[...]... Factors ψT R for frequent design situations acc to [37] for average pavement quality with Φ(Ωh ) = 16 Influence of the pavement quality on the factor ΨT R for frequent design situations Determination of stress spectra and damage accumulation due to fatigue loading Fatigue strength curves for structural steel and reinforcement... 4.5.4.2 Parallelization Using Evolution Strategies 4.5.4.3 Distributed and Parallel Software Architecture 4.6 Application of Lifetime-Oriented Analysis and Design 4.6.1 Testing of Beam-Like Structures 4.6.1.1 Experimental Setup 4.6.1.2 Identification of Modal Data 4.6.1.3 Updating... Moments 4.6.2.4.1 Structural Analysis Using Power Spectral Density (PSD) Functions 4.6.2.4.2 Analytical Counting Method 4.6.2.4.3 Damage Accumulation for the Analytical Case 4.6.2.5 Comparison of the Results 4.6.2.6 Summary and Outlook 4.6.3 Lifetime-Oriented Analysis of Concrete Structures... Bridge Under Wind Loading 4.6.4.1 Definition of Structural Problem 4.6.4.2 Probabilistic Lifetime Assessment 4.6.4.2.1 Micro Time Scale 576 577 577 578 579 580 582 583 583 590 591 592 592 594 594 594 598 600 601 602 603 607 607 610 610 Contents XXIII 4.6.4.2.2 Macro Time Scale Results of Structural Optimization Parallelization of Analyses... Design Concepts 5.1 Exemplary Realization of Lifetime Control Using Concepts as Presented Here 5.1.1 Reinforced Concrete Column under Fatigue Load 5.1.2 Connection Plates of an Arched Steel Bridge 5.1.3 Conclusion 5.2 Lifetime-Control Provisions in Current Standardization 5.3 Incorporation into Structural. .. Reliability Analyses 4.4.4.1 Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Processes 4.4.4.2 Parallelization Example 4.5 Optimization and Design 4.5.1 Classification of Optimization Problems 4.5.2 Design as an Optimization Problem 4.5.3 Numerical Optimization Methods 4.5.3.1 Derivative-Based Methods ... 4.6.2.1 Works for the New 3-Series Convertible 4.6.2.2 The Shaker Test 4.6.2.3 Approach 1: Time History Calculation and Amplitude Counting 4.6.2.3.1 Structural Analysis Using Time Integration 4.6.2.3.2 Cycle Counting Using the Rainflow Method XXI 528 529 531 531 533 534 535 536 537 539 540 540 540 541 542 543 544 545... 4.1.1 Classification of Deterioration Problems 4.1.2 Numerical Methods 4.1.3 Uncertainty 4.1.4 Design 4.2 Numerical Methods 4.2.1 Generalization of Single- and Multi-field Models 4.2.1.1 Integral Format of Balance Equations... 4.2.4.2.1 Approximations 4.2.4.2.2 Non-Linear Semidiscrete Balance 4.2.4.2.3 Linearized Semidiscrete Balance 4.2.4.2.4 Generation of Element and Structural Quantities 4.2.4.3 p-Finite Element Method 4.2.4.3.1 Onedimensional Higher-Order Shape Function Concepts 4.2.4.3.1.1 Shape Functions of the Legendre-Type...XII Contents 3.2 Experiments 3.2.1 Laboratory Testing of Structural Materials 3.2.1.1 Micro-macrocrack Detection in Metals 3.2.1.1.1 Electric Resistance Measurements 3.2.1.1.1.1 Introduction 3.2.1.1.1.2 Measurement of . alt="" Lifetime-Oriented Structural Design Concepts Friedhelm Stangenberg · Rolf Breitenbücher Otto T. Bruhns · Dietrich Hartmann Rüdiger Höffer · Detlef Kuhl Günther Meschke (Eds.) Lifetime-Oriented Structural. representing the fields of structural engineering, structural mechanics, soil mechanics, material sci- ence, and numerical mathematics introduced a research program on “lifetime- oriented design concepts. was developed. The Cooperative Research Center for Lifetime-Oriented Design Concepts (SFB 398) at Ruhr-University has carried out substantial work in many fields of structural lifetime management. Lifetime-related