Index Intelirel's transition to e-business 1276 intellectual property (IP) 2245 intelligent agents 49, 394, 395, 399, 783, 2434 intelligent travel recommendation (ITR) 787 interaction pattern 1445 interactive communication 2394 interactivity 1444 interconnectivity 1698 interfunctionality 1699 internal exploitation 1083 internal operations 1261 internal process 1593 internal systems integration 1083 international business online 1890-1904 International Federation of Ac- countants (IFAC) 2144 Internet 3, 4, 5, 9, 200, 245, 337, 422,911, 1472,1579, 1617, 1653,2014,2073, 2078, 2293, 2294, 2299, 2456 Internet adoption 1403 Internet adoption in small busi- nesses 1403 Internet auctions 1526,1946 Internet authentication server 2167 Internet boom 1603 Internet business solutions (IBS) 162 Internet cultural era (ICE) 1654 Internet culture 1653 Internet data center (iDC) 2137 Internet experience 1196 Internet Explorer (IE) 13 Internet gaming 910 Internet options 10 Internet research methods 1029 Internet service provider (ISP) 1384 Internet service vendor 1692 Internet technology platforms 142 Internet technology, adoption of 1159 Internet user 2456 Internet, innovation 142 Internet, open buying on the (OBI) 96 Internet, use of 254 Internet-based intermediaries 245 Internet-based synchronous com- munications 1582 Internet-based ventures 1905 Internet-based ventures, context of 1909 interoperability 331, 1698,2285, 2289, 2290, 2300, 2323 interorganisational systems (IOS) 254,704, 1993,2285, 2290, 2293, 2301 interorganisational trade 245 interorganizational hierarchies 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010 interorganizational information system (IOIS) 1067 interorganizational interdepen- dence 1619 interorganizational interdepen- dencies, decomposition structure of 496 interorganizational interdependen- cies, identification of 496 interorganizational systems (IOS) interpersonal communication competence 1623 interpersonal cues 1509 intranets 353 intra-organizational commerce 2131 intrapreneurship 1313 intrinsic motivation 912 intrusion detection system (IDS) 2139 intrusion prevention (IP) tech- niques 277, 284 Invensys 402 Invensys case 405 Invensys' electronic component database (ECD) 407,412 Invensys parts numbering system 408 inventory management 1353 IOTP architecture 334 IP (Internet protocol) 967, 971 IP infrastructure 1697 lPod 913 IPSec 2176 IS (information systems) 184, 1473 IS, inter-organisational 246 IS-136 971 IS-95 971 Ishin-Denshin 1985 ISO (International Standards Or- ganization) 2287, 2292 ISO Open EDI Standard 328 ISO standard on social responsi- bility 2068 ISO/TEC 2287 isomorphic practices 201 ISP (Internet service provider) 2250 ISP liability 2258 IT (information technology) 451, 496, 505, 925, 1349, 1605, 1710, 1724,2143 IT adoption 160, 169 IT architecture 1845 IT competence 1911 IT competence models 1091 IT costs 620 IT enterprises 1713 IT governance 1844,2144,2149 IT governance design framework 1845 IT Governance Institute (ITGI) 1845,2146 IT governance maturity model 1845 IT infrastructures 167,1366, 1846 IT infrastructure integration 1863 IT investment 1846 IT Leveragability 40 IT literacy and training 1409 IT online (ITOL) 162 IT portfolio classification 931 IT portfolio management method- ology 930 IT portfolios 930 IT principles 1846 IT resources, access to 1692 IT solutions 164 IT strategy 308 IT-enabled service (ITeS) 1729 ITU 2292,2302 J JADE 544 Japan, PTS 1289 Java electronic commerce frame- work (JECF) 337 Juels-Weis scheme 890 Jwon Bank's IT architecture 1179 K Kanban system 1367 key business processes 685 11 key goal indicators 1845 key performance indicators (KPIs) 1313, 1845 kiosks printing services 1235 KM (knowledge management) 49, 111,915,928,2434 KM management systems 928 KM Quest 915 KM system 752 knowledge assets 926 knowledge building 1622 knowledge capability 40 knowledge consists of three domi- nant types 1976 knowledge creation 1973 knowledge directory 765 knowledge engineering 2417 knowledge loss 1986 knowledge loss, pitfalls of 1987 knowledge representation 2437 knowledge, explicit 1984 knowledge, exploitation of exter- nal sources of 1987 knowledge, in-practice 1983 knowledge sharing, model of 1967 Korea 1178 KPA (key performance areas) 1691, 1699 KPI (key performance indicators) 1705 K-WF Grid 99 large-value payment flows 2506 last-in-first-out (LIFO) 1356 late adaptors 155 layered agent pattern 2368 layering 329 LBS (location-based system) 1043 LBS module 1044 LEAP 2164 leapfrogging 1404 learner 1604 learning 