EXERCISE 13. Passive modals. (Chart 10-6) Directimrr: Complete the sentences by changing the active modals to passive modals. 1. Someone must send this letter immediately. I + This letter wkst be seht immediately. 2. People should plant tomatoes in the spring. + Tomatoes in the spring. : 3. People cannot control the weather. + The weather 4. Someone had to fix our car before we left for Chicago. + Our car before we left for Chicago. 5. People can reach me at 555-3815. , 6. You can find flowers in almost every part of the world. - + Flowers in almost every part of the world. 7. Someone ought to wash these dirty dishes soon. + These dirty dishes soon. 8. People may cook carrots or eat them raw. I + Carrots or raw. 9. If the river floods, water could destroy the village. + The village if the river floods. 10. You must keep medicine out of the reach of children. + Medicine out of the reach of children. You shouldn't pronounce the "b" in "lamb." !,,,;I ;,,- , ., . People can wear some watches underwater. -+ Some watches : underwater. - EXERCISE 14. Active vs. passive. (Charts 10-1 + 10-6) DitecFMns: Complete the sentences with any appropriate tense, active or passive, of the verbs in parentheses. In prehistoric times, huge herds of horses (live) lived throughout the 1 Americas. But then, for some unhown reason, they (disappear) 2 completely from North and South America. Even though the early horses (dl) out in the Americas, they (survive) in Asia. 3 4 Long ago, horses (domesticate)* by central Asian 5 nomads. At first, horses (use) in war and in hunting, and oxen 6 (use) for farming. Later, horses also (become) 7 8 farm animals. Horses (reintroduce) into the Americas by 9 Spaniards early in the fifteenth cennuy. Spanish explorers (cume) in 10 ships to the New World with their horses on board. When the explorers (return) to Spain, they (leave) some of their horses 11 12 behind. These (dewellop) into wild herds. Native American 13 tribes in the western plains (begin) to use horses around 1600. Wild 14 horses (capture) and (tame) for 15 16 use in war and in hunting. 81 In the 1800s, there were several million wild horses in North America. By the 1970s, that number had become less than 20,000. The wild horses (hunt) 17 k .$. and (kill) principally for use as pet food. Today in the United ~ .<\ 18 States, wild horses (protect) by law. They (can kiU, not) 19 for sport or profit. What is your opinion? 20 (wild hors, d protect) by law? ,Ls." 21 ,+- -* .h, "' *People domesticate (tame) snimals, y; EXERCISE 15. Active vs. passive. (Charts 10-1 - 10-6) Directions: All of the sentences in the following passage are active. Some of the sentences should be passive because it is unknown or unimportant to know exactly who performs certain actions. Change sentences to the passive as appropriate. Discuss your reasons for - : making changes and for not making changes. - (1) Cheese has been a principal food throughout much of the world for thousands of years. fi-y wade (2) in Asia around four thousand years ago. (3) Today people eat it in almost all the countries of the world. (4) Pwple can eat it alone, or they may eat it with bread. (5) People can melt it and add it to noodles or vegetables. (6) People can use it as part of a main course or as a snack. (7) Throughout most of the world, cheese adds enjoyment , , 'I and nutrition to many people's daily diets. ., ~ ., (8) Cheese is a milk product. (9) Cheesemakers make most cheese from cow's milk, but they r , ch make it from the milk of goats, camels, yaks, and other animals, including zebras. (10) Some kinds of cheese, such as cheddar, are common in many parts of the world, but you can find other ,;. .<, :, ,,%" >.