84 Chapter Figure 4-12 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Authentication screen Authentication By default, Use shadow passwords and MD5 are selected Both of these options provide increased system security and should be used unless you have good reason not to use them If you want to use any of the other services available from this screen, click the tab for the service you want to use The following services are available ■■ NIS — This acronym stands for Network Information Service (or system depending on whom you ask) and was developed by Sun Microsystems to provide a distributed database of system resources and authorized users If you want to use NIS, click the enable NIS check box and enter the name of your NIS domain and sever information See Chapter 13 for more details about NIS Kickstart Installation ■ ■ LDAP — LDAP is an acronym for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol and is used to provide single sign-on services for users LDAP is based on the X.500 directory standard and uses a systemwide database of resources and authorized users To use LDAP click the Enable check box and enter your LDAP server and base names You can learn more about LDAP in Chapter 17 ■ ■ Kerberos — Kerberos is the mythical three-headed dog that guarded the gates to the underworld It is also the name chosen by the MITbased group for their network authentication system To use Kerberos click the enable check box and enter your Kerberos realm, domain controller, and master server names You can learn more about Kerberos in Chapter 17 ■ ■ Hesiod — Hesiod was a poet from ancient Greece and also the name chosen by the MIT group for their network database that was based on DNS and used to provide information across the network To use Hesiod click the Enable check box and enter the domain prefix in the LHS field and the Hesiod domain in the RHS field For more information about Hesiod read the hesiod.conf man page ■ ■ SMB — SMB is an acronym for Server Message Block, which is the protocol used by Microsoft for its networking implementation If you want to use Samba, you need to install the Samba package on your system to use SMB This option only enables SMB authentication To enable SMB authentication, click the Enable check box and enter the names of the SMB servers and workgroup You can learn more about SMB in Chapter 14 ■ ■ Name Switch Cache — To use this service, click the Enable nscd check box NSCD is the daemon that handles requests for password and group lookups and caches this information Caching provides faster response for future lookups For more information about NSCD, read the nscd main page After you have made your choices, click Firewall Configuration on the left to open the Firewall Configuration dialog box, as shown in Figure 4-13 85 86 Chapter Figure 4-13 The Kickstart Configurator program window showing the Firewall Configuration dialog box Firewall Configuration From this dialog box, you can set the level of security you want on your system You can make your choices from the following fields ■■ Security Level — Either enable or disable the firewall for your system by clicking the down arrow in the Security Level field and choosing one or the other If the firewall is enabled, it will allow only inbound traffic in response to outbound requests Choosing Disable firewall allows remote systems to access any services on your system that are running Unless your system is already protected by another firewall it is probably a good idea not to disable the firewall ■■ Trusted devices — If you configured a NIC earlier, this device is listed in this field Click the check box for the device to allow any connections to the selected device ■■ Trusted services — If you check the check box in front of a listed service, requests for that service are accepted by your system Kickstart Installation ■ ■ Other ports — In this field you can enter specific ports to open to allow incoming traffic The example shows 1029:tcp, which means that incoming TCP traffic on port 1029 is allowed You can specify whatever ports you need based on the services you plan to provide For example, if you were going to run a VNC server you would want to open ports 590x After you have made your choices, click Display Configuration on the left to open the Display Configuration dialog box shown in Figure 4-14 Display Configuration If you plan to use a graphical interface, you need to configure the X window system and your system display After the Display Configuration dialog box opens, click the Configure the X Window system check box After you this, the three tabs become selectable, and you need to enter the appropriate information for each tabbed screen Figure 4-14 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Display Configuration dialog box 87 88 Chapter On the General tab you can set the color depth, or number of colors your system will display The screen resolution is the size of the screen you want displayed Click the down arrow next to the fields and choose the desired values from the drop-down lists Also choose the default desktop, either Gnome or KDE Gnome is selected as the default choice If you