b`=!305  aX&.% 9`A!0aX&%b`=!305  aX&.% D. NaOH]=4M;[Ba(OH) 2 ]=1M Câu 14:)+;$X9F$!ZNi1D+N!F7+;))+;$X9 A. 10 =9. 9. :9. Câu 15:)A!0+;$X.+F$!ZN!F7+;))*++;$X A. 10 =9. 9. :9. Câu 16 ? @#$4 A!B=!+)CD1D+)11#+))*+, &>2  34+59E72+))!+)  /0  %+F)U7G!))*+,< '9.(  B. 75ml 9>  :9  Câu 17 ))*+'+-!A0  .%  /0  &%G!D))*+= +-!A!0%=!305  .%9E72+))*+=+F)U< '9&(2 =9&>2 9&2 D. 0,07 lít Câu 18"#$,H A!=!9G!! ! ,1D+1#+&>2  3T4+5 ))*+697G!j1#))*+6+FN!2))*+%< '9&.(2 =9&2 C. 0,075lít :9&.2 Câu 19:)*+,+-!A!0&>%=!305  &%9$+J!))*+,< A. 13 =9. 9. :9 Câu 20E?))*+,+-!A!0&.%b=!305  &%D))*+63&%b   /0  &.%5^72+7))*+1#++;$X.< A. V X :V Y =5:4 =9M , M 6 X( 9M , M 6 X( :9M , M 6 X> Câu 21:;)) "))*++^+-!.3k5.3B59+))*+ H =! k &% k &lN k &A! k &/0  B & B &A0  B &0  B 9;))*+P!m< '9=!/0  &A!&%0  &lN3A0  5  B. BaCl 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , MgSO 4 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 9=!3A0  5  &A!  /0  &%0  &lN  :9=!0  &A!A0  &%  &lN/0  Câu 22: E?.( ))%  &(%D( ))A!.%eH? n B  ))*+< '9% =9.&(% 9.&(% D. 1 M Câu 23:E?@))*+&%D  /0  &.%o..72+97 . ))*+1#++FN! ))*+=!305  &%9 %c1d)   '9( 9 =9( 9 9( 9 :9 >( 9 Câu 24:7 ))*+'+-!"#$!h&%  /0  &.(%+FM2))*++-!"#$A!0&%=!305  &.%9I*+J!M '9&.29 =9&(29 9&29 :9 &(29 Câu 25:7( ))*+'+-!"#$.%A0  &(%+F ( ))*++-!"#$A!0.%=!305  3%59I*+J! '9.%9 =9.&%9 9.&(%9 :9 % Câu 26: ))*++-!"#$&%A0  &.(%_! JD( ))*++-!"#$A!0 . 3%5=!305    3%59+Y) )*+P!$-1#+(&L! +Sp4!9I* .   F1# '9&.(%&(%9 =9&.%&.%9 9&%&.%9 :9&.%&%9 Câu 27:( ))*+'-!"#$=!305  &(%[0&(% _!J ))*+=+-!"#$ . 3%5  /0    3%59/!$- 1#+>&>! 4OJ!9I* .   F1# '9&(%&>%9 =9&L(%&(%9 9&>%&(%9 :9&(%.% Câu 28:%?))*+  /0  +;lX9AH? n2+J!))*+  /0   ))*+ '9. B %9 =9(9. B( %9 (9. B %9 :9[h+ *9 Câu 29::)'+-!"#$&(%  /0  &(%9I*l))*+' '9 =9.9 99 :9 .& Câu 30:E? ))*+&(%D ))*+  /0  &>(%1#+ > ))*+'9l+J!))*+' '9.&9 =9&9 9.9 :9 Câu 31:E? ))*+[0&(%D ))*+=!305  &(% 1#+L ))*+'9l+J!))*+' '9.9 =9.9 9.9 9 Câu 32:E?@( ))*+&.%D( ))*+A!0&.%9l+J! ))*+1#+ '99 =9.9 9L9 :9 9 Câu 33:  ))*+  /0  &.%+)CD ))*+A!0 3%51#+))*++;lX.9I*+J! '9&.%9 =9&%9 9&%9 :9 &%9 Câu 34:E?( ))*++-!"#$&L%  /0  &.%D(  ))*+A!0!%1#+( ))*++;lX.9I*! '9&.%9 =9&.%9 9&.%9 :9 9.%9 Câu 35:E?( ))+-!"#$H &L%  /0  &.%D(  ))*+=!305  !%1#+ ! 4OJ!( ))*++;lX.9E2 !9 '9&(>L! &(%9 =9&LL! &%9 9&(L(! &>%9 :9[O]4+9 %c1d)   Câu 36:  ))*+&(%.> ))*++-!Hd =!305  &L%[0&%9l+J!))*+1#+ '99 =99 9.9 :9 .9 Câu 37:E? ))*++-!"#$&.%  /0  &(%D  ))*+=!305  +;H?! n21#+ ! 4OJ!( ))*++; lX.9I*! F1# '9&.(%&! 9 =9&.(%&>! 9 9&%&(! 9:9[O]4+9 Câu 38:))*+'+-!"#$  /0  &.%A0  &%&))*+=+-! "#$=!305  &%[0&.%9qS!2))*+'+N2))*+= 1#+.2))*++;lX.9I*!&NF1# '9&(2&(29 =9&>2&29 9&2&>29 :9&2&29 Câu 39: ))*+,+-!"#$  /0  !%&.%+)CD  ))*+6+-!"#$=!305  N%[0&(%1#+&! 4O J!))*+r+;lX.9I*+J!!NF1# '9&.