[...]... blending, storage, and trading of petroleum products Surinder Parkash, Ph.D xv This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank P ● A ● R ● T ● 1 PETROLEUM FUELS This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER 1 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS Liquefied petroleum gas, commonly called LPG, is also known by the names of its principal generic components, propane... information on specialty manufacturing processes The selection of a petroleum product for a specific job has become more challenging Specifications and the test methods used on petroleum products are important for the proper selection of a petroleum product for a given end use Part 1, the first six chapters, is devoted to petroleum fuels Part 2, the remaining chapters, deals with petroleum specialty products... engaged in petroleum specialty manufacture and the handling of petroleum products than are found in refineries Although petroleum fuels are generally made in refineries out of crude oil distillation, petroleum specialty products are made in relatively smaller downstream units starting with refinery streams as feedstock A refinery may produce five or six basic products, such as liquified petroleum gas... manufacture, blending, properties, specifications, and uses of petroleum fuels and specialty products (products made out of petroleum feedstock for nonfuel use except petrochemicals) There are a very large number of specialty products petroleum solvents, bitumen for paving and industrial uses, lubricating oils, greases, white mineral oils, carbon black, petroleum coke, spray oils, and so on—to meet the requirements... waterproofing in house roofs, feedstock for petrochemicals, synthetic fibers, and plastics Petroleum feedstock is used in the manufacture of white mineral oils in eye ointment, hair oils, cosmetics, petroleum solvents, and pest control sprays Transportation fuels, however, remain the most important use of petroleum The consumption of petroleum products throughout the world is ever-increasing to meet the rising... presents manufacturing processes, product blending, and specifications of various petroleum products To make the book useful to the professional in the petroleum industry, an in-depth treatment of each subject not normally found in textbooks is provided It is hoped that this book will be of direct interest to students and all those engaged in the manufacture, blending, storage, and trading of petroleum. .. / 316 Base Oils for Hydraulic Fluids / Brake Fluids / 319 References / 320 313 316 Chapter 20 Petroleum Products as Pesticides 321 Spray Oils / 321 Chemical Insecticides / 325 References / 340 Chapter 21 Hydrocarbon Solvents Nonpetroleum Solvents / 341 Petroleum- Based Solvents / 341 Major Applications of Petroleum Solvents / References / 355 341 344 Chapter 22 Refrigeration Gases Freons / 357 Refrigerants’... / 388 Naphtha Recovery / 389 Hydrotreating Process / 390 Hydroprocessed Base Stocks / 391 Petroleum Sulfonates / 391 Petrolatums / 392 References / 428 Appendix 429 Index 441 377 PREFACE Petroleum products are everywhere around us They appear in visible forms, such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and aircraft fuels, and in less visible forms over the entire spectrum of industry, such as automobile lubricants,... Coking Process / 141 Operating Conditions / 145 Fluid Coking Process / 150 Petroleum Coke Types / 154 Properties of Calcined Coke / 156 Uses of Petroleum Coke / 158 Aluminum Smelting / 160 Titanium Dioxide Production / 161 Steel Production / 162 Graphite Electrodes / 162 References / 163 141 CONTENTS Chapter 9 Carbon Black xi 165 Manufacturing Processes / 166 Channel Black Process / 166 Gas Black Process... Environmental pollution affects everyone on the planet During the last two decades, the manufacture and blending of petroleum products has changed rapidly, with a view to reduce atmospheric pollution and conserve petroleum feedstock The lead phaseout from gasoline, sulfur reduction in all transportation fuels, and new lube-making technologies that produce longer-lasting engine oils or lower fuel consumption . w0 h1" alt="" PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK Including Specialty Products and Sustainable Manufacturing. and trading of petroleum products. Surinder Parkash, Ph.D. This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank PETROLEUM FUELS P ● A ● R ● T ● 1 . uses of petroleum fuels and specialty products (products made out of petroleum feedstock for nonfuel use except petro- chemicals). There are a very large number of specialty products—petroleum