1593 learning by doing 1612 learning capacity 40 learning game 915 learning management system (LMS) market 948 learning network, asynchronous (ALN) 1606, 1609 learning, asynchronous 1584 legacy systems 1361 leveraging e-business technolo- gies to achieve business agility 679 lexicons 2418 licences, acquiring 948 life cycles 683 limit order matching method 1295 Link Ferret software 2169 Linux 2165 Linux kernel 1712 Linux system 1714 list of scenarios 772 live exchange 394 local content management servers 412 locally believed 835 location-based services (LBS) 319,323,2341,2354 logistic providers, fifth-party (5PL) 161 logistic providers, fourth-party (4PL) 161, 162 low business risks 931 low-uncertainty, stable markets 353 M Mac makeup 2175 MAC spoofing 2175 magazine publisher's business model 1236 magazine publishing industry 1238 maintenance, retail, and operation (MRO) 1067 malicious agents 869 malicious host 867 malicious network entities 869 malware 2152 managed service providers 1694 management and operations 1702 management guidelines 1845 management level 40 management process 2132 management process stages 2136 management processes analysis 2140 manufacturing sub system 1353 MAPWeb 787 market maker method 1295 market segmentation 1742 marketing management 688 marketing mix 442 marketing strategies 1741,1744 marketplaces 400 marketplaces, private 1072 marketplaces, public 691,1072 Mars Inc. 1931 mass customization 691 MASSIVE methodology 2368 maximal posting prices 2564 m-commerce (mobile commerce) 550,551,851 Me2 1313 Me2 brands 1316 measure of sampling adequacy (MSA) 1448 media cue 1509 media richness theory 1620 medical sciences 2324, 2328 MerseyWorld 424 message transport 770 message understanding confer- ence (MUC) 2417 messages notification 934 messaging constraints 772 metadata 1701 metadata repository 762 metamodel 452,459 metatags 2257 metering systems 407 Mexican market 1222 Mchael 2161 microwave network 2199 middleware 241, 244 MIDlet applications 1560 military training 916 minimal posting prices 2564 Ministry of Economic Affairs, SMEs Administration (MOEASMEA) 161 mirror database server 408 mission-critical systems 2367 misspelling 2257 MIT90 Framework 1857 MITM 2176 mixed wireless networks 976 m-learning (mobile learning) 911 mobile access 1050 mobile agent technology 865 mobile agents 118,2183 mobile agents, behaviors of 541 mobile agents paradigm 535 mobile agents, security mecha- nism of 871 12 L Index mobile agents systems, security 865 mobile channel 1560 mobile code 2183,2184 mobile code programs, safety policies for 2195 mobile code technology 2183 mobile code, advantages of 2185 mobile CRM 1560 mobile CRM services 1558 mobile cryptography 2192 mobile data solutions 1121, 1122, 1125, 1133 mobile feedback 1568 mobile intelligent agent-based architecture 533 mobile Internet adopters 1567 mobile Internet use 1565 mobile network 2199 mobile office 1920 mobile office technology 1922 mobile office use 1920 mobile phone security (MPS) 1013 mobile phones 533 mobile service evaluation 1566 mobile services 1564 mobilisation 1385 mobility 2155 model-optimizer (MO) algorithm 396 modern integration technologies 766 Molnar-Wagner scheme 890 motivation 1578 Mozaic browser 1472 Mozilla 1712 MPEG-7 standard 2457, 2458 MRP (material resource planning) 684 MRP systems 60, 157 MRP systems, advantages 61 MRP systems, disadvantages 62 MRPII (manufacturing resource planning) 157 MRPII hierarchy 64 MRPII systems 63 MRPII systems, disadvantages 64 MRPII systems, functions 63 MS-CHAPv2 2164 MSS (manager self-service) 932 MSS technology 932 mTicket 557 multi-agent architecture for cooperation and negotia- tion in supply networks (MCNSN) 836 multi-agent systems (MASs) 783, 829, 834, 836 multi-attribute dynamic pricing 397 multi-channel marketing 1430 multilateral negotiations 2363 multimedia 2456 multimedia annotation 2457 multi-national corporations (MNC) 2142 multinomial logistic regression (MLR) 189 multiple regression analyses 1965 MyKeynote 1418, 1419, 1422, 1424 MySimon 394 N NASA 1581 NASDAQ 253 National Cyber Security Partner- ship (NCSP) 2147 national library system 2021 National White Collar Crime Cen- ter (NWCCC) 1829 natural language processing (NLP) 2413 need pull (NP) 424 negotiation method 1295 negotiation process 542 Net Economy 1911 NetBIOS 2177 Netscape 13 NetStumbler 2170 network address translation (NAT) 2156 network entities security 874 network externality effect 80 network interface card 2159 network performance 1697 network technology infrastructure 