Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment (Part 7) Nutritional Status Assessment Full nutritional status assessment is reserved for seriously ill patients and those at very high nutritional risk when the cause of malnutrition is still uncertain after initial clinical evaluation and dietary assessment. It involves multiple dimensions, including documentation of dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements of blood and urine, clinical examination, health history, and functional status. For further discussion of nutritional assessment, see Chap. 72. Global Considerations New nutrient-based terminologies with dietary reference intakes have been developed not only in North America, but in the United Kingdom and Europe, and by the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (WHO/FAO). These different standards have many similarities in their basic concepts, definitions, and levels of nutrients recommended, but there are some differences, owing to assumptions made, functional criteria chosen, the timeliness of the evidence reviewed, and expert judgment. Further Readings Gibson RS: Principles of Nutritional Assessment , 2d ed. Oxford University Press, London, 2005 Murphy SP et al: Multivitamin- multimineral supplements’ effect on total nutrient intake. Am J Clin Nutr 85(1): 280S, 2007 Shils ME et al (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease , 10th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005 Bibliography Standing C ommittee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, National Academy Press, 2001 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, National Academy Press, 2000 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, National Academy Press, 1997 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, National Academy Press, 1999 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, National Academy Press, 2000 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes: Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, National Academy Press, 2002 ———: Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, National Academy Press, 2004 WHO/FAO: Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Rome, FAO, 2002 . Chapter 070. Nutritional Requirements and Dietary Assessment (Part 7) Nutritional Status Assessment Full nutritional status assessment is reserved for seriously ill patients and those. high nutritional risk when the cause of malnutrition is still uncertain after initial clinical evaluation and dietary assessment. It involves multiple dimensions, including documentation of dietary. Health and Disease , 10th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005 Bibliography Standing C ommittee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition