GROUP: 12 1.Trịnh Thị Hồng Tươi 2.Trần Thị Như Ý 3. Phan Thị Kim Ngân 4. Phan Hồng Nhung Translation & Culture Outline: I. Introduction 1. Definition 2. Cultural categories II. Body 1. Ecology 2. Material culture 3. Social culture 4. Organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts 5. Gestures and habits III. Conclusion 1. Exercises 2. Suggestions I. Introduction 1. Definition: There’re 2 ways to define "culture” 1.1 In general: Culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notion of time, roles, spatial relationships, concept of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving 1.2 In Translation: Culture is defined as the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression.  Cultural words are words belong to cultural fields which are specific to a nation. 2. Cultural categories: including in 5 types: 2.1. Ecology 2.2. Material culture 2.3. Social culture 2.4. Organizations, customs, activities, procedures, concepts 2.5. Gestures and habits II. Body + Ruộng bậc thang: Terraced fields - terraced: form - fields: generic word Terraced fields is a form of cultivation on slopes of minorities in the Northern mountainous regions of Viet Nam + Honeysuckle: climbing plant with fragrant colorful flowers - climbing : form - plant: generic word - fragrant colorful flower: descriptive Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere.There are about 180 species of honeysuckle + Painted Bunting: Chim Painted Bunting - Chim: classifier - Painted Bunting: loan word Chim Painted Bunting là loài chim đẹp nhất ở Bắc Mỹ. Bộ lông sặc sỡ tuyệt đẹp: cái đầu màu xanh tím, lưng xanh lá, ức và bụng đỏ khiến loài này nổi bật nhưng cũng khó để phát hiện vì chúng thường ẩn trong những tán lá thậm chí khi chúng hót. Bộ lông của những con mái và chim chưa trưởng thành có màu xanh lá, vàng-xanh để nguỵ trang. 2. Material culture a) Food: food is for many the most sensitive and important expression of natural culture; food terms are subject to the widest variety of translation and interpretation procedure. Examples: + Rượu cần: wine drunk out of a jar through pipes - wine: generic word - drunk out of a jar through pipes: form This wine is very popular among the highlanders especially in Tây Nguyên. b) Clothes: Clothes as cultural terms may be sufficiently explained for TL general readers and listeners if the generic noun or classifier is added. Examples: + Hanbok: the traditional Korean dress - the traditional Korean: function - dress: generic word Hanbok is often characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets. It is worn during traditional festivals and celebrations. . tím, lưng xanh lá, ức và bụng đỏ khiến loài này nổi bật nhưng cũng khó để phát hiện vì chúng thường ẩn trong những tán lá thậm chí khi chúng hót. Bộ lông của những con mái và chim chưa trưởng. lá thậm chí khi chúng hót. Bộ lông của những con mái và chim chưa trưởng thành có màu xanh lá, vàng-xanh để nguỵ trang. 2. Material culture a) Food: food is for many the most sensitive and