Pound, Roscoe, 794 Pribram, Karl, 85, 412 Price, Langford Lovell Frederick, 1089 Price, Richard, 254, 327 Price, W.H., 345 Priestley, Joseph, 131, 132 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 139, 457 Pufendorf, Samuel von, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 182, 185, 305, 308 Quesnay, François, and natural law, 138, 228, 229; and Smith, 192, 236; income analysis, 213, 235, 287–8; monetary theory, 216, 234; and Petty, 218; and Cantillon, 218, 220, 222–3; value theory, 220, 234, 302; tableau économique, 222–3, 239–43, 278, 391; life sketch, 224–5; on natural order, 229; on agriculture, 229–30; on laissez-faire, 230–31; single-tax, 230–32; as scientific economist, 232; and utilitarianism, 233; perfect competition in, 233; harmonism, 234; population theory, 234, 256n, 257, 266, 274; wage theory, 234, 266, 569, 664; interest theory, 234; capital theory, 235–7, 323–4, 564, 632, 667; rent theory, 238; ‘produit net,’ 237–9; on high prices and prosperity, 287; savings, 287; as model-builder, 562, 632; and Marx, 238, 566n; and Ricardo, 569; and underconsumption crisis theory, 740n; macroanalysis and, 997 Quetelet, Adolph, 525, 960 Rae, John (1796–1872), 237, 468–9, 519, 530, 639, 648, 654, 846, 931, 939 Rae, John (1845–1915), 181 Raguet, Condy, 743 Ramsay, Sir George, 486, 488–9, 556 Ratzel, Friedrich, 788 Rau, Karl Heinrich, 503, 740 Raven, Charles Earle, 461 Raymond, Daniel, 199, 519 Read, Samuel, 486, 488, 556, 560, 639 Refuge, see Du Refuge, Eustache Index of authors 1202 Renan, Ernst, 772 Rhodes, Edmond Cecil, 859 Ribot, Théodule Armand, 799 Ricardo, David, and utilitarianism, 408, 471; life sketch, 470; had no philosophy or sociology, 471; narrowness of theoretical interest, 472–3; reasons for success, 473, 478; as builder of theoretical analysis, 474, 478, 480, 598; analysis as a detour, 474, 560, 568, 673n; guide to Principles, 475; Ricardian school, 475–80; influence outside England, 478–9, 849; on general gluts and crises, 538–9, 740, 741; on justice, 547n; population theory, 581, 653, 682–3; technological change, 584–5, 646, 682–5; Say’s Law and, 621, 625 Distribution theory: as relative share theory, 483, 592; divorce of production theory from, 543, 568; class antagonism in, 553–4; tendencies in long-run shares, 553–4; model of, 568–70; identification of economics with, 568–9 Economic development theory: West and, 476; tendencies in long-run shares, 553–4; pessimistic theory of, 570–72; falling interest rate, 652–4; and Marx’s, 653n Filiations with: Cantillon, 220; Galiani, 302; Smith, 188, 189, 191, 194, 310, 472, 482, 484, 668–9; Bailey, 486–7, 599, 679; Carey, 517–18; Cournot, 959; Malthus, 483, 484, 536n, 538–9, 581, 625n, 653; Marx, 390, 596–8, 653n, 682n, 685–7; Mill, 529, 726; Rossi, 509n; Say, 621, 654; Senior, 484, 486, 576, 637; Sismondi, 493–4; Thornton, 688n, 733, 735, 736–7, 1107; Torrens, 490; Böhm-Bawerk, 846; Jevons, 902–3; Keynes, 473n, 1171; Marshall, 484, 837, 921, 934, 1079; Menger, 827, 934; Index of authors 1203 Roscher, 741; Taussig, 871 Interest theory: money supply and, 332; as bulk of profits, 647; exploitation theory, 649, 653n; abstinence, 649n, 660; residual theory, 649n, 652–3; divergence of real and monetary rates, 1118 International trade theory: comparative cost, 373–4, 490, 607–8, 612; free trade, 473, 625n; immobility of labor in, 606; and real value, 610; and value theory, 611–15; specialization of production