UNIT 1 HOME LIFE Come came come đến … Become became become trở thành Overcome overcame overcome khắc phục Spend spent spent trải qua Give gave given cho PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –s và –es của danh từ số nhiều) Khi sử dụng danh từ số nhiều, ta thường thêm ‘s’ hoặc ‘es’ vào cuối danh từ đó. Có 3 cách đọc: - Đọc là /s/ sau các danh từ tận cùng là ‘c, f, k, p, t, th, gh, ph’ : books, roof, boots … - Đọc là /iz/ sau các từ có hơi gió như ‘s, x, z, ch, sh (+ es), ce, ge (+ s) : dresses, boxes, toothbrushes, watches, sentences, judges… - Đọc là /z/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : ways, pens, pencils, potatoes, tomatoes … Exercise 1. Which of the words contain the sound /s/,/z/ or /iz/. Noun / verb + s/es / s / / iz / / z / 1. potato potatoes 2. rub rubs 3. cook cooks 4. rise rises 5. clothe clothes 6.length lengths 7. calculate calculates 8. read reads 9. massage massages 10. laugh laughs 11. cave caves 12. play plays 13. map maps 14. flat flats 15. bathe bathes 16. bath baths 17. stage stages 18. wear wears 19. thank thanks 20. cough coughs 21. learn learns 22. stop stops 23. dig digs 24. church churches 25. come comes 26. Rose’s Rose’s 27. Daniel’s Daniel’s 28. Frank’s Frank’s 29. Elizabeth’s Elizabeth’s 30. Smith’s Smith’s CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI 1. Thì Hiện tại đơn (The Present simple) : V 1 a/ Cách chia: I, we, you, they + V 0 (động từ nguyên mẫu không TO) He, she, it, N (số ít) + V-s/es (lưu ý các đt tận bằng Y và Y sau nguyên âm) b/ Cách dùng: • Để diễn tả 1 sự thật hoặc 1 việc thường xảy ra / thói quen: Ex. Tom plays table-tennis very well. The sun rises in the east… • Dùng sau các liên từ chỉ thời gian hàm ý tương lai: as soon as, after, before, when, until … Ex. Let’s wait until the rain stops. I’ll ring you as soon as I arrive at the hotel. * Các trạng từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại đơn : always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (… night / week / month / year, summer…), seldom, rarely…, once a week, twice a month …Ex. She often goes to school by bicycle. 2. The present continuous : (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) a/ Cách chia : S + am / is / are + V-ing b/ Cách dùng: • Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra trong thời điểm hiện tại, hay sau 1 câu truyền khiến như : Ex. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. Don’t make so much noise! The baby is sleeping. * Những cụm từ sau đây thường xuất hiện trong thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn: now, just now, right now, nowadays, at present, at the moment, today, this week, this month, these days. * Note: Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Continuous, mà chỉ dùng thì Present Simple: to be, to want, to need, to have (có), to know, to understand (hiểu) Ex: - We are in grade twelve now. - I understand the lesson at the moment. 3. The present perfect : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) a/ Cách chia : I / we / you / they + have + V 3 / ed He / She / It + has + V 3 / ed b/ Cách dùng: • Để diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra nhưng không rõ thời gian: Ex. I have seen that film. • Để diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra (thường đi kèm với ‘just, recently, lately’ • Để diễn tả 1 sự việc đã xảy ra và còn liên quan đến hiện (already, not…yet, never, ever, three times, several/many times, up to now, up to the present, until now, so far , For + khoảng thời gian, Since + mốc thời gian… 4. The present perfect continuous : (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) a/ Cách chia : S + have / has + been + V-ing b/ Cách dùng : Để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại ( wait, sleep, study….) Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours / since 3 o’clock Exercise 1. Choose the best answer 1. The sun ___ the biggest planet in the solar system. (is / was / has been / will be) 2. If you like skiing, there _______ resort under an hour’s driving from Madrid. A. is B. can be C. will be D. has been 3. Ann often does the shopping, but I ______ it today as she isn’t well. A. am doing B. do C. will do D. have done 4. In my opinion, Carnival in Northen Brazil ___ the best celebration in the world. A. have neen B. will be C. was D. is 5. It’s a lovely day today! The sun _____ and the birds ______. A. is shining / are singing B. is shining / sing C. shines / sing D. shines / are singing 6. Since 1980, scientists in the world _______ a lot of things to fight AIDS. A. have done B. are doing C. did D. had done 7. Would you like something to eat? – No, thanks. I ____ lunch with Tony. A. have just had B. just had C. just have D. just have had 8. Linda _____ her identity card again. This is the second time this ______. A. lost / happened B. has lost / happened C. has lost / has happened D. lost / has happened 9. Amada left her job because they asked her to work on a night _____. A. time B. period C. shift D. moment 10. Chris is my close friend. I trust him. He’s always ___ to help me whenever I have a problem. A. willing B. responsible C. charge D. available Exercise 2. Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following story. It (1) happened (happen) two years ago when I (2) was skiing (ski) in Austria. It was a horrible day because it (3) was snowing and I (4) couldn’t see anything. I (5) did not want to ski but my friend said, “Come on. This is our last day. We must go.” So I went. I (6) hadn’t skied in conditions like that before so when my friends (7) decided to go right up to the top of the mountain, I (8) didn’t join them. After about half an hour by myself, I (9) stopped because I was cold and wet. I (10) was getting into the cable car to go down to the village and my wonderful warm hotel when I (11) slipped on some ice. I (12) fell, and my skis (13) fell on top of me. I (14) heard a terrible noise and knew something bad (15) had happened. My leg was broken. What a way of ending a holiday! Exercise 3. Underline the correct option. 1. Everything is going well. We didn’t have / haven’t had any problems so far. 2. Lisa didn’t go / hasn’t gone to work yesterday. She wasn’t feeling well. 3. Look! That man over there wears / is wearing the same sweater as you. 4. Your son is much taller than when I last saw him. He grew / has grown a lot. 5. I still don’t know what to do. I didn’t decide / haven’t decided yet. 6. I wonder why Jim is / is being so nice to me today. He didn’t usually like that. 7. Jane had a book open in front of her, but she didn’t read / wasn’t reading it. 8. I wasn’t very busy. I didn’t have / wasn’t having much to do. 9. It begins / It’ s beginning to get dark. Shall I turn on the light? 10. After leaving school, Tim got / has got a job in a factory. 11. I made a cup of coffee while she was reading the letter. (read) 12.After I had finished eating, the waiter took my plate away. (finish) 13. By the time I got to the party, most people had gone home (go) 14. She hasn’t had a day off through illness since she work at the company. Exercise 4. Put the verbs into the correct form: past simple (I did), past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (I had done), or past perfect continuous (I had been doing). 1. Yesterday afternoon Sarah …went….(go) to the station to meet Paul. When she got there, Paul has been waiting for her. His train had arrived early. 2. When I got home, Bill was lying on the sofa. The television was on, but he ……… wasn’t watching it. He had fallen asleep and was snoring loudly. I turned the television off and just then he woke up. 3. Last night I had just gone to bed and was reading a book when suddenly I heard a noise. I got up to see what it was, but I didn’t see anything, so I went (go) back to bed. 4. Lisa had to go to New York last week, but she almost missed the plane. She was standing in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly realised that she had left (leave) her passport at home. Fortunately she lives near the airport, so she had (have) time to take a taxi home to get it. She got back to the airport just in time for her flight. 5. I met (meet) Peter and Lucy yesterday as I was walking through the park. They had been (be) to the Sports Center where they had been playing tennis. They was going (go) to the café and invited me to join them, but I had arranged to meet another friend and didn’t have time. Exercise 5. Choose A, B, C or D that best completes the following passage. MY FIRST HOME When my parents married, they rented a small house and they didn’t have a lot of money for furniture. The kitchen had a (1) ……for washing up and a cooker, but that was all. They (2) ……an old table and a chair from the market. They borrowed a sofa which was (3) ……old, but they (4) ……… it with modern materials so it was bright and cheerful. Outside, there was a small garden (5) …… the house, but in front of it there was only the roaD. Luckily the road wasn’t busy, so I could cross it to (6) ………the park on the (7) ………. side. We lived there (8) …… I was ten and we were very happy. We had to (9) …… house because it was too small when my twin sisters were born. We all (10) …… sad when we left. 1. A. basin B. cupboard C. sink D. bath 2. A. bought B. sold C. became D. brought 3. A. more B. also C. even D. little 4. A. placed B. put C. covered D. made 5. A. before B. through C. by D. behind 6. A. reach B. arrive C. go D. get 7. A. wrong B. opposite C. different D. facing 8. A. when B. after C. until D. to 9. A. move B. change C. leave D. close 10. A. spent B. thought C. had D. felt Exercise 6. 