404 networking 1597 networks, electronic 1 new customer acquisition 443 NextGrid 99 NHSIA 1706 nibbling 1526 Nigeria 1255 Niku 930 No Child Left Behind Act 1578 non-compensatory WebDSS 1490 nonfunctional requirements 2394 non-quantifiable variables 1931 NORMAPME 2297 normative service models 352 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 2239 O obfuscated code 2193 object modeling technique 2404 oblivious transfer (OT) 874 ODETTE 2300 off-exchange trade rule 1290 Office of the Deputy Prime Minis- ter (OPPM) 2017 office supplies 1067 off-line research methods 1029 Oman banking industry 1159 Omani Banks 1169 Omenahotellit 555 on-demand software services 309 one-size-fits-all 1691 online advertising 1309 online auction 247 online business models 1238 online conference 912 online course delivery 1611 online courses, developing and delivering 635 online courses, development of 638 online courses, strengths and weaknesses 648 online education, benefits and challenges of 264 online education, business of 263 online education, strategies for 273 online educational marketplace, competition in 270 online escrow service 2544 online fleet management service 652 online knowledge market, model of 2559 online knowledge market, pricing strategy of 2556 online learning 911, 1606, 1610 online learning curriculum, di- mensions of 265 online payment methods, major advantages of 1191 13 Index online payment methods, charac- teristics of 1191 online payment services 2543 online payment system, adoption of 1189 online payment, factors affecting adoption 1193 online payments, major barriers of adopting 1191 online proficiency 1456,1458, 1459, 1462, 1464, 1465, 1467 online retailing 692 online sales 35 online service, magazine publisher 1236 online services 324, 750 online shopping 2102 online trading 393 online trust 1507, 1509 OntoGnd 99 ontological approach 342 ontologies 455, 2305, 2324, 2325,2414 ontology hierarchy 2305 ontology language organization 2310 ontology languages 2305, 2308, 2312 ontology organization 2315 ontology, quality of an 1336 ontology system 2313 open architecture 2000 open enrollment 1583 open source initiative (OSI) 1710 openness 331 operating resource management 159 operating system platform layer 2201 operating system weakness 2177 ORA (online reverse auctions) 1929, 1930, 1931 ORA, purchasing agent view 1929 order consolidation 1359 order entry 1359 order fulfillment 687 order maintenance 1359 order management 1359 order processing 200,319,321 ordering 2 ordering processes 355 order-to-delivery cycle time 684 Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Develop- ment (OECD) 2145 organisational efficiency 1662 organisational innovation 1662 Organization for Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) 228, 767, 2288 Organization for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe (ODETTE) 768 organizational interdependencies, decomposition structure of 496 organizational interdependencies, identification of 494 original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) 242, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2298, 2299, 2300 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 2156 OS environment 949 OS level security 2194 OSS (open source software) 1709-1722 OSS communities 1710 OSS, social aspects of 1709 OSS/FS community 1711 OSS/FS contributors 1712 OSS/FS, diffusion of 1714 OSS/FS, economics of 1714 outsourcing 162, 679, 683, 686, 690, 1705, 1723 outsourcing e-business 2047 outsourcing vs. in-house 428 outsourcing, first generation of offshore 2050 outsourcing, fourth generation of offshore 2050 outsourcing, risks of 1736 outsourcing, second generation of offshore 2050 outsourcing, securitization of services 1732 outsourcing, third generation of offshore 2050 outsourcing, types of 1726 OWL (Web ontology language) 1329, 1336,2331,2414 OWL class definition 1340 OWL-S Web services 518 owners/managers 1857 P P2P (peer-to-peer) 96 Pacific Council on International Policy (PCIP) 1039 packet analyzers 2171 packet switched data (PSD) 971 Packetyzer 2171 paperless environment 1360 partner interface processes (PIPs) 104 partnership approach (PA) 1477 partnerships 1930 patent 2253 patient intelligence 1706 pay-as-you-go 1692 payment coordinator 827 payment gateway 1400 payment management 200 payment processing 319,321 payment system fields 2496 payment systems 822, 826 payment systems, global trends of 2495, 2498 paypal 2543 payroll processing 934 PDM (product-definition manage- ment) 686 PEAP 2164 Pearson Correlation 1935 pedagogical ICT strategy 1591, 1593 pedagogical methods 1594 pedagogy 1611 peer-to-peer (P2P) 2338,2341, 2342, 2343, 2355, 2357, 2359 people-centered knowledge 1988 people-CMM process areas 929 perceived advantage 1194 perceived characteristics of inno- vating (PCI) 1923, 1924 perceived customer/organizational relationship 1166, 1170 perceived ease of use (PEOU) 1166, 1171, 1194 perceived organizational perfor- mance 1166, 1169 perceived relative advantage 1166 perceived risk (PR) 1193, 1925 perceived security (PS) 1925 perceived use (PU) 1194 perceived usefulness 1924 performance measurement 2145 14 Index perlocutionary acts 2396 personal computers (PCs) 842, 1608, 2022, 2033 personal digital assistants (PDA) 533,911,949, 1042, 1746 personal software agent 2468 personal/mobile portal 1375 personalization 759, 1430 personalized pages 765 personnel administration 926 person-to-person contact 920 PETs (privacy-enhancing tech- nologies) 895,906,909 PETs, business cases 895, 902 PETs, distrust 896 PETs, gentle 901 PETs.pseudo 900 PETs, savage 900 PETs, trust 896 PETs. technology role 899 phone/fax customers 1282 pilot testing 1493 ping flood attack 2174 pipeline design 162 pipeline structures 163 PITs (privacy-intrusive technolo- gies) 900 plug-n-play hierarchies 2009 PlusdialLtd. 558 PM (performance management) 944 PM systems 932 point-to-point (p2p) 977 Police Information Technol- ogy Organization (PITO) 1039-1040 police management 1042 policy development 178 policy initiatives 179,180 political dimensions 405 portal operations 1398 portal solution 751 portal vendors 763 portals 758, 1373, 1400, 2285, 2287, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2299, 2300, 2303 portals, building of 1398 portals, design of 1397 portfolio management 929 portlet 765 POS (point-of-sale system) 1138 POS start-up screen 1147 postal mail 1580 posted-price market model 393 post-execution evaluation 838 posting 2257 post-roaming notification 859 poverty 1260 practical cracking 2168 pragmatic implementation 1706 preferred content filtering 411 pre-Internet models 333 prepositional acts 2396 pre-roaming notification 858 price discovery and execution 1294 price setting 393 pricebots 394,400 PriceGrabber 394 price-importing reference market method 1294 pricing 1448 Primavera 930 primitives 2307 prior art 2255 priority management 1359 privacy 879,2073-2087,2101 privacy invasion 2101 privacy laws 909 privacy strategy 896, 897, 898, 900, 902, 904, 906 privacy typology 2075 privacy, and auctions 2089, 2098 privacy, and distrust 896 privacy, and trust 896 privacy, keeping in auctions 2092-2098 privacy-protecting behaviour 2082 privacy-sensitive business pro- cesses 898 privacy-sophistication index (PSI) 2075, 2076 problem-based learning 914 problem-solving initiatives 1040 process analysis 696 process approach 201 process control, interorganiza- tional 1879, 1880 process innovation 683 process integration 445, 446, 450, 949 process intelligence 446, 450 process management 483 process mapping 485 process measurement 484, 486 process specification language (PSL) 96 process structure 441 Proctor & Gamble (P&G) 982 procurement 686, 1065 procurement costs 239, 402 procurement process reengineer- mg(PPR) 1082 procurement software 1083 procurement transformation framework 1082 product choice variety 1456, 1457, 1462, 1464, 1465, 1466, 1467 product data management systems (PDM) 401 product design 686 product differentiation 1742 product life cycle cluster 94 product market 842 production cost, seller's 400 production planning management 1353 productivity 1040 profit maximization 442, 1802 program-level learning goal (PLLG) 641 programming language 786 progress monitoring and control 1364 Project Management Institute (PMT) 698 project mode 23 Projektori software 1599 promised ship date 620 property rights 1711 proprietary so ftware 1714 proprietary systems 2291 ProSight 930 Protege 1338, 1339,2415 proxy income statements 1233 pseudo-random function (PRF)- based 889 PTS (proprietary trading systems) 1289-1308, 1292 PTS, definition of 1293 PTS, guidelines for 1296 PTS, laws and regulations 1289 PTS, prospects of 1301 PTS. guidelines for establishment 1296 public key infrastructure (PKI) 87 public portals 758 public relations (PR) 200 purchasing agent 1929,1936 purchasing agent, high-experience 1936 15 Index purchasing agent, low experience 1937 purchasing efficiency 239 purchasing measurement and control 256 Purdue Enterprise Reference Ar- chitecture (PERA) 95 pure semantic registry (PSR) 504 pure-play 1692 put away area 1358 Q QFD (quality function deploy- ment) 314,324 QFD I Matrix 319 QFD II Matrix 320 Q-learning 398 qualitative methods 2291 quality 342, 1930 QA (quality assurance) 614,1606 QAzone 1358 quality management 1353 questionnaire preparation 1493 R radio frequency 2156 RADIUS 2164 RADIUS server 2155,2156,2165 rational approach 200 rational unified process (RUP) 735, 1139 RC4 2159 RDF (resource description frame- work) 458, 504, 1336, 1338, 1340,2414 RDF data utilization 2481 RDF namespace declaration 1340 RDF structure 1341 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 1050 redefining/restructuring 184 reduced overhead 445 reference model for electronic markets (RM-EM) 329 relationship building 40 relationship marketing 1442, 1443, 1444, 1449, 1454, 1455 relationship marketing 1746 relationships, collaborative 1930 relationships, long-term 1932, 1937 relationships, transactional 1930, 1932 reliability 1699 reliable comprehensive process automation 949 religion 1579 remote evaluation 2183 remote method invocation (RMI) 1140 request for entry permit 858 request for proposals (RFP) 1183 request for quotes (RFQs) 842 request for roaming permits 856 request for unfreeze key 859 request for unfreeze key and agent activation 857 request through source receptionist for entry permit 855 requirements gathering 1182 research design 1396 research methodology 1695 ResellerRatings 394 resellers 1694 resource utilisation 2145 resource-based capabilities 604 resource-based view 603,604 responsive supply chains 353 retail business 1137-1158 return zone 1358 revenue allocation 638 revenue increase 442 reverse engineering 868 RFID (radio-frequency identifica- tion) 162, 163, 322, 682, 879, 972, 982, 1654 RFID applications 882 RFID components 881,882 RFID networks 984 RFID systems 879,884 RFID tags 885 RFID transactions 983 RFID wireless networks 982 rich streaming media 911 risk 929, 2077 risk assessment 2136 risk aversion 1458, 1463, 1464, 1465 risk management 683, 1678, 2145,2150,2152 risk priority number (RPN) 1835 rituals and traditions 1741 rogue access point installation 2173 rogue access points 2173 ROI (return-on-investment) 680, 681,919-920 role-playing 916 RosettaNet 340, 341 RosettaNet implementation frame- work (RNIF) 104 route reply (RREP) 974 route request (RREQ) 974 routing 934 routinising 184 RPC (remote procedure call) 766 RTGS (real-time gross settlement system) 2498 RTGS in Germany 2503 RTGS, adoption of 2499 RTGS, merits of 2498 RTGS-XG (next-generation RTGS project) 2495,2503 RTGS-XG, benefits of 2509 RTGS-XG, feature analysis of 2507 RTGS-XG, global trends and 2507 RTGS-XG, implementation time- table 2507 RTGS-XG, outline of 2505 RTGS-XG, proposal of 2504 run the business strategy 929 run-time phase 769 S SAFER payment scheme 825 SAFER-based payment systems 826 sales and distribution (S&D) sub- system 1352 sales and operations planning 687 sales cycle, shortened 443 sales support 200 SAMAP 787 sandboxing 2188 SAP (Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenver- arbeitung) GmbH 1350 Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 2144 satellite TV 1580 SCs (supply chains) 154,156, 157, 165,354,679,2285, 2286, 2293, 2299, 2300 SC aggregators 362 SC agility 166 SC BPI procedure 493 SC collaboration 164 SC coordination mechanisms 490 16 Index SC Council (SCC) 484 SC design 687 SC division, integrated (ISCD) 163 SC dynamics 683 SC interdependencies 490 SC management 883 SC operations 679 SC operations reference (SCOR) 485, 486, 493, 496, 500 SCOR process reference model 484 SC planning, integrated 690 SC projects 164 SC redesign 691 SC relationships 163 SC strategies 163, 1351 SC structure 355 SC visibility 159,689 scanner 725 SCM (supply chain management) 53, 154, 157, 159, 161, 164, 166,352,354,394, 482, 490, 506, 680, 684, 830, 1068, 1121, 1260, 1329, 1330, 1349, 1656, 1871 SCM applications 160 SCM businesses processes 684 SCM in general 162, 164 SCM infrastructure 164 SCM matrix 156 SCM portals 160 SCM, problems in 831 SCM systems 165, 1350 SCM technologies, three 147 SCM, information flows 1330 SCM, role of 156 SDOs 2288,2289,2301 search engine 1311 search engine, intelligent 411 search engines 247 search server 765 SECI Cycle, socialization in the 1983 Secretary of State for Education and Skills 2020 sector-specific harmonization 2284, 2285 secure actigen system (SAS) 874 secure agent 851 secure authentication process 2198 secure socket layer (SSL) 874 Securities and Exchange Act 1293 security 822, 824, 826, 879, 