% $1 . . ., , kinds only in small geographical areas. .,., ,. ' :., , . ; i (1 1) Cheesemakers produce cheese in factories. (12) They have to treat the milk in special ways. (13) They must heat it several times during the process. (14) At the end, they add salt, and \'Y they pack it into molds. (15) They age most cheese for weeks or months before they package and :Zuo 1%) , sell it. (16) They usually sell cheese to stores in large round pieces that they seal in wax. ., ' (17) You can see these big rounds of cheese in food stores like delicatessens. (18) I like \,t! 'i', >: cheese and buy it often. (19) I don't know all the names of different kinds of cheese. (20) Often 1. I,i ./I I can't pronounce the foreign name of the cheese I want. (21) When I go to the delicatessen , . . ~ ~ . . near my apartment, I simply point to a kind of cheese that looks good to me. (22) I hold my The Pasalve 291 thumb and forefinger wide apart if I want a lot of cheese or close together if I want just a little. (23) Frank and Anita, who work behind the cheese counter at the deli, always seem to give me just the right amount. (N) I'm glad cheese is nutritious because it's one of my favorite kinds of food. I lo-i USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (STATIVE PASSIVE) - 88 .'WE- (a) Paul is YWW. (b) Paul is tall. (c) Paul is hu*gry. 88 f PAST PARTICIPLE (d) Paul is rnarrkd. (e) Paul is tired. (f) Paul is frightened. (g) Paul is married to Susan. 01) Paul was excited about the game. (i) Paul dl be prepandfor the exam. Be can be followed by an adjective. The adjective describes or gives information about the subject of the sentence. Be can be followed by a past participle (the passive form). The past participle is often like an adjective. The past participle describes or gives information about the subject of the sentence. Past participles are used as adjectives in many common, everyday expressions. Often the past participles in these expressions are followed by particular prepositions + an object. For examole: ma-d is followed by to (+ an object) excited is followed bv about (T an obien) ~,~~~, prepared is followedbyfor (j en object) SOME COMMON BXPRESSIONS WITH BE + PAST PARnCIPLB 1. be acquainted (with) 13. be excited (about) 25. be opposed (w) 2, be hd (with, by) 14. be exhausted @m) 26. be pleased (m'th) 3. be bmken 15. be finished (with) 27. be prepared Cfor) 4. be closed 16. be frghened (of, by) 28. be qualified (fm) 5. be composed of 17, be gone @m) 29. be related (w) 6. be crowded (with) 18. be hurt 30. be satisfied (with) 7. be devoted (w) 19. be intemted (in) 3 1. be scared (of, by) 8. be disappointed (in, with) 20. be imwlved (in, with) 32. be shut 9. be dimed @am) 21. be located in, south of, etc. 33. be spoiled 10. be done (with) 22. be lost 34. be ternfid (of, by) 11. be drunk (on) 23. be made of 35. be tired (of,,fmm)* 12. be engaged (w) 24. be married (to) 36. be worried (about) *I'm tlrcd ofrhe cold weather. = I'm hnd enough cdd iwarhrr. I wnt rk wanther m pr warm. I'm -from working hard all day = I'm axhourtad &came I ded hard OU day. EXERCISE 16. Statlve passlve. (Chart 10-7) Directim: Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs in italics. Include prepositions as necessary. Use the simple present. 1. scare 2. interest 3. disappoint 4. please 5. saris& 6. mawy 7. relate Most children are scav~d 4 loud noises. Jane ecology. My parents me because of my low grades. My boss my work. I my progress in English. Tony Sonia. Alice Jones Anna Jones. They're first cousins. This is the last item in this exercise. We this exercise now. EXERCISE 17. Statlve passive. (Chart 10-7) , K , Directions: Complete the sentences with the expressions in the list. Use the simple present. ~. , . . ;I be broken be located be sarisjied be composed be lost be scared , c.V~tn~, 1,; ., , <,J. , 'Y: ; be mwded be made be spoiled be disappointed be qual$ied Jbe worried ;. ,!.;'j .;;;,, ,,! ! 1 1. Dennis isn't doing well in school this semester. He is wowied about his grades. ; : ,li 2. My shut of cotton. :I?t >! 