546 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES, OUIZZES, AND MODEL TESTS Friend: Siudent: Friend: Siudenl: Friend: Siudent: Friend: Studenl: Frklnd: Did you OOcIcIe 10 lake Johnson's class? Yeah . I'm go i ng to 'N'Orl< it out somehow. Yesterday I wa l ked from the chemistry lab to Hamilton Hall- that's whe re Johnson's class Is. M" And it look me twenty minules. Uh-oh. You only have fifteen minutes between classes, so that means you'lt be five minttles late. Uslen, why don~ you buy a bike? I'm sure you could cui alleasl five min· utes off your time if you took. the bike Irell. I thought about that. But then I'd have to gel II license, and I'd have 10 find somewhere 10 SlOre it at night I thought it might be a hassle. on, it's not so bad . t have it bike. The license is only ten doll ars , and I just parll my bike on the deck outside my apanment when !he wtliither 'S good . And the weather should be okay IOf most of spring semester. ThaI's true . Well, your olher option Is to talk with Dr. Johnson. Maybe he'l give you permission 10 be live mi nu t es late 10 his class because ot the distance lrom you r lab. Actually, I've had several classes with him. and he seems very appfoachable. Anyway, it 's an a~er native to t he bike, if you don't wanl to do that. Narrat Of t : De scri be the woman 's problem, and the two suggestlons t ha t her friend makes about how to handle it. What do you th in k lhe woman should do, and why? NarratOf 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep . p [Preparation tlma: 20 secoods] N ar rator 2: Ple ase begin speaking aft er the beep . p [Reoo<ding time: 60 seconds] p Narrator 2: Number 6. listen 10 part ot a lect1Jre . Then listen for a question about It . Aller you hear the question, you have 20 seconds 10 prepare, and 60 seconds to record you r answtl r. Narrator 1: Now Hsten to part 01 a lecture in an astronomy clas s. The professor is discussi ng the habit· able zone. Professor: 01 oourS8 , s tar s ate \00 iloilo 5IJppoo-t ~f"" bl.JllIlOiI lighl from a ", las warn1!> orbi~ng pilUltllli or moons, supplying the energy needed lor li fe to develop. Besides energy, a Iiq\lid, la r s say, a chemical solvent of some ki nd , is elso necessary. On Earth, t he solvent in which lite developed was wa ter, but others such as ammoola, hydrogen Ruoride , or methene might also be appropriate. So , In order for the solvent to remain in liquid f orm. the planet or moon must l ie within a certaln range of distances Irom the star. Why Is this so? Well, th i nk about i t. II !he planet is t oo dose to t he st ar, the solvent will change into a gas, boil- Ing and evaporating. 1/ it is 100 lar Irom the star, the solvent win freeze, transforming into a sotid . For our ANSWERS AND AUOIO SCRIPTS FOR OVIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 547 sun and lite as we knoW it, the habitable zone appears 10 tie between the orbits ot Venus and Mars, Within th is range, water remalns liquid, And until recently, this area was Indeed the accepted scieotiflc defin~ioo 01 the habitable zona tor our solar system. But now scientists have postulaled lhat the habit· able zone may be larger than originally supposed. They speculate that the strong grav~ational pull caused by larger planets may produce enough energy to heal the cores 01 orbiUng moons. So that means thai Ihese moons may support ijle. There may be habitable zones lar beyond Venus! Narrator 1: Using the main points and examples !rom the lecture, describe the habitable zone , and then exptaln how lhe definition has been expanclecl by modem scientists. Narrator 2: Please prepare your answBl" aftBf lhe beep. - [preparation time: 20 seconds] Narrator 2: Please begin speaking alter the beep. - [Recordi ng time: 60 seconds] - Pro gross Chart for tho Speaking Qu iz The chart below will he lp you evaluate your progress and datennine what you need 10 practice again. First, compare your answers on ItIe quiz with the Example Answers. Use the Checklists in the Aeview to ovaluate specific leallJres of your speech. NeKl, check the Problem Types to