in, 614; international finance, 733, 735–7, 1107 Methodology: Ricardian Vice, 473, 541, 618, 653n, 668, 1171; comparative statics, 494–5, 682–3; failure to specify institutional assumptions, 544; classes in analysis, 553; stationary state in, 562–4; macroanalysis, 997–8 Monetary theory: policy recommendations, 473; publications on, 688n; on war inflation, 688; gold bullion plan, 693, 712n, 1079; as a metallist, 699–700; quantity theory, 703–4, 724, 737; as a detour in monetary analysis, 703n; bullionist argument in, 708–12; on silver standard, 715n; parachute effect in bimetallism, 717n; on credit creation, 722, 724; on gold circulation, 1076; banking theory, 1112 Production theory: divorce of distribution theory from, 543, 568; entrepreneur in, 556; 3-factor schema, 559–60; model of, 568–70; competition in, 592; marginal firm, 673; capital theory, 634, 635–6, 637, 668, 682, 745n, 902–3 Profits theory: innovation profits, 646; interest as bulk of profits, 647; and Marx’s, 682n; population and, 682–3; technological unemployment, 682–5; Index of authors 1204 theory of compensation, 683; underrating of mechanization, 684; real value approach, 684–5; savings and, 685; Marx’s acceptance of, 685–7; marginal profits, 721 Rent theory: and Smith’s, 191; extensive margin, 259; Anderson’s as precursor, 263, 264–6, 676n; West and, 476; Torrens and, 490; Carey’s criticism, 517–18; Malthus and, 536n, 677; inability to discuss in isolation, 569, 673, 675–6; diminishing returns and, 584–5, 653, 673, 822n, 1032; intensive margin, 587; rent concept, 671; elimination of land from value problem, 673, 675–6, 868; denial of marginal productivity, 674n; location and differential fertility, 675; urban rent, 675n; Mill’s defense of, 676; Longfield’s criticism, 677; quasi-rent in, 671n, 678–9; Bailey’s criticism, 679; in neo-classical period, 933–4; Menger’s criticism, 934; Marshall’s defense, 674n, 934 Value theory: misunderstood Smith’s, 188, 310; and Cantillon’s land theory, 220; use vs. exchange value, 300, 912n; Galiani as precursor, 302; overthrow of utility theory, 302, 1054; labor-quantity theory, 310, 559–60, 590–96, 612, 668–9; on invariant numéraire, 591; real value, 591–2, 598, 610, 684–5; utility and, 592; scarcity and, 592; equilibrium in, 592; on supply-demand theory, 592, 601; long-run normal vs. market price, 593; and marginal utility theory, 593; periods of investment and, 594–5, 597, 636, 638; cost-of-production theory, 594–5, 600; Ricardo Effect, 595, 637; and Marx’s 596–8; and international trade theory, 611–15; and rent theory, 673, 675–6, 868 Wage theory: and Smith’s, 189; Index of authors 1205 wage-fund, 266, 681–5; as manual labor theory, 553; use of market to value types of labor, 593–4; minimum of existence theorem, 664–5; effect of capital increase in, 668 Ricca-Salerno, Giuseppe, 205 Ricci, Umberto, 979, 1156 Rickert, Heinrich, 507, 777, 818 Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich, 427 Rietz, H.L., 1093, 1165 Ripley, William Zebina, 873 Rist, C., 320, 689, 718, 843, 1104, 1117 Robbins, L., 863, 890, 989, 1046, 1071 Roberts, Hazel van Dyke, 216 Roberts, John, 156 Roberts, Ĺewes, 156 Robertson, Dennis Holme, 656, 833, 1046–8, 1084, 1116, 1127–8, 1134, 1178, 1183 Robertson, Hector Menteith, 80 Robinson, Joan, 15, 61, 243, 279, 474, 650, 885, 938, 977, 985, 1046, 1048, 1050, 1142, 1149, 1151–2, 1172 Roche-Agussol, Maurice, 1058 Rodbertus, Johann Karl, 478, 504, 506, 