want the X Window system to start at system boot, click the check box Choosing this option gives the user a graphical login window instead of a console login terminal Finally, you can choose whether you want to run the Firstboot program the first time the system boots Make your choice by clicking the down arrow next to the field and clicking what you want N OT E If you are installing the desktop or workstation versions of Fedora Core or Enterprise Linux, it is probably a good idea to start the X Window system and enable the Firstboot option This will give your users the opportunity to easily fine-tune their displays When you have finished configuring the General settings, click the Video Card tab to open the Video Card dialog box shown in Figure 4-15 Figure 4-15 The Kickstart Configurator program window showing the Video Card dialog box Kickstart Installation The default selection here is to have the installation program probe for the video card installed in the system This is nearly always a good choice for most video cards, especially cards produced within the last two or three years You can disable this option by removing the check from the check box If you disable probing for the video card, you will have to select the appropriate card from the list of cards and set the amount of video memory When you finish configuring your video card, click the Monitor tab to open the Monitor dialog box shown in Figure 4-16 Figure 4-16 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Monitor dialog box The default selection here is to have the installation program probe for the monitor installed in the system This is nearly always a good choice for most monitors, especially monitors produced within the last two or three years You can disable this option by removing the check from the check box If you disable probing for the monitor, you will have to select the appropriate monitor from the list of cards Rather than selecting a monitor, you may set the vertical and horizontal sync of your monitor if you know it 89 90 Chapter When you have finished configuring your monitor, click Package Selection from the list on the left to open the Package Selection dialog box shown in Figure 4-17 Figure 4-17 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Package Selection dialog box Package Selection From the Page Selection dialog box, you can select the packages you want to install on your system Click the box in front of the package name to select it By default, the installation automatically resolves package dependencies and installs additional packages if required You can choose to ignore dependencies by selecting this option, and no additional packages will be installed to resolve dependency problems There is a possibility that your selected packages may not work with unresolved dependencies, so it is best to let the installation program automatically resolve the dependency Kickstart Installation N OT E If you aren’t sure about which packages to select to install, you can refer to the acaconda-ks.cfg file to see which packages were selected for installation Remember that the packages installed are based on the type of installation you chose when you installed For example, if you chose a workstation install, then the anaconda-ks.cfg file would show the packages installed for that type When you have finished selecting your packages, click Pre-Installation Script from the list on the left to open the Pre-Installation Script dialog box shown in Figure 4-18 Figure 4-18 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Pre-Installation Script dialog box Pre-Installation Script If you want to have commands run on your system before the installation starts, you can enter them in the area indicated on the screen The system parses the Kickstart file and then runs your commands before beginning the 91 92 Chapter installation You can have your script interpreted by the scripting language of your choice by selecting the Use an Interpreter option and entering the interpreter to use After you have entered your information, if any, click Post-Installation Script from the list on the left to open the Post-Installation Script dialog box shown in Figure 4-19 Post-Installation Script If you want to have commands run on your system after the installation ends, you can enter them in the area indicated on the screen If you desire, you can have the post-installation script run outside of the chroot environment by selecting this option A chroot environment is basically a minimal root file system created within the actual root file system The minimal root environment lets your programs run, but prevents anyone from doing any damage to your actual root file system Also, you can have your script interpreted by the scripting language of your choice by selecting the Use an Interpreter option and entering the interpreter to use Figure 4-19 The Kickstart Configurator program window, showing the Post-Installation Script dialog box Kickstart Installation After you have entered your information here, you are finished configuring the Kickstart configuration file Choose File ➪ Save File to save all your work Be sure to name the file ks.cfg if it isn’t already named that in the Save File dialog box Starting the Kickstart Installation After you have completed configuring your ks.cfg file, you are ready to use it to your installation But, before you can begin a Kickstart installation, there are a few additional steps that you need to These steps are: ■ ■ You must place a copy of the configuration file in one of three locations The file can be placed on a bootable floppy, a bootable CD-ROM, or a network drive ■ ■ You need to make the installation tree available The installation tree is a copy of the Fedora Core or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROMs with the same directory structure For a CD-ROM installation, you can put the Installation CD into the CD-ROM drive For a hard drive or network installation, you need to have the ISO images of the binary Fedora Core or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROM accessible from those locations ■ ■ If you are planning to use a bootable floppy or CD-ROM to start the Kickstart installation, you will have to make those bootable disks Also, if you are planning to place the ks.cfg file on a bootable floppy or CD-ROM, you can it when you create the bootable floppy or CD-ROM N OT E You need to be logged in as the root user (or su to become root) to create the bootable disks Creating a Bootable Floppy To create a bootable floppy, follow these instructions: Place the Red Hat Linux Installation CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive The CD will be automatically mounted and will appear in the /media/CDROM directory Change to the images directory on the CD Place a floppy disk into your floppy drive At a terminal prompt, enter dd=didiskboot.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k 93 Exploring the Desktops Directly in the center of the window is the login field This is where you enter your username and password to login To login, the following: Type your username Press Enter Type your password Press Enter again Logging In and Using the GNOME Desktop In this section you log in to the GNOME desktop and some exploring to help you become familiar with its features As mentioned earlier, the GNOME desktop is installed as the default desktop, so to enter GNOME, you can just enter your username and password in the graphical login window without having to make any choices from the four options, as explained in the preceding section N OT E The GNOME desktop in Fedora Core is slightly different from the GNOME desktop in Enterprise Linux because they use different versions of GNOME These differences are related to the menus displayed at the top of the desktop and are explained in this chapter After entering your username and password, you see the Fedora Core GNOME desktop, as shown in Figure 5-2 The GNOME desktop has a similar appearance to other well-known desktop environments such as MS Windows or Mac OS X If you can use either of these desktops, you can easily master GNOME in a short time Notice that the GNOME desktop has a rather clean, almost Spartan, appearance The three icons in the upper-left corner of the desktop are links to your home directory, the system trash can that holds your deleted files until you empty the trash, and the Computer icon that opens the Nautilus graphical shell The Nautilus File Manager gives you access to your files and directories so that you can typical file management tasks such as copying and moving files In addition to regular file management tasks, the Nautilus File Manager lets you perform desktop management as well You look more closely at Nautilus later in this chapter This list provides a closer look at these icons: ■ ■ Computer — This icon also opens a Nautilus window the system Your system devices may be different The Computer window on my system contains four icons that are links to the following options: 99 100 Chapter ■■ Floppy Drive — The Floppy Drive icon is a link to the folder that contains the system mount point for the floppy drive Double-clicking this icon displays the contents of the floppy disk that you inserted in the floppy drive ■■ CD-R Drive — The CD-R Drive icon is a link to the folder that contains the system mount point for the CD-R drive Double-clicking this icon displays the contents of the CD-ROM disk that you inserted in the CD-R drive ■■ Filesystem — This icon is a link to the file system Double-clicking this icon opens a new window displaying the root directory of the file system ■■ Network — Clicking the Network icon gives you access to the network file systems Any files or directories that are available across your network are shown here Figure 5-2 The Fedora Core GNOME desktop after logging in for the first time Exploring the Desktops ■ ■ Home directory — This icon is a link to the user’s home directory The name of the user shown on the desktop corresponds to the user who is logged in For example, Figure 5-2 shows the icon labeled as terry’s Home because I logged in with that username You can double-click this icon — or right-click and choose Open from the contextual menu — to open a window that displays the user’s home directory If you rightclick and