124 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 3 Answers Word Prefix Meaning Word Meaning 1. euphonious eu good pleasing sound (you-phone-ee-us) 2. graphic graph write written 3. microfilm micro small small film 4. apogee gee earth farthest point from Earth in satellite's orbit (ah-poe-gee) 5. monotheism mono one one God 6. geology geo earth study of the earth 7. hydrology hydro water study of water (hi-drah-lo-gee) 8. euphemism eu good substitution of a mild expression for one that may offend (you-fah-miz-um) 9. demagogue dem people rabble-rouser 10. euphoria eu good feeling of well-being (you-for-ee-uh) Even More Greek Prefixes Study the following ten additional Greek prefixes. As you read each one, look up and repeat the information to yourself. Then, write some of the least familiar words on note cards. Refer to these cards often to help you lock these testworthy words in your consciousness. Prefix Meaning Examples Definition pan all panacea cure-all peri around perimeter outer measurement phil love philanthropy love of humanity phob fear phobia fear poly many polyphonic many sounds pseudo false pseudoscience false science psycho mind psychology study of the mind syn, sym together synthesis putting together tele distance telephone phone theo God theology study of God or religion 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40124 Chapter 6: All About Prefixes 125 www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 4 Directions: Identify the prefix, define it, and then define the word. Feel free to look back at the chart if you need to refresh your memory. Remem- ber: practice makes perfect. Word Prefix Meaning Word Meaning 1. synopsis _______ _________ _______________________ 2. telecommunication _______ _________ _______________________ 3. pandemic _______ _________ _______________________ 4. polynomial _______ _________ _______________________ 5. symmetrical _______ _________ _______________________ 6. Pan-American _______ _________ _______________________ 7. polyglot _______ _________ _______________________ 8. symbiosis _______ _________ _______________________ 9. telepathy _______ _________ _______________________ 10. polygon _______ _________ _______________________ Vocabulary Builder 4 Answers Word Prefix Meaning Word Meaning 1. synopsis syn together summary 2. telecommunication tele distance communication across distances 3. pandemic pan all widespread disease 4. polynomial poly many a math expression having two or more terms 5. symmetrical sym together identical parts 6. Pan-American pan all all of the Americas 7. polyglot poly many knowing many languages 8. symbiosis sym together two dissimilar organisms living together off each other 9. telepathy tele distance through transference 10. polygon poly many figure with many sides 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40125 126 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com The Greek Prefix Arch- An architect is a person who designs and oversees the construction of buildings. The Greeks called their architects architektons, or master builders. The word comes from the Greek prefix archi (chief) and the root tekton (workman). The Greek prefix arch and the verb from which it is derived—archein (to be the first, to rule)—appear in many English words. The prefix is generally defined as “chief.” The following chart shows some of these “arch” words that you are likely to find especially useful on the TOEFL. Prefix Example Definition arch archbishop chief of the church province arch archetype original pattern or model (ar-keh-type) arch archaic ancient (ar-kay-ic) arch archive a place where public records are stored (ar-kive) arch archangel chief angel The Greek Prefix Cata- Also from the Greeks comes the prefix katarasso, meaning “down rushing,” as in rain or a river. Today, we use the word cataract to mean a waterfall or a deluge. As a medical term, a cataract is an opacity that blocks light from entering the lens of the eye. From these examples, it's clear that the word retains its sense of being a floodgate as well as a flood. The prefix cata- is defined as “down, against, or wholly.” Prefix Example Definition cata cataclysm calamity (cat-uh-kliz-um) cata catalyst reactant (cat-uh-list) cata catapult throw, hurl (cat-uh-pult) cata catastrophe disaster (cah-tas-stroh-fee) cata catacomb underground passageways (cat-uh-kome) 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40126 Chapter 6: All About Prefixes 127 www.petersons.com LEARNING WORDS WITH LATIN PREFIXES Latin has given us some extremely useful prefixes. The Latin prefix circum is a case in point. Circum, which means “around,” can be used to form many useful everyday words. Here are twelve such examples: The Latin Prefix Circum- Word Definition circumjacent surrounding circumambulate walk around circumference the outer boundary of something circumfluent flowing around circumfuse envelop circumlocution a roundabout way of speaking circumnavigate to sail around circumpolar around the North or South Pole circumrotate to rotate like a wheel circumscribe restrict circumspect cautious, prudent circumvent to get around Ten Latin Prefixes Study these ten Latin prefixes, their meanings, and examples. Prefix Meaning Examples a to, toward ascribe act, ag do, act action ad to, toward adverb ante before anteroom bene good beneficial bi two bicycle clud, clus close exclude inclusion co, com with, together coworker, commotion con, col with, together conduct, collaborate contra against, opposite contraband cur run current 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40127 128 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 5 Directions: Time for fun! First unscramble each of the ten words so that it matches its definition. All but two of the words begin with prefixes. Then, use the words to fill the appropriate spaces on the corresponding line. When you have completed the entire puzzle, another word will read vertically in the column with circles. 1. elltaabrcoo work together 2. seolobte old-fashioned 3. vionec beginner 4. yethpatle communicating through transference 5. uqialyref qualify again 6. oegape farthest point from Earth in satellite's orbit 7. rnestdii to unearth 8. aeactltrbin hard to handle; unmanageable 9. ariidactntnoce against indications 10. etyghool study of God or religion Vocabulary Builder 5 Answers 1. The correct answer is collaborate. 2. The correct answer is obsolete. 3. The correct answer is novice. 4. The correct answer is telepathy. 5. The correct answer is requalify. 6. The correct answer is apogee. 7. The correct answer is disinter. 8. The correct answer is intractable. 9. The correct answer is contraindicate. 10. The correct answer is theology. Reading down: contradict. 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40128 Chapter 6: All About Prefixes 129 www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 6 Directions: Use what you've learned so far about Latin prefixes to figure out the meanings of the following ten words in boldface. Write the letter of your choice in the space provided. _____ 1. cursive (A) cruel (B) commonplace (C) criminal (D) flowing handwriting _____ 2. agitate (A) clean (B) tap your foot (C) tranquilize (D) stir up _____ 3. adjoin (A) separate (B) listen closely (C) touch (D) disunite _____ 4. cohabit (A) nun's garb (B) dependent (C) change (D) live together _____ 5. concede (A) yield (B) build (C) augment (D) curtail 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40129 130 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com _____ 6. depress (A) elevate (B) upraise (C) invigorate (D) bring down _____ 7. adjudicate (A) subjoin (B) deduct (C) lessen (D) arbitrate _____ 8. affix (A) withhold (B) repair (C) fasten (D) injure _____ 9. confederation (A) Southerners (B) antagonism (C) alliance (D) aversion _____ 10. collateral (A) security (B) far away (C) considerably (D) dependent 06_TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40130 . against, opposite contraband cur run current 06 _TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40127 128 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 5 Directions: Time for fun!. through transference 10. polygon poly many figure with many sides 06 _TOEFL Vocab,Ch6,117-142 8/4/06, 12:40125 126 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com The Greek Prefix Arch- An architect. 124 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review www.petersons.com Vocabulary Builder 3 Answers Word Prefix Meaning Word Meaning 1. euphonious