626 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SC RIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES. OUIZZES. AND MODEL TESTS Asslstant: •••• ' •• ''''-'';-;-~ •. -;-;'-" ~ - "!" . - ,._ . ./I - •• -~ , .• - • • , _ "",i.;.; ! and help you get registered later today. Audio " Why does the student go to the admissions office? An s wer 0 He Is trying to enroll In classes. Audio ". What Is missing from the student's rile? Answer • A Ifanscript from County Community College AudiO "'. Usten again to pM of the conversatloo and then answer the following question. Replay "Oh. and you havGn~ boan able to register for yow courses he<e at State UniYorsity because the computer shows that you are missing some 01 your application materials. Is that it?" Audio Why does the woman say this: Re pl ay ' Is that ~r Answer • The admissions assistant paraphrases the problem and then asks for confirmation that she has understood H. ' Is that ~r means "Is th at COfTeCI?" Audio 21 . What does the woman suggest that the man do? Ans wer 0 Con~nue to request an official transcript f rom County Community College Audio 22 . What wUlthe student most probably 00 ncN/1 Ans wer • Go to the office for transler students to be a5S~ned an acMSOf Audio L ect ure Narrator: Usten to part of a lecture In an anthropology class . Professor: TIlIt ooO(;ltpts of peWit!" and aulhority an t ralaled. bul they' re not the same . Power 18 the ability to exercise inlluence . and control over olhers. And this can be observed on eV8I'Y level 01 society, from, well .•. the re lationshi ps within a family to th e relationships among nations. Power Is usually structur ed by customs and . • . and soc!al lnstltutions or laws and tends to be exerted by persuasive arguments or coercion or . . . or even brute foroe. In generel. groups with the greatest, uh. resources tend to have the advantage In power struggles. So. Is power always legitimate? Is it viewed by members 01 society as Jus~lied ? Well. no . Power can be reaiil:ed by individuals or groups . . . even when it Involves the r es i s- tance of others if as long as .• • as Ioog as they're In e position to Impose their will. ~ ~~~ ~ !i@jQabOUl~"" I "'IO""'. on la rJ ~ Okay. When Individuals or insMutions posse$S aulnority. they nave. um. a recognIzed and estab- lished right •. • to determine poliCIes. with the acceptance 01 those over . •• over whom they exercise con· trol. Max Weber, t he German classical sociologist, proposed three types 01 authority In society: trad itional. charismatic, end ratiooel or legal euthority. In IlIlth r oo types. he , uh. he acknowledged the right 01 \hose in positions 01 power to lead . . . with the consent 01 the governed. ~ ftiiiiitIIIlj _' i/riCI tiii ttiiiitlM ol"iiililifij Well, he divided them according to how the right to lead and the duty 10 tallow are. uh , interpreted. In traditional authority. power resides in customs and c0nven- tions that provide certaJn people or groups with legitimate power In the ir societies. DIlen their origin is found In sacred tredltlo ns. The example tha t most often OOffles ta mind is a monarchy In which kings or EXPl.ANATORV OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€L TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 627 queens rule by by birthright, no! because 01 any particular quality of leadership or political e1ec- tion , just because they have a claim 10 attlhority, based on tracitional acceptance of their position, and in some cases, their, uh , their. uti, unique relationship with and , uti, responsibility In religiOuS practices. The ""., ., In any case, going back to Webef, 10 quality for charismatic authority, a leader must be able 10 ""',,' In the seMce of a a cause mat translom\$ the social structure In some way. WhIch leaves us with legal ralionalaulhority, or power that Is legitimized by rules , uh, laws, and pr0- cedures. In such a system, leaders galn authority not by Ir!ldltlonal birthrights or by charismatic appeal but but rather because they're elected or appointed in aa:ordance with the law, and power Is de1e- gated 10 layers 01 officials who owe their aUegiance to the, uh, principles that are agreed upon rationally, and because they accepl the Ideal that the law Is supreme. In a legal rational society, people accepItha legitimacy 01 authority as a govenvnent of laws, not of leaders. So , an example of this type of authority might be a president, like Richard Nixon, who was thraatened with, uh, Impeachment because he was perceived as not governing within the law. Some sociologists have postulated that the three repe-8Sefl1 stages of evolution in sodety. That preindustrial societies tend to respect , but, uh, as sodeties move into an