choose Browse Folder, a File Browser window opens ■ ■ Trash — This icon is a link to the system trash can You can drag any icon, file, or directory and drop it here When you’re ready to empty the trash, just right-click and select Empty Trash from the contextual menu Playing with the Panel At the top and bottom of the desktop is a gray, horizontal bar This area of the desktop is the panel and is similar to the taskbar in Windows The left side of the top panel differs slightly between the Fedora Core version and the Enterprise Linux version because Fedora Core and Enterprise Linux use different versions of GNOME The description here will explain the differences On the far left of the top panel of both Enterprise Linux and Fedora Core is the Applications icon, indicated by the word Applications and the Red Hat icon To the right of the Applications icon is an Actions menu on Enterprise Linux that contains some actions you can perform, such as locking the desktop or logging out To the right of the Applications icon on a Fedora system is the Places menu that gives you access to your file system and other locations such as a remote computer or network connection To the right of the Places menu is the Desktop menu that gives you access to system settings and preferences and also lets you log out To the right of the Actions menu on Enterprise Linux and the Desktop menu on Fedora are icons representing programs that were installed during the system installation You can start any of these programs by clicking them from the panel Just move your mouse over any icon, and a pop-up message appears with a description of the program represented by the icon At the far right of the top panel is a small speaker icon that you can click to open a slider box to change the system volume setting To the left of the speaker icon is the date and time display You can change the system date and time properties by right-clicking on the date and time display and selecting your choice from the pop-up context menu If you left-click on the date and time display a small calendar windows opens and displays the current month Click again to close the calendar To the left of the date and time display is the system status icon, which shows update status for the system This icon can be shown as a blue check mark, a red exclamation point, green arrows, or a gray question mark 101 102 Chapter C R O S S-R E F E R E N C E Refer to Chapter 26 for more information about the system status icon and how to update your system At the far right of the bottom panel is a square gray area — the Workspace Switcher — that is divided into four sections When you first log in to GNOME the leftmost section of Workspace Switcher should be blue, indicating that you are in workspace one You can switch between four workspaces in GNOME, so you actually get four distinct desktops that you can use You can open different programs on the different desktops and switch between them by clicking the Workspace Switcher for the desktop that you want to see Open some programs on the different desktops and then try clicking each of the four squares to see the effect of changing to a different workspace On the far left of the bottom panel is a Close Window icon that will hide, if visible, all open windows on the desktop If the windows are already hidden, clicking this icon displays the windows The open area on the bottom panel between the Workspace Switcher and the Close Window icon is used to show any programs that you’re running on your desktop You can switch between programs running on a single desktop by clicking the program name from the bottom panel Also shown in this area are icons that you can add to the panel as well as applets — applications that provide some type of useful information or entertainment Managing Applets on the Panel The icons on the top and bottom panels are small programs called applets that have a variety of uses For example, there is a weather applet that you can place on the panel to give you weather forecasts for any area you desire In addition to the applets that are already on the panel, you can add your own You also can move applets that are already there or delete them to make more room To add applets to the panel, the following: Right-click an empty area of the panel Choose Add to Panel from the contextual menu Choose the applet that you want to add Click Add to add it to the panel To move applets to another location on the panel: Right-click the applet you want to move Click Move from the contextual menu Drag the applet to the desired location Click to release the applet to its new location Exploring the Desktops To remove an applet from the panel: Right-click the applet you want to remove Choose Remove from Panel from the contextual menu To modify the properties of an applet (or the panel): Right-click the applet (or an empty area of the panel) Choose Properties from the contextual menu Change the parameters in the Properties dialog box Click Close to accept your changes and close the Properties dialog box T I P Right-clicking the panel or any applets on it presents a contextual menu, which gives you access to Help and some useful