1. Although we …………. all day, we haven’t managed to find a suitable applicant. A. are interviewing B. have interviewed C. have been interviewing D. interviewed 2. A. tricks B. leftovers C. depths D. roofs 3. A. biologist B. shift C. trick D. decision 4. Can you tell me who is responsible ______ checking passports? A. to B. in C. about D. for 5. My father hasn’t seen his older brother _____ thirty years. A. since B. from C. for D. during 6. She is leaving her husband because she cannot put ___ his bad temper any longer. A. up with B. away C. off D. up 7. Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home. A. deal with B. manage C. help together D. work together 8. A. shifts B. works C. groups D. hands 9. A. baths B. clothes C. enjoys D. solutions 10. A. dishes B. oranges C. experiences D. moves Exercise 1. Complete the text with words from the box. Two years ago I went to a language school in England and stayed with a host family. At that time I was (1)hopeless at English and couldn’t understand them very well, but I could see they were more than a little mad. They got (2) angry with me when I arrived because I didn’t take my shoes off. They were really (3) proud of their house and (4) afraid of getting even a bit of dirt on their carpet. But my first big problem was in the bedroom. I am (5) allergic to cats and there, sitting on the bed, which was (6) covered in cat hair, was the ugliest animal you have ever seen. “He always sleeps here,” they said. “You’ll soon get (7) used to him.” I explained that I wasn’t very (8) fond of animals but they didn’t seem to be the least bit (9) interested in what I said. The next day, I went to the accommodation office at school and said that it was (10) essential to change family. afraid (of ) allergic (to) angry (with) covered (in / with) essential fond (of) hopeless (at) interested (in) proud (of) be / get used to + n / V-ing : quen S + used to + Vo : …đã từng … UNIT 2 CULTURAL DIVERSITY build built built xây dựng choose chose chosen chọn lựa tell told told bảo, kể sell sold sold bán buy bought bought mua 1/ PRONUNCIATION : Cách phát âm –ed • Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận cùng là ‘d’ và ‘t’ thì khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /id/ decided, needed, posted, started … • Nếu động từ tận cùng bằng : f, k, p, s, x, ce, ch, gh, ph, sh khi thêm ‘-ed’ ta đọc là /t/ : worked, stopped, kissed, washed, laughed … (Câu thần chú dễ nhớ: Xin Sư Huynh (sh) Frank Sơn CHo Phép GHi CEll Khó) • Đọc là /d/ đối với các trường hợp còn lại : planned, loved, arrived … Exercise 1. Read and put the words with underlined letters in the right column. knocked walked started wanted decided jumped mended explained helped missed phoned arrived rained arrested involved received considered changed convinced stopped hoped watched washed roofed brushed attracted happened played established laughed wrapped asked improved finished earned closed robbed faxed washed studied loved liked / id / / t / / d / 2/ THE PAST TENSES (Các thì quá khứ) 1. The past simple : (thì quá khứ đơn) a/ Cách chia : S + V 2/ed (Động từ “to be”: S + was / were) b/ Cách dùng : * Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra và biết rõ thời gian, hoặc đã chấm dứt hẳn (thường đi kèm với các từ chỉ thời gian như : yesterday, last night / week / month / year / summer …, … ago, in (2005), from 2000 to 2005. * Để diễn tả 1 chuỗi hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ : Ex. Last night, I heard someone knock at the door, I stood up, went to answer the door, but when I opened it I couldn’t see anyone there. 2. The past continuous : (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) a/ Cách chia : I / He / She / It / N(số ít + was + V –ing … We / you / they / N(số nhiều) + were + V-ing … b/ Cách dùng : * Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night) * Diễn tả 2 sự việc cùng diễn ra song song trong quá khứ ( với các liên từ : while, as): Yesterday, while my father was reading a book, my mother was cooking dinner. * Chỉ 1 hành động đang diễn ra (was / were + V-ing) thì có hành động khác đột xuất chen vào (V 2 ): When I came, they were having lunch. 3. The past perfect : (thì quá khứ hoàn thành / quá khứ kép) a/ Cách chia : S + had + V 3/ed b/ Cách dùng :* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc 1 một hành động khác trong quá khứ (V 2 ) trong câu có các liên từ: before, after, when): - Before 2000, he had worked in that company. - When I got up this morning, my father had left for HCM city. Exercise 2. Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense. 1. Sam had not received the parcel the last time I spoke (speak) to him. 2. I was considering buying a house but now I have changed my mind. 3. When you feel hungry later, room service will bring you whatever you want 4. I found it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I had lost my ticket. 