Industrial ag~.' ~'~ "" ~ij~~~ ' ~ ural rise of 1 rismatic ~ Audio 23. What Is the main purpose 01 this lecture? Anl_ A The distinction between power and authority is made in the in\Jodl.lCtion . but the mar. purpose of the lecture Is to discuss three types 01 authority. Aud io An l_ Aud io An_ Audio , Audio , 24. e 25. e C 26. Why does the professor mention Kennedy and Reagan? They were examples of charismatic leaders. Accordi ng to the professor, what two factors are associated with charlsrnatic authority? An attractiva leader A social cau se Usten again 10 part of the lecture and then answer the following QUestion . "But what about power that Is accepted by members of society as right and just, thaI Is. legitimata power? Now we'ra ta lking about authority. And thaI's what I want 10 locus on today: Why does the professor say this: "But what about power that Is accepted by members of society as right and just, thaI Is , legitlmata power?" Professors often ask questions 10 introduce a topic. After the question. she continues, 'And thaI's whall W8l1t to focus on today" [authorityl. C lht a~r EXPl.ANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND UD IO SCR IPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEl TEST 3 629 =,. . ~ cy: CD G) ~ Look at this ciigram. Here's an example 01 an anlidfne. As you can see, !he OllIS trapped under a formation 01 rock that reserrtIIes an arch. That's because the arch was ben1 from a previously flat forma- tion by uplifting. In this anticline, the petroleum is trapped under a fOfTTlation 01 nonporous rocI< with a gas deposit dlrectty over It . Th is is fairly typical 01 an anlicline. Bacause gas isn't as dense as oil. It rises above It . The dome O'o'erthe top can be /Od( as In this example, Of It could be a la)"8f 01 clay. Tbe impOrtanllhlog 'Is lhallhe cap of lPIJlOIous ma!erial WQO' l let!he oil or gas pass upwants or sldeways 8JJ)Uf1(I iL EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSW'ERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 3 &31 Audio 32. Audio 33, Ani B Why does the prolessor say Ihis: "Now why would thai be so ?" He plans to answer the question. Professors otlen use rhetorical questions In !heir lec- tures . By poMg a question that they plan to answer , they help students follow the maln """' . Select the diagram of the anticline trap that was desaibed In the lecture. Click on the correct diagram. Ar1 anticli ne trap Is shown irI diagram B. Identity the nonporous rock in the diagram. Click on the oorrect leiter. In all traps, the oil is collected in the porous rock and trapped undervround by the n0n- porous rock. Audio 34. According to the profassoJ, what do geologists look for when they are trying 10 locate a dome? An_ A A bulge in an oIherwise IIa 1 area lA, 1"'·',," Audio Conversation Narrator: Ubfarian: Student: Ubrarian: Student: Ubrarian: Student: librarian: StucIant : Librarian: Student: Librarian : Student: I ""'. " Student: Librarian: Student: Librarian: Student: Librarian: Student: Usten to part of 8 conversation between 8 student and a li brarian. Hi, how can I help you? Okay. w en, who 's the profess«? You see , we keep the files under the professor's name because there are a couple of sections and the requirements are a little different . Qh , okay.It 'a, uh , Dr. Parsons. Umhum . Parsons? I don' see any books I think it's a DVD . Qh , yes. Here it is . . . Qh , wait, actually, there are two of them. Bullhat 's all right. Now sa I need Is your studentlD . NoptOblem . There you go. Now , these will be due back atlhe desk In two hours. Two hours? But that won' 611611 give me time 10 go home and . on , you can' leave the library with reserve materials. You have 10 use them here . But we have some DVD players In the booths behind the reference S8CIion . I think there are S6vefal free now . j.T., , ~ ____ r-'T '~""'-:"'''' ';'" _ l L:. ,_ ~.·I ~L·".I ." ', j 1 ,I _ Well. you can' take materials out again until someone else has used them because the prolessor only left one copy 01 each . Sorry. Look, maybe two hours will be enough. I don~ think 80 . on , I see. W&II, when do you have class? TOITIOITOW morning. I know I should ha.ve come In earlier, but this Isn' my only class . I had an exam earli er today, and I was Just waiting to ge t that oot of the way. I see . Wall, look, why don' you •.• I sn' there any way to get an exception to the policy? I'm alraid not. Oh . Okay \hen , let me just cheek 001 one of the DVDs . That way, if I finish It, I can check out the other one for two hours, right? righted a1er 632 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, aUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS Librarian; Student Ubrarian: Student Ubfarian: Student: Ubrarian: SluOent: Librarian: Siudent: Librarian: Student: Librarian: Student: Librarian: Siudent: Libfarian: Siudent: librarian: Student: Ubrarian: Audio An lwer 35 . • , , ' ~ - ;a. , '. I ,>. l' >_ u A \C JL· __ QittnilijljflJ Yes. but you have to have it back when the library opens the next day and . . . Bul l oould do thaI. Oh , I'm sorry, you were going to say . Well, It you don~ relum the material to the reserve desk when the l ibrBfY opens, then there's a ten-dollar line for the first hour and e five-dolar fine for awry hour after that . . , Ihat it's late, I mean . The usual lee Is one dollar lor every hour but when iI's an overnight . . . Ouch. II's a stiff fine because we need students to take the privilege seriously. Otherwise, other students who need to use the reserve materials wouldn~ have access to them, Oh, I understand. And another thing. Sometimes ffiOfe than one person Is trying 10 use the overnight priv- ilege so . . , so sometimes when you wait until the end of the day Oh. And there Isn' any way to put yeor name on a list Of anything? No, not really. it's first come, lirst served. O~ay , Okay. Then, I thtnk Ilt go ehead and take the one ova out now because I can slin Iry to get the second one I? Sure. ~ J L l J. _' 1 ;-:-' . Well, then, Do you still want to take out one 01 the DVDs? Yeah. I might es well get ana 01 them out 01 the way so 111 only I'lave one lell to watch. Walt a minute. Your 10. Oh, I'm sorry, I thought I showed It 10 you. You did, but I need to keep II here at the desll until you return the materlals. What does the man need from lhe librarian? MateriallOf a cLass-Business 21 0, taught by Dr . Parsons . AudlQ 36. What is the man's pcObi&m? Anlwer B He needs to prepare lor a class discussion. Audio 37. Replay Audio Raplay An swe r 0 AudiO 38. An swe r 0 Audio 39. An swer • Listen again 10 part 01 a conversation and then answer the lollowing Queslioo. MI don~ know II it will wor1t lor yeo since you have a morning class, but II you check out reserve material less than two hours belOfe the library closes, then yeo can have it overnight • • "CNemighl?" What does the man leel when he says this: "Overnight?" His lone expresses surprise and inter est What is the poliCy for materialS on reserve? Materials may be checl<ecI out overnight two hours before closing. What does the librarian Imply when she tells the man 10 return at nina o'clock? Because reserve materials can be checked out two hours before the IibrBfY closes, and Ihe librarian tells the man 10 come back at nina o'clock, she Implies thai the IibrBfY will close two hours latet", or eleven O'clock. )pynghted rna n 11 EXPLANATORV OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS ANO AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 133 Ls'BIhICI B "L1mrArtIIIE Cuss" Audio Lecture NarralOf: USlen 10 part 01 a lecture In a meralure class. Professor: ¥ Ii began with the formation In 1836 01 the Transcendental Club in Boslon, Massachusetts, by a group 01 artists and writers. There's evidence thai the group was Involved In somewhal 01 a protesl agai nslthe intellee- rual climate 01 Harvard. Interestingly enough, many 01 the Transcendentalists were actually Harvard educated, but they never met in Cambridge. Remember, at thiS time Harvard had only eleven profes- sors. and at least eleven members could be expected to attend a meeting of the Transcendental Club. So their Intellectual community was large enoogh 10 rival the Harvard laculTy. All right then. Their CritIcISm of Harvard was that the prof8SSOfS were 100 conservattve alii Old fash- '\oned . Which, come 10 think 01 It, I sn 'l an unusual attitude IOf st u den ts when they lalk about their proless.or.! Bul. in fairness, the ctassroom method of recitation that was popular at Harvard required the repetili on 01 a lesson without any operational understanding of it. In contras!. the Transcendentalists considered themselves modern and liberal because thay prelerred a more operational approach to edu· cation. Bronson Alcott translated TranSCendentalism I nlo pedagogy by encouraging the students 10 think. using dialogues and journals 10 develop and r&a)fd their Ideas. Language was viewed as the con' nection between the Individual and society. In 1834. Alcott established the Temple School near Boston Commons and tater founded a form of aduM education, whiCh he referred to as COnversBfion . th is was really a process whereby the give and take In a conversalion became more Important than the doct ri ne that a teacher mlghl have been Inclined to pass on to st\/dents, an approach that stoad in diametriC opposition to the tradition at Harvard that encouraged students \0 memorize their lessons. __ v ~ ,.~ ~~ ~ ~ . , .",. ,. , , According to the Tran.se&ndontalists, t he Justification 01 all r the Individual. So . In the literature 01 the time, the Transcendentalists Insisted thai it was basic human nature to engage In sell-expresslon. and many Interpreted this as encouragement lo r them to write essays and Olher opinion pieces. One 01 the most distinguished members 01 the club was Ralph WaJdo Emerson, who served as edilOl'" 01 the Transcendentalist's literary magazine. the Di8/. His writing stressed the Importance 01 the individuel. In one 01 his best·known essays, "Self·Reliance." he appealed to Intuition as a source 01 ethiCs, that people shoUld be the j udge 01 their own actions, witholJt the rigid restrictions 01 society. You the , the Unitarian Church, In which Intellectuals ~ ~~~::~~~~:~:~~ ~ ;;; ;;.~"" " ";;" ! ' came up devoted to the idea of a Utopian society or at least 10 a pastoral retreat withoul would be responsible lor tend· Ing the garcians and maintaining the buildi ngs , preparing the load, and so forth. And quite a lew were Involved In some sort of communal living. Brook Farm was probably the mosl SliCCesslul 01 lhese c0op- erativeS, aMhough M lasted Oflty six years. Brook Farm and some 01 the other experimental communit ieS brought to the surlace the problem that the Transcendentalists faced when they tried to reconcile a cooperative SOCieIy and Individual Ireedom. Both Emerson and Thoreau declined 10 participate In Brool< Farm because they maintained that Improvement had to begin with an Individual. not a group. From 1841 \0 1843, Emerson and Thoreau lived and WOI'I<e<! together in Em8fSOll'S home. exchang- ing ideas, developing their philosophies. and Upon leaving Emerson's home. Thoreau buiM a small the shores of Walden Pond he li ve<! alone lor it ittcici:JUi; pyr h ff' r II EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TE ST 3 637 P ro fessor: Okay, leI's put it this way • the scientific method is a process lhat we need to keep in mind as we do the wor1I of scientists. but we shoold also understand thalli 's an Idealized process for making objective judgments about whether a proposed model 01 natu re is close to the truth. And we should also keep In mind thai In the wotk 01 sclenllsts. olhllf fadors are also broughl 10 bear on lhose Ideal sleps 10 the process. Audio 47 . Anlwer • Audio . Replay Audio Replay Anl_ • 10 49 . Anlwer C Audio SO . Anl_ A Audio . Anlwer • What is this discussion ma inly about? The scientific method Why did the professor give the e)(8(llple of the ancient Egyptians? To prove that facts may be interpreted differently Uslen again to part 01 the discussion and then answer the lollowing Question . "So e hypothesis Is a proposed mocIeI. · "R igh t But lel's pul th is all together, shall we r Why did the professor say this: "But let's put this all together. shall we?" He Is beginni ng a review 01 the process. Professors often use the phrase "put It together' when they are summarizing. restating. and darilylng several parts 01 a coo- ""I. According 10 lhe professor, w11at did Kepler do 10 verily h is theory of planetary motion? He used prior obsetvations to test the model. 'Nhal can be coocllJded from information In this discussion? A model does not always raflee! observations. What tochniquo does tho profosoor U 80 to o~ptoin tho procticol application ot tho GCIon · tlfic method? An a~ample 01 Kepler's work, w111ch included Intuition and lucie ~ Spoaklng o Model Test 3, SpNklnljl Section, CD 6, T,.ck 1 "'l'fI&Mr SnuM tIuEmDtr 1 "A I"Mla I'tlsSUSjQf" Narrator 2: Number 1. Usten l or a question aboola fa miliar topic. Alter you hear the question. you have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds 10 record your enswer. Narrator I: A possession is an obieCI that you own . II you were asked to choose one possession thai you prize highly, w111ch one would you choose? Why? What mal<.es this possession especially valual)le 10 you? Use specific reasons and details to e~plaln your choice . Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer alter the beep . p )pynght mater I . OUIZZES. AND MODEL TESTS Asslstant: •••• ' •• '''&apos ;-& apos;' ;-; -~ •. -; -; &apos ;-& quot; ~ - "!" . - ,._ . ./I - •• -~ , .• - • • , _ "",i.;.;. AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€L TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 627 queens rule by by birthright, no! because 01 any particular quality of leadership or political e1ec- tion , just because they have. EXAMPLE ANSWERS ANO AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR MOOEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 3 133 Ls'BIhICI B "L1mrArtIIIE Cuss" Audio Lecture NarralOf: USlen 10 part 01 a lecture In a meralure class.