locate which ones were most difflCUH for you . Aeview the Referral Pages thai correspond to the Speaking Problem for each question that you missed. Finally, review the Academic Skills In Chapler 3. Ouiz p-~ """,,,r - Ouestion Type' ""'~, SkiN Referral Psges , Experiences , SummariZing Problem 25, pages 235-236 T aJdng Notes 2 Prelerences 2 SummariZing Problem 26, pages 236-237 Taklng Notes 3 Reports 3 Synthesizing Problem 27. pages 237- 239 Taking Notes 4 Examples 4 Synthesizing Problem 28, pages 239-241 Taking Notes 5 Problems 5 Summarlzlng Problem 29, pages 241-243 Taking Notes , Summaries , Summarizing Problem 30, pages 243-245 Taking Notes )pynghted maken 11 S48 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTlVmes . QUIZZES. AND MODEL TESTS n Example An .weB, CO 5, Track 1 1IufJ_1: ExAWtE_ The movie Ihat has Inlluenced my Ihinking the most is Fantasia because it's my first memocy of classi· cal music and ballet. One reason the movie was so Impressive is . um , I was at a V8fY impressiooable age when I saw it-five years old. Besides Ihat. 1t was made us ing the latest technology. In the t9505, it was amazing 10 see detailed animation and and hear high qualify sound . But what really innueoced me was the music and the dance 5Cef'leS. I especially remember M ic key Mouse dancing with the brooms and I'm sure I look ballet lessons because of it. The coordination of the stor m sceoe with the music'rom The Hall 01 the Movnlain King stiR Impresses me when I see it today and, Ihanks to wan 015' ney, claSSical music is still my favorite music, I lhink It's good to evaluate leachefs by !heir student's perlonnace on standardized leslS because when teachers and studeots are judged by the same criteria, they" 'NOr1t efficIenUy lOward the same goals . Now some teachers argue that tests aren' important but still, students need good scores lor admission to universities so lhe tests are important to them. II teachers were evaluated on the same basis, then they would pay more attention to the criteria on tests to design their lessons so both students and teach, ~ would benefit. Another reason to use this evaluation is to c:ornpare teachers from different schoots on a standatdlzed scale. And this system would be more lair , too, because the possibility of a teacher getting a high evaluation because ollriendstrlp with the supervisor is also elim i nated. ~rw 3: F"'wu Arswa The student said that he mostly agreed with the policy lor Instate tuition but he disagreed with a couple 01 requirements. For one Ih lng. you can' use a campus address as a permanent address. but he's a dom'I student, and he exptained that he's lived in the dorm lor tlvee years because he's gone to school every summer without returning to his patent's home to 1M! so the dorm realty Is his permanent address right now. He doesn' think he should have to use his parent's out~-state address. Besides that. he nasn' been subsidized by his parents. In the poliCy, the most recent taxes must be tiled in the stale 01 resideoce but. uh . he dido' make enough money to pay taxes. He didn' mention in which state he had his voter's registration or car registration and driver's licenses, but he said that he plans to continue liv· ing and worIUng in the state after graduation, and he thought thai he should be eligible for a waiver of the out-of-stale fees . ".4: ExA11PU AIrIra The experiment with Kanzi is Important because It supports the theory that language should be acquired In natural settings instead 01 in a fom1al cfassroom. Previous research to teach primates to communi· cate Included d irect Instruction In American Sign Language and , ull . alSo pIa.stie Shapea thai could be arranged on a magnetic board. Earlier research ••. I think It was with Kao.!:I 's mother . it replicated this formal approach. But when Kantl learned vocabulary by observing the lessons, the direction 01 the experiment changed. In Informal sellings with trai ners , KanzI acquired a vocabutary of about 200 IiItOrds , and began to create sentences with words and gestures to • ' . to communicate with