5. Since I was paying for our lunch, I tried to attract the waiter’s attention. 6. As soon as I have had a good look at the designs, I will send them back to you. 7. I have been hoping to meet you ever since I read your first novel. 8. Whatever happens, I will meet you here in a week’s time. 9. By the time you have finished getting ready, we will have missed the train ! 10. Sally! I didn’t expect to see you here. What are you doing in New York? Exercise 3. Complete the passage, using the word from the box that best fits each space. Good personal relations based on mutual trust and esteem play a (1) particularly important role in doing business in Japan. Hospitality given and received can play a (2) useful part in maintaining and establishing such relations. While in Japan it is (3) enough for the visitor to offer a meal in a restaurant or in his hotel: he is not expected to reciprocate entertaining on the Japanese scale. The Japanese do not expect foreigners to understand the (4) finer points of their own etiquette but they like people who try to conform. Shoes are removed before entering Japanese- style houses and restaurants. Most Japanese meals consist of a series of small dishes. (5) Naturally the polite thing to do is to eat what one is offered but Japanese hosts are understanding if a foreigner explains that he finds a (6) particular dish unappetizing. In Japan it is the almost (7) invariable custom to exchange visiting cards when one makes a new acquaintance. This is useful to the foreign visitor, and it is (8) advisable to take a substantial number of cards (say at least 100) for use in Japan. The custom of giving gifts to business and personal acquaintances is more (9) common than on most other countries. Most of these gifts are(10) fairly small items and it is not necessary to receprocate (11) immediately. Although it is customary to give something back in due course for personal presents received from individuals. It may be useful to take a number of souvenir items such as English china, company pens or ties to give away on (12) suitable occasions. Very high quality Scotch whisky also makes an (13) acceptable. gift. It is (14) important that all gifts should be (15) carefully wrapped in gift wrapping paper. 16. The last time I was in Prague was in 1986. I haven’t been to Prague since 1986 17. The company hasn’t made a profit for 3 years. The last time the company made a profit was 3 years ago. particular particularly fairly common suitable enough carefully naturally advisable useful important immediately acceptable finer invariable 18. The last time I had a pay rise was 2 years ago.  I haven’t had a pay rise for 2 years. Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer. 1. What _____________at the moment? A.do you do B.did you do C.have you done D.are you doing 2. Ben and Patty are in London on holiday. They______ at a small hotel near Hyde Park. A.stay B. are staying C.stayed D.are going to stay 3. The River Amazon__________into the Atlantic Ocean. A. flows B.flow C.is flowing D.flowed 4. Jet engines________ a lot of noise. A.are making B.have made C.made D. make 5. “Where’s Simon?” “He________the dinner.” A.is cooking B.cook C.cooks D.has cooked 6. He_______ in London from 1970 to 1973. A.lives B.had lived C.has lived D. lived 7. Marilyn Monroe___________in 1962. A.died B.dies C.is dying D.had died 8 .I was driving along when suddenly a child_______across the road. A.run B. runs C. ran D.was running 9. I cut myself when I___________ A.was shaving B.shaved C.am shaving D.have shaved 10. My car broke down when I __________ to work. A.am driving B.was driving C.have been driving D.drove 11. I__________six kilometers so far this morning. A.walk B.walked C.am walking D.have walked 12. I___________interested in jazz since I left school. A. have been B.was C.am D.had been 13. The fire has gone out! - So it has. I__________ and get some sticks. A.am going to go B.will go C.go D.will be going 14. Did you remember to book seats? - Oh no, I forgot. I__________for them now. A.am telephoning B.am going to telephone C.will telephone D.phone 15. “He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.” – “I’m sorry to hear that. I__________ him some grapes.” A.will sent B.am going to send C.will have sent D.will send 16. I’ve hired a typewriter and I_____________ type. A.am going to B. will C.was going to D.are going to 17. I __________ cakes. That’s why my hands are all covered with flour. A.have been making B.have made C.made D.had made 18. He __________ eating since he arrived. A.didn’t stop B.doesn’t stop C. hasn’t stopped D.hadn’t stopped 19. Her phone _____________ for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn’t answer it. A.has rung B.rings C.is ringing D. has been ringing 20. Where is Tom? I __________ him today,but he told Mary that he’d be in for dinner. A.didn’t see B.don’t see C. haven’t seen D.hadn’t seen 21. The earth _________ round the sun. A.go B.went C.is going D. goes 22. He__________ in a cafe when I saw him. A.sat B.had sat C.has sat D. was sitting 23. My company ___________ a lot of profits 5 years ago. A.had made B. made C.has made D.makes 24. Is it the first time you __________our beautiful country? A.visit B.visited C.are visiting D. have visited 25. If I _______ in your shoes, I would act differently. A.am B. were C.have been D.had been 26. I_________ learning English five years ago. A.have started B.start C.was starting D. started 27. We _________ him for years. A.didn’t see B.don’t see C.hadn’t seen D.haven’t seen 28. They ________ a new house in this corner of the street right now. A. are building B.have been building C.were building D.build 29. My friends ____________ the army when they finished their schooling. A.joined B.have joined C.had joined D.has joined 30. How many films_________ you _______ this month? A.have / seen B.did / see C.do / see D.will / see 31. Two miles _______ enough for her to jog every morning. A.Are B. is C.was D.do 32. When Daisy______back from the beach, she_____very red from the sun. She_________in the sun too long. A. came / looked / had been lying B. came / looked / lain 33. Look! Her eyes______red and wet. She_______ A. are / has been crying B. were / had cried 34. She says Titanic is the best film she________ A.had seen B.saw C.has ever seen D.will see 35. He ________fatter now than some years ago. A. look B. looked C. has looked D. looks 36. A new bridge________over the river next year. A.is built B.is being built C.will build D.will be built 37. We __________ the museum when the fire started. A.visited B.had visited C.were visiting D.visit 38. This building _________ finished by the end of 2012. A. will have been B.will be C.is D.is going to be 39. The statue _______ while it _______ to another room in the museum. A.breaks/is being moved B. broke / was being moved C.broke/was moving D.has broken/was being moved 40. Yesterday I _________ along the street when realized that a man with a black beard, whom I_________three times already, _____________me. A. walked / saw / followed B. was walking / had seen / was following 41. -I____ just_______ out to get an evening paper. - But it______. why don’t you wait till the rain_________? A.am……going / is raining/stops B.have………gone / rains / will stop 42.When I first_______ to this village it was a quiet place. But since the population __________ and a lot of leisure facilities _________, it is not quiet any more. A. come / has doubled / were built B. came / has doubled / have been built 43. I______ never been to Hanoi. A.have B.has C. had D. having 44.The last time he ______ in public he _______ a grey new suit. A. was seen / was wearing B. is seen / is wearing C. saw / wore D. had been seen / had been wearing 45. Coming into the room he saw the key where he__________ it. A.leaves B.left C.was leaving D. had left 46. You _________ for ages. Have you nearly finished? A.have telephoned B.have been telephoning C.phoned D.are phoning 47 This is the first time he ________ a car so he feels nervous. A.is driving B.has been driving C.drove D.has driven 48 Tom ________ his driving test three times because he is so bad at reversing. A.fails B.had failed C.has failed D.failed 49. By the time you finish your twelfth grade this summer, I _______ from my university. A.will graduate B.will be graduating C.have graduated D.will have graduated 50.When my father __________ next month, he will have been teaching for 40 years. A.retires B.will retire C.is going to retire D.is retiring 51. I am going to meet you at the airport tomorrow. After you clear custom, look for me just outside the gate. I _____________ right by the door. A.will be standing B.will stand C.am standing D.stand 52. Her eyes were red because she______________. A.cried B.cries C.has been crying D.had been crying 53. When I went to see them last night, they _____________ chess. A. were playing B.had been playing C.played D.are playing 54. I ________ the book before my next birthday. A.will finish B.am going to finish C. will have finished D.finish 55. She ________ a headache for several hours. A.has B.had C.has had D.is having 56. I was watching a movie when you ______last night. A. called B.were calling C.had called D.call 57. Do you think it ________ tomorrow? A.rains B.is raining C.rained D. will rain 58. Where’s Tom? He said he ___________ here at 4:30 PM. A.would be B.will be C.was D.is 59. I’m hungry because I __________ breakfast or lunch. A.don’t have B.didn’t have C.wasn’t having D. haven’t had 60 By the time I got to Lucy’s house,she_____already_______ for work. A.had ……left B.has……left C.left D.is……leaving 61. When did you start school? I started school when I was six 62. When did you start learning English? I started learning English when I was in grade 6 63. How old were you when you finished primary school? I was 15 when I finished … 64. What subjects are you good at? / bad at?