1040, 1044, 1699, 1742, 1744, 2131,2132,2147 security architecture 874 security attacks 2156 security blueprint 2131,2134 security constraints 772 security control 2131,2132 security control analysis 2139 security control layers 2134 security goals/solutions 870 security in mobile agent systems 865 security issues 2183 security loopholes 2155 security safeguards 2156 security threats 865 self-discipline 1608 self-efficacy theory 1456,1458, 1459, 1461 self-organizing software develop- ers 610 self-presentation 1623 selling management 688 semantic database 2477 semantic gap 451 semantic information 2305 semantic information processing 2317,2319 semantic knowledge transparency 2433 semantic registry 523 semantic service-oriented archi- tecture 504 semantic triangle 772 Semantic Web 451,782, 1341, 2304, 2305, 2324, 2434, 2455, 2456, 2468 Semantic Web and e-business 2317 Semantic Web applications 2328 Semantic Web applications, medi- cal science in 2328 Semantic Web language 458 Semantic Web services 518 Semantic Web services registries 512 Semantic Web standards and ontologies 2323 Semantic Web technologies 46 semantics 1335 Sensis Pty Ltd. 1309, 1310 Sensis Search 1310 sensor systems 407 separation policy of banking and commerce 2214-2227 service discovery 772 service provider 785 service quality 1544 service quality impact models 352 service requester 785 service sector 347 service set identifier 2158 service strategy triad 351 service value chain 362 service-oriented architecture (SOA) 504, 505, 507, 508, 767 service-oriented development and integration (SODI) 1138 service-oriented retail business information system 113 7, 1137-1158 services management 348 services topologies 351 session hijacking 2176 shared context 1985 shared interest 1622 shared values 926 ship date promising simulation 624 shopbots 394,400 shopping convenience 1456, 1460, 1462, 1464, 1466, 1467 shopping experience 1604 short message service (SMS) 966, 971 shortage management 1359 signaling incentive 1712 signature based intrusion 282 SIMDAT 99 simple network management pro- tocol (SNMP) 2139 simple object access protocol (SOAP) 682,767,785, 1079, 1080, 1830,2115 SIMS 786 single point of entry 2293, 2299 single sign-on (SSO) 2206 single touch point 759 situated learning 914 situated problem 915 small business 1764 small business collaboration, 17 e-busmess framework for 993 small business collaboration, generic e-catalogue frame- work for 996 small business collabora- tionthrough electronic marketplaces 992-1001 small/medium agents (SMAs) 845 smart surveillance system (3S) start-up screen 1146 smart surveillance system (3S), deployment of 1155 smart tags 882 SMEs (small- and medium-sized enterprises) 77, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 174, 178, 184, 185,421,604, 704,741,830,949,1002, 1056, 1064, 1254, 1373, 1396, 1400, 1653, 1654, 1829, 1854, 1980, 2284, 2285, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291,2292,2293,2295, 2296, 2297, 2299, 2300, 2303 SMEs and e-business 221 SMEs in national and world economy 155 SMEsinNigeria 1258,1267 SMEs in particular 163,166 SMEs in standards setting 2292 SMEs in standards-setting bodies 2290 SMEs, adoption 166 SMEs, challenges of 231 SMEs, characteristics of 222 SMEs, e-business adoption by 1256 SMEs, e-business adoption in 223 SMEs, evolving Web presence of 197 SMEs, IT adoption in 222 SMEs, Sub-Saharan Africa 1254 SMEs, successful 1980 SMEs, Web services-based e-busi- ness systems in 219 Smithsonian Institute 1581 SMP Europe 1859 SMS-tickets 558 Smurf attack 2174 sniping 1526 SNOMED 2329 social ability 784 social activity theory 112 social anonymity 1612 social distance 912 social equality 912 social inequality 2017, 2020 social justice 19 social presence 1507 social presence cues 1509 social presence theory 1620 social responsibility 2056 social ties 1987 socialization 1983, 1984 socio-cultural imperatives 1265 socio-technical interaction 608 software agents 823 software development kit (SDK) 1185 software development, coopera- tion in 1599 software engineering 907 Software Engineering Institute (SEI) 1731,2229 software informalisms 613 software-as-a-service (SAAS) 309, 1691 solicit assistance 839 SOMA (secure and open mobile agent) 875 SOMA agent 875 sourcing methods 1937 sourcing strategy 1932 South Korea 1178 specialized knowledge 1605 speech act theory 2396 speed searching 406 spin-off companies 1598 spin-off company, e-entrepreneur- shipof 1598 SRM (supplier-relationship man- agement) 684 SRM processes 693 SRM systems 159 stable supply process 353 staff proficiency 446 stage models 201 stakeholders 2285,2291,2292, 2294, 2297, 2298, 2300 stakeholders groups 3 standardization 2284 -2297, 2298, 2299, 2300 standardized component parts catalog 409 standardized technology 2290, 2295, 2299 standards 2132,2284,2285, 2287, 2288, 2289, 2290, 2291,2292,2293,2294, 2295, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2324 Standards Australia (SA) 2146 standards developing organiza- tions 2288 standards setting 2285, 2287, 2288,2290,2291,2297, 2300 standards setting bodies (SSBs) 2290,2291 standards setting process 2285 stock allocation 1359 stock keeping units (SKUs) 842, 1355, 1358, 1360, 1368 strategic alliances 1930 strategic asset (talent) manage- ment 926 strategic management 1591 strategic planning 1592 strategic planning 435 strategic sourcing 685 strategic supply-chain design 687 strategy development 709,711, 713,715,716,721,722 strategy map 1595 strategy/planning level 39 stream ciphers 2160 strengths, weakness, opportuni- ties, and threats (SWOT) analysis 273, 1277 STROBE 1768 structural equation modeling (SEM) 160, 1463 student commitment 1608 student lifestyle 1608 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) 1254 subscription fees 677 supervised agent transport 854 supplicant 2164 supplier exchange 244 supplier power 270 supplier relationships 1930 supplier, economic performance of 1930 suppliers 2284, 2285, 2286, 2290, 2293, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2303 18 Index supply network partners, degree of integration 147 supply network, information nodes 148 SupplyOn 2295, 2296 supply-side activities 1121 supply-side perspective 1695 supporting sales and operations planning (S&OP) 684 sustainability 1270 sweepstake participation 1451 symbiotic e-health networks model 2574 synchronous communication 911 system architecture design 1349 system interface design 1365 systematic approach 1 system-directed activities 1360 systems design 408,411 systems development 314, 322, 324 systems development lifecycle 324 T TACSCMgame 842 TAC/SCM 845 tagger 2422 taxonomies 762, 896, 1692 TCO (total cost of ownership) 1691, 1700 TCP (HTTP) protocol level 1423 TCP SYN flooding 2174 TCP/IP Local Area Network 1363 TCP/IP networks 1349,1362 Team India 1729 technical infrastructure 2391 technical tools 1968 technological innovation 1374 technology acceptance model (TAM) 1163, 1923,2031 technology bubble 245 technology dependence 330 technology independence 330 technology infrastructure 404 technology legitimacy 187 technology push (TP) 99, 424 technology solutions 405 technology stack 2337, 2338, 2340, 2357 technology, fear of 25 technology-oriented models 328 teleland 1610 telephone interviews 207 telework, definition 195 Telnet 2139 telnet protocol 1365 temporal continuity 784 temporary key integrity protocol (TKIP) 2155,2157,2161, 2162 Tesco.com 551 textual information 2416 theory of planned behavior (TPB) 1162 theory of reasoned action (TRA) 1161 Third Estate 2297 third world country 1577 third-generation cellular systems 967 third-party logistic providers (3PLs) 161 tier-1 suppliers 2286, 2294, 2295, 2296 time division multiple access (TDMA) 966,971 TM (time control) 936 topology 21 total quality management (TQM) 552,1315 TPM (transaction processing monitor) 766 trading-partner agreement (TPA) 767 traditional EDI system 1994, 2000 traditional learning 1606 traditional outsourcing 1696 traffic analysis 2176 transaction authority markup language (XAML) 96 transaction cost theory 1930 transaction costs economics (TCE) 1473 transaction fees 677 transactional domain 927 transaction-oriented layer (TOL) 97 transactions 828 transdisciplinary competence 1912 transform 20 Transform the business 930 transformational skills 2579 transgenic supra-level transforma- tional power 2580 transition and maintenance plan- ning 1364 transitional approach 240 transmission control (TCP) 974 transmission control (TCP) proto- cols 974 transparency 18 transponder 881 transport layer security (TLS) 874,2164 Tropos methodology 2368 trouble ticketing system (TTS) 2140 trust 1472-1485, 1505, 1744, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1937, 2074, 2076 trust, varying dimensionality of 1506 trust-based computing 872 Turku Polytechnic 1591 typosquatting 2249 U U.S. Army 916 UK health sector 1691 UML (unified modeling language) 96, 454, 735 UML class diagram 2342, 2343 unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) 79, 1923 ' uniform Invensys parts numbering system (UIPN) 409 uniform parts number 408 uniform resource indicator (URI) 767 UmGnds 99 unique identifiers 773 United Kingdom 2017 United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) 767 United Nations standard products and services code (UN- SPSC) 409 universal database server 412 universal description, discovery, and integration (UDDI) 504, 766, 767, 786, 1080, 2115,2118 universal encryption mixnet 887 universal mobile telecommunica- tion system (UMTS) 971, 1746 19 Index universal standards and frame- works 16 unsupervised agent transport 857 urbanization 1605 URL Mortality 1427 usage analyses 319 user datagram protocol (UDP) 974,2164 user profiles 763, 765 utilities vendor database 248 utility computing 1691 utterance acts 2396 validation 1701 value 929 value chain 348, 357, 358, 359, 1843, 2075 value chain analysis (VCA) 314, 319,324 value chain management model 358 value chain relationships 359 value chain, physical 357 value chain, virtual 357 value creation 1690 value stack 2337, 2338, 2357 value-added replenishment pro- grams 692 value-driven implementation methodology 696 value-oriented framework 1874 Valvex 1352 vapourware 249 variable-price 1692 VE (virtual enterprises) 92 VE using groupware tools and distributed architectures (VEGA) 97 vehicle to a roadside wireless ac- cess point (V2R) 987 vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) 976,987 vendor choice, socio-technical factors 414 vendor managed inventory (VMI) 692, 1282 vendor selection 1183 venture 930 verifiable distributed oblivious transfer (VDOT) 874 vertical communication 1619 vertical industry portals 1374, 1400 vertical integration 683 Vickrey auction 2088-2098 videoconferencing 1748 viewpoint 328 virtual card 762 virtual communities 669, 677, 1639, 1740, 1742, 1744 virtual communities, concept of 1631 virtual communities, sampling of 1637 virtual communities, U.S. and Chinese 1630 virtual community models 669 virtual community tools 1635 virtual community types 1632 virtual community, sense of 677 virtual learning 1591 virtual learning environment 911 virtual learning resource centre (VLRC) 1604 virtual learning, strategies for 1590 virtual organizations (VO) 92, 1222, 1655 virtual private networks (VPNs) 309, 1698, 1836, 1996, 2138,2164 virtual public 677 virtual reality 1609 virtual service 917 virtual teams 1750 VirtualCom 321 visibility 683, 1697 visualization of interaction 2406 volatile development process 2391 vulnerabilities 2156 W WAP (wireless application proto- col) 682, 967, 971 WAP Server 949 war driving 2156, 2169 warehouse operation 1358 Web application 404 Web authoring 428 Web based applications 1361 Web browser 949 Web directory 424 Web infrastructure solutions 1423 Web map services 1049 Web portal system 2002 Web portals 1374 Web presence 421,423 Web servers 22, 761 Websites 195, 197, 1002 Web site design 1633, 1645 Web site traffic 1409 Web sites, commercial 198 Web sites, content analysis of 210 Web sites, monitoring of 208 Web sites, use of 257 Web technology 1854 Web-based EDI 1334 Web-based e-learning business 660 Web-based information systems (WBIS) 2389 Web-based tools 934 WebDSS, types of 1488 Web-enabled agent technologies 781 Web-enabled database system 407 WebPlan 786 WEP (wired equivalent privacy) 2156,2159,2162 WEP encryption options 2155 WEP, problems 2168 Western media perceptions 1727 Western Region Economic De- velopment Organisation (WREDO) 1373, 1383, 1396, 1398 Westin's model 2075 White Pages 772 wide area network (WAN) 309, 1698, 1922 WiFi (wireless fidelity) 971, 972, 1747, 1748 WiFi protected access (WPA) 2163 WiFi technology 973 WiMAX (worldwide interoper- ability for microwave access) 22, 971 Windows 32 949,2165 wireless access for vehicular envi- ronments (WAVE) 987 wireless bridge 2156 wireless broadband (WiBRO) 971 wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) 968, 971 wireless networks 972, 1363 wireless networks, security in 980 wireless personal area networks 20 V . Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) 767 United Nations standard products and services code (UN- SPSC) 409 universal database server 412 universal description, discovery, and integration. 2324 Standards Australia (SA) 2146 standards developing organiza- tions 2288 standards setting 2285, 2287, 2288,2290,2291,2297, 2300 standards setting bodies (SSBs) 2290,2291 standards. 2300, 2303 SMEs and e -business 221 SMEs in national and world economy 155 SMEsinNigeria 1258,1267 SMEs in particular 163,166 SMEs in standards setting 2292 SMEs in standards-setting bodies