human , uh, com· panions. Children of our own species learn by Informal interaction with adults. The Kanzl elCperiment suggestS that this may be e better way 10 teach language to primates. ngh eel aler ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 651 Although ~ can be argued that voice mall and a-mail ara more efficient, and in many ways, more convenieot, I still prefer to communicate in person, 0( if that Is not possible, by lelephone. fn my experi- ence, laca-to-Iace Interactions arG best lor a number 01 reasons. In the Ilrsl place, when you hear lhe speaker·, lone of voice, you are better able 10 judge the attitude and emollons that ca n be easily hidden In a written reply. In add~ion , the exchange is more Immediate. Even Instant messaging Isn' as last as a verbal interaction In person 0( by phone. E-mail seems efflCieol; however, sometimeS muniple mes- sages over several days lUll required 10 clarify the information that a short phone call would have taken care of In one communication. We nave al1lried 10 relum a voice mail only to hoar a rooording on lhe original caller's voice mail. Clearfy. no real communication is possible In a situation that allows only one person to talk. Moreover, the body language and the expression on the speaker's lace often communi· cate more than the words themselves. Research Indicates that more than 80 percent of a message is norwerbal. The way that a speaker stands 0( sits C8lllndicale interest 0( disagreemeot. The eye contact and the movement of the eyebrows and the mouth can actually communicate the opposite of the words that the speakar Is saying. FInally, no technology has suoceecIed In duplicating a firm hanclshalla to close 8 deal, a hug to encourage a friend, or a kiss goodbye. Until a-mail and voice mail C8ll provide the subtle communication, the Immediate int&faction, and the emotional satisfaction 01 a faca-Io-face cort- versation, complete wilh facial expressions and gestures, I win prefer to talk Instead of to type. )pynghlOO maier I 552 ANSWERS ANO AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTMTIES, QUIZZES, ANO MOOEL TESTS EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTS MOOEL 1UT 1: PREnST ~ R dlng 1. C • Beowulf was written by an anonymous [author unknow n] Englishman in Old Engl ish." Choice A is not correct because it is one of lour surviving manuscripts. ChoIce B is not correct because it was written in old English about Germanic characters. Choice 0 Is not corr ect because scholars do not know it it is the sole surviving epic: from about A.O . 1000 . 2. B 'Althoug h Beowulf was written by an anonymous Englishman in Old English, the tale takes place in that part of Scandinavia from whictl [that part of Scandinavia] Germanie tr i bes emi· grated to England." 3. A "Iron was accessible everywhere in Scandinavia, usually In the form of 'bog Iron' found in the layers 01 peat In peat bogs.' Choice B Is not correct because the auihof had alteady stated that the best swords had iron or Iron-edged blades. Choice C Is not correct because the Celts taughl the Northmen how to use the materials, but they cIid not provide the bog iron. Chok:e 0 is not oorrect because the bog iron does not relate to the date. although 500 B.C . is mentioned as the time when the Northmen learned how to forge Iron. 4. A Sod6tyln~on E nglandparaph r ases 'Anglo-Saxon society .' . both8dVancedpara· phrases '"neither primitive ,' and aJlturedparaphrases"nor unc:ull\.lred .' Two negatives 100( and -tM'Ij produce an affirmative meaning. 5. B In this pas6a~ , rare is a synonym lor 'unique .' Context comes from the reference 10 the "sole surviving epic" in the beginning 01 the same sentence. S. B ' . the original manuscript w as probably lost during the ninth century . , in which the Oanes destroyed the Anglo-Saxon monasteries and their great libraries.' Choice Ais true but it Is not the reason that scholars believe the original manuscript was lost. Choice C is not correct because the Oanes were Invaders. not poets . ChoicEJ 0 is not correct because the location of the IiscovllfY is not mentioned, although the alllhor may have been a monk . 