_________________________________ 65. Do you want to be a good student? ______________________________________ 66. What will you do to be good at English? __________________________________ UNIT 3 WAYS OF SOCIALISING speak spoke spoken nói break broke broken (làm) bể, vỡ, gẫy wake woke woken (đánh) thức see saw seen thấy, xem know knew known biết * Grammar The Future tenses (Các thì tương lai) 1. The Future simple (Thì tương lai đơn) a/ Cách chia : S + will + V 0 … b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai với : - Quyết tâm hoặc hứa hẹn : I’ll go with you / I will tell him. Don’t worry. - Thường đi kèm với ‘someday, tomorrow, next week / month …, in two weeks Ex. He’ll come back next week She won’t go there tomorrow. 2/ The future continuous (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn) a/ Cách chia : S + will be + V-ing … b/ Cách dùng: Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra ở 1 thời điểm trong tương lai Ex. He will be studying Chemistry at this time tomorrow. We will be visiting Ha Long bay at this time next month. 3/ The future perfect (Thì tương lai hoàn thành) a/ Cách chia : S + will have + V 3/ed b/ Cách dùng : Diễn tả 1 sự việc đã hoàn thành tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. Ex. They will have built that bridge by April next year. By next month, I will have left for Nha Trang. * Thường đi kèm với ‘by then, by the time, by + mốc thời gian) 4/ The near future (Thì tương lai gần): S + am / is / are + going to + V … diễn tả tương lai có dự định trước hoặc 1 việc sắp xảy ra. Ex. We are going to buy a new bike next month. (Đã có dự tính rồi) Look at the clouds, it is going to rain. (near future) REPORTED SPEECH Câu tường thuật / câu gián tiếp • Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại (He says …), thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have/has said…) thì trong lời nói gián tiếp chỉ cần thay đổi đại từ. • Khi động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said) thì trong lời nói gián tiếp ta phải thay đổi thì của động từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian, không gian. The ways to change direct speech into indirect speech ( Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp) Present simple (V 1 ) : have / has → had past simple (V 2 ) Past simple (V 2 ) → past perfect (had V 3 ) Present perfect (have/has V3) → past perfect (had V 3 ) Can → could am / is / are → was / were Will → would this … → that These … → those now → then here → there today → that day yesterday → the day before tomorrow → the next day / the following day three years ago → 3 years before next week / month / year → the following week / month / year last week / month / year → the previous week / month / year…the week before… Exercise 1. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Nam. Nam told you a lot of things. Here are some of the things he said to you. a) I live here with my parents → He said (that) he lived there with his parents. b) Our new house is beautiful → He said (that) their new house was beautiful. c) I want to be a teacher of English  He said (that) he wanted to be a teacher of English. d) I’m thinking of going to study English in Australia.→ He said (that) he was thinking… e) I can’t speak Chinese. → He said (that) he couldn’t speak Chinese. f) My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang. → He said (that) his sister was then having a wonderful time in Nha Trang. g) I’ll be very busy today → He said (that) he would be very busy that day. h) I must come to the meeting tomorrow. → He said (that) he had to come to the meeting the next day / the following day. i) These roses are for you. → He said (that) those roses were for me. j) I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you later. → He said (that) he was going away for a few days. He would phone me later. 2. Reported speech with question words : What, When, Where, Who, Why, How … Giữ lại ‘question words’ , nghi vấn chuyển thành ‘khẳng định’ (không đảo ngữ) Examples: “Where are you from?” Mrs. Smith asked.  She asked me where I was from. (Lưu ý bỏ chấm hỏi) “How many bedrooms are there?” Nam asked.  I asked her how many bedrooms there were. [...]