705, 740, 750, 933, 1097 Rodriquez Villa, Antonio, 203 Roesler, Carl Friedrich Hermann, 671 Rogers, Arthur George Liddon, 275 Rogers, James Edwin Thorold, 782, 821 Rooke, John, 475, 674 Roos, Charles F., 1160 Roover, Raymond de, 78, 343 Roscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich, 95, 210, 284, 290, 381, 421, 423, 442, 459, 465, 504, 507–8, 519, 535, 540, 543, 546, 699–700, 741, 808–9, 850, 1086, 1176 Rosenstein-Rodan, P.N., 1056 Ross, Edward Alsworth, 793 Rossi, P.L.E., 216, 382, 479, 496–7, 510 Rössig, Karl, 159 Rotteck, Karl von, 424, 432 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 110, 139, 389 Rowe, John Wilkinson Foster, 941 Roy, René, 958 Ruskin, John, 403, 411 Russell, Bertrand, 779 Russell, Henry Benajah, 1076 Ryazanov, D., 387 Sadler, Michael Thomas, 583 Saint-Pierre, Charles Irénée Castel, 204 Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de, 415, 418, 440, 455, 460–62, 528, 542 Salin, Edgar, 55, 413 Samsonoff, B., 939 Samuelson, Paul A., 39, 912, 968, 1009, 1028, 1040–41, 1053, 1063, 1067, 1069, 1073, 1148–9, 1161, 1176, 1179, 1182–3 Index of authors 1206 Saumaise, Claude de (Salmasius), 106 Savary, Jacques, 156 Savary des Bruslons, Jacques, 157 Savigny, Friedrich Karl von, 423–4 Say, Jean Baptiste, equilibrium theory, 189, 511, 623; Smith and, 189, 491, 492; Cantillon and, 222, 492, 625; value theory, 234, 249, 302, 600, 602, 1054; and Quesnay, 234; distribution theory, 249, 644; and Turgot, 249, 492, 625; and monetary analyses, 282n; and Ricardo, 474n, 654; Ricardians on, 491; Marx on, 491, 628; economic liberalism, 492; followers of, 496–7, 841; and Rossi, 496–7, 509n; influence in United States, 515; and Mill, 529–30, 569, 621–2, 654; definition of political economy, 535; entrepreneur in, 555, 557, 645–6; triad of factors, 560, 561; generalization of land into natural agents, 560n; economics as experimental science, 576; Marshall and, 622; Malthus and, 622–3; Keynes and, 624; definition of wealth, 626; interest theory, 654; wage theory, 663; rent theory, 677; monetary theory, 710n; on business cycle and crises, 739–40; and Walras, 828, 1010n Say, Léon, 248, 841 Sayers, R.S., 690, 711, 716 Scaruffi, Gasparo, 292 Schäffle, Albert, 459, 509, 788 Schams, Ewald, 381 Scheler, Max, 33 Schelle, Gustave, 225–6, 244, 248, 249 Schlesinger, Karl, 979, 1014, 1037, 1082, 1106 Schlettwein, Johann August, 224, 227 Schmidt, Max Georg, 787 Schmoller, Gustav von, 418, 442, 452, 507, 539, 628, 783, 786, 809–14, 816–18, 820, 822, 824, 849, 855 Schneider, Erich, 466, 1028, 1043 Schreiber, Edmund, 83 Schröder, Wilhelm von, 283 Schultz, Henry, 876, 962, 1035, 1040, 1044, 1063 Schulze-Gaevernitz, Gerhart von, 850, 853 Index of authors 1207 Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 44, 144n, 347n, 819n, 871n, 929n, 1135n, 1153n, 1154n, 1169n, 1173n Schweicker, Wolfgang, 156 Scialoja, Antonio, 510–12 Scitovszky, T.de, 1072 Scott, W.R., 128, 181, 183–4, 187 Scrofani, Saverio, 373 Scrope, George Poulett, 486, 489–90, 526, 639, 648, 659, 701, 713 Seckendorff, Veit Ludwig von, 168 Sée, Henri Eugène, 123 Seeley, Sir John Robert, 432 Seligman, Edwin R.A., 198, 311, 343–5, 362, 464, 475, 478, 486, 488, 490, 514, 519, 599, 873, 946, 954, 1055 Sempere y Guarinos, J., 165, 168, 326, 510 Senior, Nassau William, first incumbent of Oxford economics chair, 382; work on Poor Law Amendment Act, 401; and marginal utility, 463n, 600, 1054; and Whately, 483–4; Mill and, 484, 530, 569, 654; attempt to unify theory, 484, 575–88; value theory, 484, 600, 602, 1054; interest theory, 484, 659; and Ricardo, 484, 485, 576, 637–8; Marx’s attack on, 486n, 640; definition of political economy, 535; on economists’ policy recommendations, 540; exclusion of entrepreneur, 556; 3-factor schema in, 560; abstinence theory of capital, 469, 484, 584, 632, 637–40, 659, 846, 926; four postulates of theory, 575–88, 638, 659; diminishing returns, 584–8, 672; on population, 578, 889; real value of labor power, 596; supply-demand analysis, 602; wealth concept, 625n, 626; productive vs. unproductive consumption, 631n; rent theory, 672; monetary theory, 699–701, 702, 722; and Walras, 758; wage theory, 939n; and Böhm-Bawerk, 939n Sensini, Guido, 938 Serra, Antonio, 194, 258, 353–8, 361, 365 Serres, Oliver de, 158 Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of, 127, 128 Shaftesbury, 7th Earl of, 401 Shaw, William Arthur, 1080 Shirras, G.F., 874 Shove, G.F., 834, 836, 885, 1046, 1048, 1152 Sidgwick, Henry, 408, 433, 533, 540, 671, 772, 805–6, 830, 940 Sigwart, Christoph von, 777 Silberling, Norman John, 690 Silio, Guglielmo, 179 Index of authors 1208 Simiand, François, 820 Simmel, Georg, 776, 785, 793 Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de, 474, 481, 491, 493–6, 535–6, 539, 544, 554, 572, 616, 621, 627, 640, 663, 681, 740–42, 837 Slutsky, Eugen, 1063–4, 1148 Small, Albion Woodbury, 159 Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations, 38, 52, 60, 63, 169, 184, 185–94, 468–9, 511; and scholasticism, 94, 182; ethics of, 129–30, 182; Theory of Moral Sentiments, 129–30, 182; moral philosophy, 141; inability to unify social sciences, 142; on corporations, 150, 545; on state management, 153n; as consultant administrator, 161; on laissez-faire, 172; public finance, 164n, 186, 205; and utilitarianism, 180; life sketch, 181–2; income concept, 183; and physiocrats, 184, 236–7, 323–4; and natural liberty, 184n, 185; and 18th-century psychologism, 186; on mercantilism, 186–7, 335, 337n, 361–2; division of labor, 187–8, 214; value theory, 188–9, 300, 307–11, 482, 557–8, 590–91, 673n, 912n, 1000n; labor as numéraire, 188, 310, 482, 1087; equilibrium theory, 189, 557; capital, savings, and investment, 191–3, 236–7, 323–4, 324–5, 389, 630, 634, 635, 639, 642, 659, 660, 667, 723; monetary theory, 191, 193, 290, 312, 315, 720, 731; neglect of ‘political arithmetick,’ 212; increasing and diminishing returns, 259, 585; on population, 257; banking, 278, 731; role in defeat of monetary analysis, 282n; cheapness-and-plenty doctrine, 286, 1129n; on free coinage, 298; on luxuries, 324n; international trade theory, 367, 374, 376, 607, 733; inadequate acknowledgment of others’ work, 474; and cameralist tradition, 501; 3-factor schema, 554; stationary state analysis, 562–3; wealth as flow concept, 626, 628; unproductive vs. productive labor, 629–30; in neo-classical period, 892, 920; entrepreneur in, 555 Distribution theory: 557–8, 567–8; interest theory, 193, 331, 333–4, 647, 648–9, 654, 658, 660, 720; profit theory, 190–91, 268, 331, 333–4; rent theory, 190–91, 264–5, 268, 671n, 672; Index of authors 1209 wage theory, 111, 189–90, 268–70, 654, 663, 664, 667, 668 Filiations with: Aristotle, 60, 63; Hutcheson, 128n, 141, 182, 183; Campomanes, 173; Steuart, 176; Beccaria, 179–80, 248; Turgot, 248; Quesnay, 236–7, 323–4; Gioja, 511; Marx, 389; Mill, 545; Say, 