7. 0 'Although t he 8eowulfmanuscript was written In about A.D . 1000 , it was no l discovered unlil t he seventeenth century .' Choice A is not c:orrect because the first century was the data the ma n· uscript was written . not discovered. Choice B Is not correct because the ni nlh century was the date when the original manusaipt may have been lost. Choice C is not correct because some scholars think lhat the manuscript was written in the eleventh century. 8. A Because the word "app81ently" means "appearing to be so,' the alJlhor is expreSSing doubt about the In lofmalion that follows, ' . [the BeowuItpoetJ was a ChriStian.' Choice B is not cot · reel because the word "obviously" would be used. Choice C is nol correct because the phrases "lor example" or 'kif Instance' would Signal an e~ . Chok:e 0 Is not correct because evi· dence would not be presented as "appearing to be so .' 9. A ' Beowulf is a very appealing hero . . . Like Hercules .' Choice B is not COfT8ct because a light with a dragon is mentioned in refetence to Beowulf but not tD Hercules. Chok:e C Is not COI'fect because the DaniSh hero's welcome is the only reference to a speech, and It was jeaJ· ous , not Inspiring. Choice 0 is 00 1 correct because the lime period f or the ~fe of Hercules is not mentioned. 10 . B In th is passage, demonstrates is a synonym for " edlibits .' rlghled aler EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS fOfl MOOEL TES1"Sr'.!OOEL TEST 1 553 11 . C In this passage, refuse Is a synonym lor 'reject: Conte:d comes from the contrast with " accept" in the previous sentence. 12. B AOd ition Is a transttiona! device that connects the Insert sentence with the previous sentence. Moreover signals that additional, related Information will follow. " they (scholars) disagree" .efers to "Scholars do nol know" In the previous sentence. 13 . E, D, F summarize the passage. Choice A Is true, but it Is a minor point that establishes the t ime period for the poem 6nd refe.s to mojo. point D. Choice B is INII, but it is It dotoil Ihot roloro to major point E and eJ:plains why there may be only one manuscript. Choice C is nol clear from the In formation In the passage. 14. A "The most basic mech6nlsm [for maint6nance of wann body tempe ra ture) is the high meta- Wic '1IItt: ClJOictttI B, C, lind 0 life 1111 Wllyll IQ ml<inlllin body Itt""p ", tu , uul ll ~ , nul It most fundamental adaptation. IS . 0 " In some mammals. certain hormones can cause mi tOChond ria 10 Increase their metabotic actJvity and produce heal Instead of AlP . This n on l hlverlng thermogen esis (NSn ." Choice A Is not correcl because thermogenesis Is the activity thet generetes heet, not the heat loss. Choice B Is not correct because broWfl fat is ooe e)(8fllple of a more generatized process. Choice C is not correcl because thermogene Sis is a response to the environment 10 maintain the health 01 the animal, not a prooass thaI maintail'ls the enviroon"lfll'lt. 16 . B A passive grammatical structure In the passage Is paraphrased by an active grammatical struc· ture In the answer choice. 17. 0 In th is passage, smalJestls a synonym lor "minimal." 18. B "For eJ:ampie, heat loss from a human is redvced when anns and legs cool." Choice A is not correct because goose bumps, not heat loss in the e:dremities, is a vestige of our evoiutioo. Choice C Is not correct because no direct comparisons of lhese processes are made In the paragraph. Choice 0 Is not correct because the types of Insulation are mentioned bef o re the concept of vasodilatation and vasoconstrletJon are Int roduced. 19 . D In this passage, COlI/roils a synonym lor " regu tate." ConteJ: t comes from the reference to "tem- perature dillerences" at the end of the same sentence . 20 . B "The toss of heat to water occurs 50 10 1 00 times more rapidly than heat loss to air." Choice A Is not correct because hair loses Insu lating power when wei. but the evolution of marine ani- mals Is not mentioned. Choice C 1$ not COfrect because dry ha ir Insula te s bener than wet ha ir. Choice 0 Is not correcl because there Bfa t and animals that are 01 similBf size . 