... is interesting This is the man that I met in Paris last month * That được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh nhất (the best, the most…, everybody, anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, something …) Ex He’s the best teacher that I have ever known I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park * That không bao giờ dùng sau dấu phẩy (mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định), cũng không dùng sau giới... C between D by Unit 5 Bring Buy Fight Seek Think HIGHER EDUCATION brought bought fought sought thought brought bought fought sought thought mang lại mua chiến đấu tìm kiếm nghĩ, tưởng CONDITIONAL SENTENCES CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( IF ) Câu điều kiện thường có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một mệnh đề phụ (If clause) Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Có 3 loại : 1 Type I : Chỉ điều kiện... lai (Future possible) If S + V1 …, S + will / can + V0 (nguyên mẫu không TO) Ex If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass your exam 2 Type II : Chỉ điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại ( Present Unreal) If S + V2 …, S + would / could + V0 … Ex If I were a bird, I would be a dove (dùng ‘were’ không dùng ‘was’) 3 Type III : Chỉ điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ (Past Unreal) If S + had V3 …, S + would... through the city centre at the rush hour A.try / driving B.to try / driving C.trying / to drive D.trying / driving 8 I want a few days about their offer before _ a decision A.to think / making B.to think/make C.thinking/making D.think/making 9 They suggested dinner in an Indian restaurant A.have B.to have C.had D.having 10 It’s unusual for him _ ill A.to be B.be C.is D.being 11 It was horrible to... 3 Không dùng mạo từ - Trước tên các quốc gia : Japan, China … Trừ: The United States, The United Kindom, The Philippines, The Netherlands - Trước tên các ngôn ngữ, bữa ăn, môn thể thao : French, English…, breakfast, lunch, dinner…, football, volleyball … - Trước tước hiệu, ngọn núi, ao hồ : Queen Elizabeth, President Obama, Mount Everest … Exercise 1 Put in a / an or the where necessary or Ø (không... reproduce this haemoglobin molecule in (9) _ blood Their work may eventually make it possible (10) underwater for much longer The (11) _ is that this unusual form of haemoglobin may not be the only explanation why crocodiles can stay underwater for so long (12) this, however, the research is of great (13) _ for the future and may even (14) scientists to produce artificial blood This is just... tạo MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE 1 Present / Future Modals : Công thức : Modal + be + V3/ed … Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to, used to, is going to + be + V3/ed … 2 Past Modals Công thức : Modal + have been + V3/ed … The secretary Should have have typed this report yesterday (…đáng lẽ đã …)  This report should have been typed by the secretary yesterday (…đáng... should be given back to the library 9 We cannot exchange articles. Articles cannot be exchanged 10 You mustn’t move this man; he is too ill  This man mustn’t be moved, he is too ill 11 When they have widened this street, the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night  When this street have been widened, residents will be kept awake by … 12 They ought to report the accident to the police... từ chỉ lý do (the reason): I don’t understand the reason why he was late RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - Mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta dùng ‘phân từ hiện tại’(present participle): V-ing Ex Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?  Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday? - Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động, ta dùng ‘quá khứ phân từ’: V3/-ed Ex The students who were... he met when he was studying at college 9 He’s very brave He’s not afraid of anything 10 I’m surprised at / by the amount of traffic today I didn’t think it would be so busy Exercise 4 Choose the correct answer 1 Andy ………my wallet while he was walking home A was finding B has found C found D find 2 I’m sorry Dad’s not here this weekend, he’s …… to my uncle’s house A been B gone C went D go 3 We can meet . sought tìm kiếm Think thought thought nghĩ, tưởng CONDITIONAL SENTENCES CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ( IF ) Câu điều kiện thường có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một mệnh đề phụ (If clause). Mệnh đề phụ có. see a girl and her dog that are running in the park. * That không bao giờ dùng sau dấu phẩy (mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định), cũng không dùng sau giới từ. Whose : đứng sau danh từ chỉ người để. want a few days ______about their offer before_____ a decision. A.to think / making B.to think/make C.thinking/making D.think/making 9. They suggested______ dinner in an Indian restaurant.