utilities for panel configuration Contextual menus may be different, depending on the type of applet that you’re selecting Choosing Items from the Applications Menu in Fedora Core The Applications menu, represented by the Red Hat icon, is on the far-left corner of the top panel The Applications menu button gives you access to a large number of applications Click the Red Hat icon to open the Applications menu, and you see a menu, as shown in Figure 5-3, listing the many categories of applications from which you can choose Notice that many of the categories contain a right-pointing arrow Moving your cursor over categories with a right-pointing arrow opens additional menus from which you can choose even more applications in that category There are probably more than 100 applications from which you can choose, many more than we can describe in this chapter However, we provide a brief description of the main category of applications here so you can have some idea what they Begin by starting at the top of the menu and then work your way toward the bottom ■ ■ Accessories — Here you can find applications that don’t fit well into the other categories, such as the calculator, as well as some text editors ■ ■ Graphics — This menu choice contains graphical programs Here you find image viewing and editing applications ■ ■ Internet — Here you will find applications related to the Internet For example, the Web browsers are located here as well as an FTP program 103 104 Chapter ■■ Office — This menu choice gives you access to the OpenOffice.org office suite The OpenOffice suite contains word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation software, and much more You can also start several of the OpenOffice applications by clicking the icons on the left side of the panel ■■ Sound & Video — Choosing this item gives you access to programs and utilities related to system sound and video For example, if you want to adjust the system volume, use the utility here ■■ System Tools — This menu choice gives you access to many Enterprise Linux system administration utilities You explore many of these tools in other chapters of this book ■■ Run Application — This menu item opens a dialog box where you can enter the name of a program that you want to run Figure 5-3 The Applications menu on the GNOME desktop in Fedora Core Exploring the Desktops Choosing Items from the Places Menu in Fedora Core The Places menu in Fedora Core is where you can choose the locations you want to view or go to Figure 5-4 shows the Places menu Items on this menu include: ■ ■ Home Folder — This menu item opens the home folder of the user who is logged in to the system ■ ■ Desktop — This menu item gives you a quick way to get to your desktop It is really useful when you have several windows open and want to go to the desktop without having to close the open windows ■ ■ Computer — This menu item opens the computer folder of the user who is logged in to the system ■ ■ Connect to Server — Choosing this menu item opens the Nautilus File Manager and displays any network servers that you can connect to ■ ■ Search for Files — Choosing this menu item opens a file search dialog box ■ ■ Recent Documents — Documents that you have recently opened appear in this list Figure 5-4 The Places menu in Fedora Core lets you choose places to go 105 106 Chapter Choosing Items from the Desktop Menu in Fedora Core Items you can choose from the Desktop menu let you make changes to your system preferences and settings You can also get systemwide help and lock your desktop and log out Figure 5-5 shows the Desktop menu The following items are available on the Desktop menu: ■■ Preferences — This menu choice opens the System Preferences window Most of the GNOME settings can be modified with this menu choice Selecting this from the menu is the same as double-clicking the Computer icon on the desktop ■■ System Settings — This menu item contains Enterprise Linux system administration utilities and some GNOME configuration utilities as well ■■ Help — This menu item opens the Help browser You can get help on using GNOME by choosing this item ■■ About GNOME — Choosing this item gives you information about the GNOME version you are using Figure 5-5 The Desktop menu in Fedora Core lets you change system preferences Exploring the Desktops ■ ■ Lock Screen — This menu option starts your system screensaver and locks your desktop Move your mouse or press a key to open a dialog box that lets you enter your password to unlock the desktop ■ ■ Log Out — Choosing Log Out opens a dialog box giving you the option to log out, shut down, or restart the computer Select the radio button of your choice, and then click OK Choosing Items from the Applications Menu on Enterprise Linux The Applications menu, represented by the Red Hat icon, is on the far-left corner of the top panel The Applications menu button gives you access to a large number of applications Click the Red Hat icon to open the Applications menu, and you see a menu, as shown in Figure 5-6, listing the many categories of applications from which you can choose Notice that many of the categories contain a right-pointing