21 . 0 " marine mamm$ls maintain body c:o<1iI temperatures 01 &bouI36-00"C with metabo l ic: .ale s about the same as those [metabolic ra tes] 01 land manvnals 01 Similar Size." 22 . A " . capable 01 astonishing feats of thermoregulation. For example, small birds called chiek· adees . . . hokl body temperatura nearty constant" Choice B Is not correct because the food supply suppons thermoregulaijon, which Is the maln point of the e)(8fllple. Choice C is not cor· rect because chickadees. are capable of astonishing feats 01 thermoregulatioo. Choice 0 Is not COIrec;\ because the reason for heat production In animals Is expla in ed before the example of the chickadee. 23. 0 Choice A is mentioned in paragraph 6. sentence 7. Choice B is mentioned in paragraph 6, sen· tence 8. Choice C Is mentioned In paragraph 6, sentences 3 and 4. 24 . B In this passage, improve Is a syoooym for "enhance: Conte)(\ comes Irom the reference 10 "promote" In the previous sentence. 25. A Reference is a transitiof"lal device that connects the inse rt sentence with the previous sen- tence. " . •• a layer 01 fur or leathers" and "how much still air the layer [01 fur or leathers! traps' in the insert sentence refers to" . fur or leathers" and "a thicker layer of air" in the previous sentence. )pynght mater I @Il ~ ~ ~ EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 1 S55 >- listening () Model T ell 1, Umnlng Section, CO 1, Track 1 Uhf 1 "IE 7 CEmu" Audio Conv.raallon Narrator: Man : Woman : Man : Woman : Man : Woman: Man : Woman: Man : Woman: Man : Woman : Man : Woman : Man : Woman: Man : Woman : Man : Woman : Man: Woman : Man : Woman : Man: Woman : Man : Woman : Usten 10 a conversallon on campus between two sludenlS. Hi. Ate you Paola? Jim ? H I. Nioo 10 meet you. Glad to mee l ;;;;' ''';Q English composition, and I'm 001 doing very well on my essays. RIght. Um. well. tirslle!'s see iI we can rlgore CUI a ti me 10 meal . . . thai we ' re both tree. Oi<ay. How about Mondays? Maybe in the morni ng ? I don' have any classes ontil eleven ()(I Mondays. Thai woold wM , bot I was hoping we coold, yOll know , meet mote lhan once a week. Oh . Well , Toesdeys are out. I've got cl asse s and, oh, I work allhe library part time ()(I Toesdays and Thorsdays. But I could get together on Wednesdays. In lhe morning? Probably nine-thirty woold be best. That way we'd have an hoor to work befOfe I'd h ave to gel ready for my eleven o'clock. So that woold be two hoors a week then ? I could do that. - In._I" No . Um, j ost so you meet me here at the Learning Center, and DIt ~ Totoring is fr ee, to you, I mean . The school pays me . Bol Wi! both have 10 show op. • iifiiIi' - Oh , don' worry about that. I really need the help. I won~ miss any sessions onless t'm sick Of something. Okay Ihen. So you want me to help you with your essays? R ight. I coold bring you some thai have , you know, comments on lhem. I'm getti ng C's encl. .• Well , thaI's 001100 bact. Once I see some of your writing, Wi! should be able 10 puillhat op to a e. YOIl think so? Sore. But I need 10 explain somethi ng . • ,. . , ~ : ~ " ._ & :.O.l ._~~~ 01'1, I onderstand that. Bot you" read my essays, right? Oh yeah . No problem. We'l read them logether, and 11 make suggestions. Great. I think part 01 the problem Is I jo st don' onderstand the leadler's comments. Maybe you can help me figore them out. Sore . Who 's the teacher? Simpson. ,ljmgh maler I . and a-mail ara more efficient, and in many ways, more convenieot, I still prefer to communicate in person, 0( if that Is not possible, by lelephone. fn my experi- ence, laca-to-Iace. kiss goodbye. Until a-mail and voice mail C8ll provide the subtle communication, the Immediate int&faction, and the emotional satisfaction 01 a faca-Io-face cort- versation, complete. SummariZing Problem 26, pages 23 6-2 37 Taklng Notes 3 Reports 3 Synthesizing Problem 27. pages 23 7- 239 Taking Notes 4 Examples 4 Synthesizing Problem 28, pages 23 9-2 41 Taking Notes 5 Problems