3. I live in a three-room apartment with six other people. Our apartment I' I!! .: . I : I , 4. Vietnam in Southeast Asia. 1, ;i, i .i .:: . -, , . . :r.: ;" It! 5. I'm going to go straight to bed tonight. It's been a hard day. I 6. Excuse me, sir, but I . Could you please tell me how to get to the bus station from here? 7. My tape recorder doesn't work. It The Passive 293 8. Holly and I are sisters. We to each other. 9. We leave a light on in our son's bedroom at night because he of the dark. 10. Alice thinks her boss should pay her more money. She not with her present salary. 1 1. The children . I had promised to take them to the beach today, but now we can't go because it's raining. 12. YOU with Mrs. Novinsky? Have you ever met her? 13. According to the job description, an applicant must have a Master's degree and at least 't;!; five years of teaching experience. Unfortunately, I not for that job. 14. This milk doesn't taste right. I think it . I'm not going to I jI~[rn~idrink it ,. a . j,,, I ,,,kc, ,,,, , , 15. Water of hydrogen and oxygen. , ,.' ,, EXERCISE 18. Statlve passive. (Chart 10-7) , ,,. . Directions: Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions. K'.'', ! ' a 1. The day before a holiday, the food stores are usually crowded wifh last-minute shoppers. .r- , 2. Are you qualified that job? 3. Mr. Heath loves his family very much. He is devoted them. 4. Our dog runs under the bed during storms. He's temfied thunder. 5. My sister is married a law student. 6. Are you prepared the test? 7. 1'11 be finished my work in another minute or two. .) 8. Jason is excited going to Hollywood. 9. Ms. Brown is opposed the new tax plan. 10. Jane isn't satisfied her present apamnent. She's looking for a new one. , ST,> I 11. Janet doesn't take good care of herself. I'm worried her health. 12. I'm tired this rainy weather. I hope the sun shines tomorrow. 13. In terms of evolution, a hippopotamus is related a horse. 14. The students are involved many extracurricular activities. 15. Are you acquainted this author? I think her books are excellent. 16. When will you be done your work? 17. I'm starving! Right now I'm interested only one thing: food. 18. The children want some new toys. They're bored their old ones. 19. Sam is engaged his childhood sweetheart. 20. Our daughter is scared dogs. 21. You've done a good job. You should be very pleased yourself. EXERCISE 19. Stotive passive. (Chart 10-7) Directions: Work in pairs. Speaker A: Begin the item. Don't lower your intonation. Your book is open. Speaker B: Finish the item with a preposition + .vomeone or something. Speaker A: Decide whether B has used the correct preposition. (Refer to Chart 10-7, p. 292, if necessary.) Repeat the entire item, emphasizing the preposition. Example: SPEAKER A (book open): I'm worried . . . . SPEAKER B (book closed): . . . about something. SPEAKER A (book open): Right. I'm worried about something. 1. I'm interested . . . . 2. I'm mamed . . . . 3. I'm scared . . . . 4. I'm related . . . . 5. I'm disappointed . . . . 6. I'm qualified . . . . 7. I'm satisfied . . . . 8. I'm prepared . . . . 9. I'm acquainted. . . Switch roles. 10. I'm opposed. . . . 11. I'm frightened . . . . 12. I'm excited . . . . 13. I'm engaged . . . . 14. I'm exhausted . . . . 15. I'mtired 16. I'm finished . . . . 17. I'mdone . . 18. I'm involved . . . . Repeat the exercise. Use only the past participles as cues, and make your own sentences. Example: worried SPEAKER A: worried SPEAKER B: The students are womed about the next test. . rounds of cheese in food stores like delicatessens. (18) I like ,t! 'i', >: cheese and buy it often. (19) I don't know all the names of different kinds of cheese. (20) Often. information about the subject of the sentence. Be can be followed by a past participle (the passive form). The past participle is often like an adjective. The past participle describes or gives. the subject of the sentence. Past participles are used as adjectives in many common, everyday expressions. Often the past participles in these expressions are followed by particular prepositions