arrow Moving your cursor over categories with a right-pointing arrow opens additional menus from which you can choose even more applications in that category There are probably more than 100 applications from which you can choose, many more than we can describe in this chapter However, we provide a brief description of the main category of applications here so that you can have some idea what they Start at the top of the menu and then work your way toward the bottom Figure 5-6 The Applications menu on the GNOME desktop in Enterprise Linux 107 108 Chapter T I P Your Applications menu might not be exactly as described in this section, depending on the type of system (Desktop, Workstation, Server) that you have installed ■■ Accessories — Here you can find applications that don’t fit well into the other categories, such as the calculator, as well as some text editors ■■ Graphics — This menu choice contains graphical programs Here you find image viewing and editing applications ■■ Internet — Here you will find applications related to the Internet For example, the Web browsers are located here as well as an FTP program ■■ Office — This menu choice gives you access to the OpenOffice.org office suite The OpenOffice suite contains word processing, spreadsheet, presentation software, and much more You can also start several of the OpenOffice applications by clicking the icons on the left side of the panel ■■ Preferences — This menu choice opens the System Preferences window Most of the GNOME settings can be modified with this menu choice Selecting this from the menu is the same as double-clicking the Computer icon on the desktop ■■ Programming — This menu item gives you access to some programs that can be used for debugging programs ■■ Sound & Video — Choosing this item gives you access to programs and utilities related to system sound and video For example, if you want to adjust the system volume, use the utility here ■■ System Settings — This menu item contains Enterprise Linux system administration utilities and some GNOME configuration utilities as well ■■ System Tools — This menu choice gives you access to many Enterprise Linux system administration utilities You explore many of these tools in other chapters of this book ■■ File Browser — This menu item is a link to the Nautilus File Manager and opens in the user’s home directory ■■ Help — This menu item opens the Help browser You can get help on using GNOME by choosing this item ■■ Network Servers — Choosing this menu item opens the Nautilus File Manager and displays any network servers that you might have Exploring the Desktops T I P Fedora Core and Enterprise Linux offer you several ways to start applications You can click the Applications menu icon in the left corner of the panel You can also start any executable application by double-clicking its icon from the Nautilus File Manager Choosing Actions from the Actions Menu in Enterprise Linux To the right of the Applications menu is the Actions menu, as shown in Figure 5-7 Items on this menu, listed from top to bottom, include the following: ■ ■ Run Application — This menu item opens a dialog box where you can enter the name of a program that you want to run ■ ■ Search for Files — Choosing this menu item opens a file search dialog box Figure 5-7 The GNOME Actions menu in Enterprise Linux 109 110 Chapter ■■ Recent Documents — Documents that you have recently opened appear in this list ■■ Take Screenshot — You can use this menu choice to capture an image of your current display ■■ Lock Screen — This menu option starts your system screensaver and locks your desktop Move your mouse or press a key to open a dialog box that lets you enter your password to unlock the desktop ■■ Log Out — Choosing Log Out opens a dialog box giving you the option to log out, shut down, or restart the computer Select the radio button of your choice and then click OK Using the Nautilus File Manager The Nautilus File Manager is a graphical shell for GNOME You can use Nautilus not only to manage the files and directories on your system but also to perform many GNOME and system configurations With Nautilus, you can even access your system applications To start the Nautilus File Manager, use any of the following methods: ■■ In Enterprise Linux select File Browser from the Applications menu In Fedora Core choose System Tools ➪ File Browser ■■ Right-click any folder and choose Browse Folder from the contextual menu Using either of these methods will open the Nautilus File Manager, as shown in Figure 5-8 A brief explanation of the items on the Nautilus File Manager window is in order: ■■ Menu bar — At the top of the window is the menu bar, which is similar to menu bars from other programs From the menu bar, you can access choices for performing various actions ■■ Toolbar — Below the menu bar is the toolbar The toolbar holds buttons that you can use to perform the actions such Back, Forward, and Reload ■■ Location bar — The location bar contains a text field where you can enter a file, folder, or FTP site to go to The location bar also has a zoomin and a zoom-out button (magnifying glass icons) with which you can change