%&.%9 =9&%&%9 9&%&% :9&(%&(%9 Câu 40:! \r  &  'A0    01#+4OJ!sL& ! ))*+,;4+G' k W!9E ,&2))*+A!0 .%1#+4OJ!6s&((! ))*+r9420  )1))*+r 1#+4OJ! 442O4\1#481#++Sps &(! 9[\1#'A0  N!F '9.! 9 =9! 9 9(.! 9 :9 4O]4+9 Câu 41:%?))*+'+-!"#$'A0  &.%lN3A0  5  &(%&))*+= +-!"#$&%A!&(%9))*+=. ))*+'7 1#+4OJ!DS1#+ ! +Sp9E72+))*+=+F+. ))*+'*  '9L .&(! 9=9. &L(! 9 9. .&(! 9 :9L &L(! 9 Câu 42:%?"#$,H t    !1D++))*+'9! ' $FNi!9$F.+)CD&(2))*+'A0  &% 1#+.&! 4OJ!9$F+)CD))*+A!0)11#+4OJ!9 qS4OJ!442O4\1#481#+! +Sp9 [\1#+J!t    "#$, '9&(! &(! 9 =9>&(! L&.! 9 9.&>(! &(! 9 :9[O]4+9 Câu 43: E?. ))3H =!305&.%A!0&.%5D ))*+ 3H   /0  &(%&.(%5&1#+))*+,9I*$+J!))*+ ,  '99 =99 . .9 :. >9 Câu 449E72+))*+&%+F7. ))*+"#$A!0 &.%=!305  &.% '9. 9 =9.(  9  :9 (  Câu 4597( ))*+"#$&.%  /0  &%+FN! ))*+"#$H A!0&%=!305  &%< '9( 9 =9( 9 9.(  %c1d)   :9(  Câu 46.&(! ))=!305  u! ))+  /0  &v+Nw4OJ!9 7$F1D+v+ 1d!$)U.( ))A!0(u3)X.&Ln 59AH?u+J!))*+   /0  N!F '9u9 =9(u9 9u9 :9(.u Câu 47:7G!O! ))*+,3,t&&=&x5H?.&>u91d !$)U( ))*+A!0&%9:)*+!hT '9t =9 9= :9x Câu 48.%?))*++;+-!+!t k 3&. 5b' k 3& 5! B 3h 5b/0  B 3 59[++Y))*+1#+>& \4!9E*P\+J!h F1# '9&&(9=9&&9 9&&9 :9&.&(9 Câu 49.E?))*+  /0  &.%bA0  &%b&%DW72+Ni !1#+))*+'9qS ))*+'++)CD ?))*+=H  A!0&%[0&%71#+))*++;$X&9E72+))*+=Z )U '9&.29 =9&.2 9&.29 &.29 Câu 509 !  ?"#$A!  0  A!  /0  +)COD))*+  /0  %)1e1#+&"#$4234+5+;o4\\D9I*+J!  '9.&.>! 9 =9 &>! 9 9>& ! 9 :9>.&.! 9 Câu 51 : ))*+  /0  Z_!J( ))*++-!A!  0  !% A!  /0  N%&1#+&>2"#$0  /0  34+5))*+'9))*+ =!  )1))*+'1#+ ! 4OJ!9 +;* '5&(9 =9&(9 59 :9 &(9 Câu 52 ? QA!( ))*+.%&4Oy+2 1#+ & 242T34+5))*+,9+Y))*+,1#+ ! +Sp9 +; * '9&(! =9(&! 9&( :9&( Câu 53:  ! "#$%&'( ))*+,+-!"#$!h.% !h  /0  &(%&1#+(&2  3T4+5))*+63+72+))*+ 4859:)*+6+;$ '9.9 =9>9 99 :9 Câu 54:)*+,+-!++t k &/0  B &A  k & B 9!))*+,! $FNi! BlF ?+)CD1#)1))*+A!0&;1#+&>2423T 4+5.&! 4OJ!b BlF!+)CD1#)1))*+=!  &1#+&>>! 4OJ!9E84\ 1#++ \4!1#+4++Y))*+,3]e++Y+^+;1D+ N!g5 '9&! 9=9&! 99&>! 9:9&(! 9 Câu55!O&! "#$N?%&'Ni( ))*+"#$ .%  /0  &L%1#+))*+,L&>242  3T4+59+Y))*+ ,1#+1# \4! '9 L&! 9=9.&L(! 99(&(! 9:9&L>! 9 %c1d) (  Câu 567!&! "#$H t0&t  0  t  0  3;P\ t0NiP\ t  0  5&+F)U_!JM2))*+.%9I*+J!M '9 &9=9&.L99&L9:9&.>9 Câu 57&.! "#$,H N!4 Y%&'T)YN?+)C Dh1#+"#$6H ++h+;4\1#&! 9E72+ ))*+%_!J7$-OD6 '9 ( 9=9( 99( 9:9 9 Câu 58;++))*+NP!  >  ( BA  3$! +!5&  AB  B  B3A  5B00&  AB  B00& 00B  B  B3A  5B00&  AB  B00A!9 /\1#++))*++;$z '9 9=9(999:99 Câu 59M2))*+A!0%))*++-!&. '  3/0  5  &.    /0  O4$-&1#+&L! 4OJ!9I*DS+J!M7 1#+1#4OJ! '9 &(9=9&(99&(9:9&(9 Câu 60E?@M ))*+A!0&.%DM ))*+&%1#+ M ))*+69:)*+6+;$ '9 9=9999:9.9 Câu 61&! N?+)CD. ))*+"#$H A0  &L%   /0  &%9/!4++$-h!&P!M242A03P$Q 4R )S&T4+59I*+J!M '9 &>9=9&L99.&9:9&>9 Câu 62"#$N?H &! 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