492; Ricardo, 474n, 673n; Sismondi, 493n; Thornton, 706; Marshall, 833–5, 837; Menger, 827; Walras, 1010n; Wicksell, 723 Smith, Henry, 747, 750, 1132 Smith, Vera C., 695 Smithies, Arthur, 949, 1176, 1183 Snyder, Carl, 1096 Soden, Friedrich, 501, 505 Soetbeer, Adolf Georg, 1080 Somary, Felix, 1111 Sombart, W., 792, 805, 815–18, 820, 1154 Somers, Harold M., 1164, 1179 Somerville, John, 1158 Sommarin, Emil, 863 Sommer, Louise, 159 Sonnenfels, Joseph von, 171, 174, 375 Sorel, Georges, 774 Sorokin, Pitirim, 794 Soto, Domingo de, 95, 101, 110, 272 Souchon, Auguste, 54 Spann, Othmar, 85, 412–14, 785, 793, 855, 1139, 1154 Spearman, Charles, 797 Spencer, Herbert, 415, 444–5, 447, 773, 789 Spengler, Joseph John, 254, 584, 890 Spiethoff, Arthur, 804, 815–17, 1126–7, 1154, 1164 Spinoza, Baruch, 126 Sraffa, Piero, 124, 1046–7, 1150–52 Stackelberg, H.von, 976, 980, 982, 1012, 1044, 1153 Stahl, Friederick Julius, 283, 431 Stangeland, Charles Emil, 254 Steffen, Gustaf Frederik, 793 Stein, Lorenz von, 440, 508, 850 Stephen, Sir Leslie, 116, 123, 132, 407 Stephens, W.Walker, 248 Stern, William, 796 Index of authors 1210 Sternberg, Fritz, 881–2, 1132 Steuart, Sir James, 176, 178, 250, 255, 259, 261, 263, 267, 293–4, 296–7, 346, 349–50, 375, 474, 535, 586, 706 Stevens, S.S., 1058 Stewart, Dugold, 185, 728 Stieda, Wilhelm, 159 Stigler, George J., 590, 849, 869, 886, 910, 913, 916, 941, 1032–3, 1035, 1038, 1040–41, 1046, 1053 Stolper, W.F., 1158 Stone, Richard, 962 Storch, H.von, 502, 519, 535, 627, 641 Stourm, René, 402 Strachey, G.Lytton, 123 Struve, Pierre, 107 Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, Duc de, 169 Sumner, William Graham, 865–7, 1080 Supino, Camillo, 345, 1111 Süssmilch, Johann Peter, 212, 255 Sweezy, A.R., 1064 Sweezy, Paul, 239, 242, 347, 392, 442, 566, 651, 747, 851, 881–2, 884–5, 976, 1132 Tacitus, Publius Cornelius, 67 Tagliacozzo, Giorgio, 136, 177, 194, 205, 293, 300 Taine, H A., 123, 772, 782, 820 Talbot, A., 216 Tarde, Gabriel, 793 Tarello, Camillo, 158 Taussig, Frank William, 471, 479, 636, 668, 732–3, 847, 866–7, 870–71, 904, 940–41, 1107 Tawney, Richard Henry, 80, 166 Taylor, Fred Manville, 874 Taylor, Henry Charles, 874 Taylor, Overton H., 107, 442 Taylor, William George Langworthy, 1116 Tchebycheff, P.L.de, 448 Tchernychevsky, N.G., 633 Teilhac, Ernest, 500, 515, 865 Temple, William, 254 Temple, Sir William, 158, 254 Teutophilus, Christianus, 203 Thesaurus, Caspar Antonius, 100 Thiers, Louis Adolphe, 426 Thomas, Brinley, 862, 1085 Thomas, Elbert Duncan, 53 Thomasius, Christian, 117 Thompson, Herbert Metford, 941 Thompson, James Westfall, 83 Thompson, John M., 907 Thompson, Thomas Perronet, 672, 713 Thompson, William, 479, 506, 583, 596 Thorndike, Edward Lee, 796–7 Thornton, Henry, 689, 696, 698, 700, 702, 704, 707–9, 713, 715, 718–24, 730, 733, 735–6, 1107 Index of authors 1211 . Profits theory: innovation profits, 646; interest as bulk of profits, 647; and Marx’s, 682n; population and, 682–3; technological unemployment, 682–5; Index of authors 1204 theory of compensation,. 592; divorce of production theory from, 543, 568; class antagonism in, 553–4; tendencies in long-run shares, 553–4; model of, 568–70; identification of economics with, 568–9 Economic development. Smith’s, 189; Index of authors 1205 wage-fund, 266, 681–5; as manual labor theory, 553; use of market to value types of labor, 593–4; minimum of existence theorem, 664–5; effect of capital increase