the size of items Finally, the View As Icons drop-down list lets you choose how you want to view the items Exploring the Desktops Figure 5-8 The Nautilus File Manager window ■ ■ Window panes — Beneath the location bar, the Nautilus window is divided into two panes The left, smaller pane (Information) shows a drop-down list that lets you choose what is displayed about items appearing in the larger, right pane If you choose Tree from the list, you can see your entire file system tree in the left pane The larger, right pane displays the contents of the files or directories that you’re viewing Note: All directories appear as folders in Nautilus You can view the contents of folders as either a list or as icons by choosing from the View As Icons drop-down list (in the location bar) You can also access FTP sites by entering the URL into the location text area ■ ■ Status bar — At the bottom of the Nautilus window is the status bar, which displays status information about the files or folders that you are viewing ■ ■ Resize handle — In the lower-right corner is a handle that you can use to resize the window Move your mouse over the handle and then click and drag to resize the window Release the mouse button when the window is the desired size T I P When using the Nautilus File Manager, all directories are shown as folders For the remainder of this section, we refer to directories as folders 111 112 Chapter Displaying Your Home Folder If you start Nautilus by using one of the methods explained earlier, Nautilus opens to your home folder However, if you changed folders while in Nautilus, you might want to return to your home folder You can this in one of two ways: ■■ Choosing Go ➪ Home from the Nautilus menu bar ■■ Clicking the Home icon on the Nautilus toolbar If you want to refresh the display, click Reload on the toolbar Displaying the Contents of a Folder You can easily move from one folder to another in Nautilus Again, you have more than one way to navigate through your file system ■■ Double-click the folder — If the folder that you want to view is visible in the large, right pane of the Nautilus window, you can open it by double-clicking it ■■ Enter the location — You can enter the name of the folder that you wish to view by typing it into the location bar text field ■■ Use the tree view — Choose Tree from the drop-down list in the small, left pane of the Nautilus window and select the folder that you wish to view ■■ Use the Search tool — Click the Actions menu button and choose Search for Files from the menu To move forward and backward through your file system, you can use the Forward and Back buttons from the toolbar or you can choose Go ➪ Forward/Back from the menu bar To move up a level, you can use the Up button on the toolbar or you can choose Go ➪ Up from the menu bar Opening Files Whenever you double-click a file, Nautilus is configured by default to perform some type of action on the file, depending on the type of file Nautilus either opens the file by using a preconfigured viewer or runs the file if it is an executable file Exploring the Desktops Nautilus has been configured to open the following types of files in the large, right pane: ■ ■ Graphic image files — Nautilus automatically displays a small icon of the graphic image, typically called a thumbnail, in the folder view Double-clicking the thumbnail opens the file in the left window Click the Back button on the toolbar to return to the folder view Nautilus can display GIF, JPEG, and PNG images ■ ■ Text files — Nautilus opens any text files in the default text editor, which is gedit With gedit you can edit the text as you desire When you are finished, close gedit by clicking File ➪ Exit or click the X in the upper-right corner of the gedit window Accessing FTP Sites You can use the Nautilus File Manager to access an FTP site All you need to is enter the URL of the site in the location bar text field If you need to log in to the site, you can use the following syntax ftp://username:password@hostname.domain You can drag and drop files to move them from the FTP site to your desired folder Using Bookmarks With Nautilus, you can use bookmarks to keep track of your favorite locations You can bookmark files, folders, and FTP sites as desired Adding a Bookmark To add a bookmark, the following: Click the item that you wish to bookmark Choose Bookmarks ➪ Add Bookmark from the menu bar Editing Bookmarks To edit a bookmark, the following: Choose Bookmarks ➪ Edit Bookmarks to open the Edit Bookmarks dialog box, as shown in Figure 5-9 113 ... related to system sound and video For example, if you want to adjust the system volume, use the utility here ■■ System Tools — This menu choice gives you access to many Enterprise Linux system administration. .. and time display is the system status icon, which shows update status for the system This icon can be shown as a blue check mark, a red exclamation point, green arrows, or a gray question mark... section, depending on the type of system (Desktop, Workstation, Server) that you have installed ■■ Accessories — Here you can find applications that don’t fit well into the other categories, such