Grammar: Infinitive Of Purpose (Động từ nguyên mẫu chỉ mục đích) SO THAT (Mệnh đề với so that) - I went out to post a letter. (= because I wanted to post a letter.) (Tôi ra ngoài để bỏ một lá thư) (-Vì tôi muốn bỏ một lá thư) - She telephoned me to invite me to a party. (Cô ấy đã gọi điện thoại cho cho tôi để mời tôi đến dự tiệc). - We shouted to want everyone of the danger… (Chúng tôi đã la lên để báo cho mọi người biêt sự nguy hiểm). a) Chúng ta cũng dùng to – infinitive để nói về mục đích của việc nào đó, hoặc vì sao một người nào đó dùng/ muốn / cần một thứ gì đó. - This wall is to keep people out of the garden. (Bức tường này là để ngăn không cho người khác vào vườn). - The minister has two bodyguards to protect him. (Ông bộ trưởng có hai cận vệ để báo vệ ông ta.) - I need a bottle-opener to open this bottle. (Tôi cần một cái mở nút chai để mở chai này) Bạn cũng có thể dùng in order + infinitive - We shouted in order to warn everyone of the danger. (Chúng tôi la lên để cảnh báo với mọi người biết sự nguy hiểm). Đừng dùng for trong các câu này. - I’m going to Spain to learn Spanish. (Tôi sẽ đi Tây Ban Nha để học tiếng Tây Ban Nha). b) Chúng ta còn dùng to – infinitive để nói về điều có thể được làm hoặc phải được làm: - It’s usually too difficult to find a place to park in the city centre. (= a place where you can park). (Tìm được một chỗ để đậu xe trong trung tâm thành phố thường là rất khó khăn). - Have you got a lot of work to do this evening?(= works that you must do) (Tối nay bạn có nhiều việc làm không?) - Would you like something to eat? (Bạn có muốn ăn một chút gì không?) - There were no chairs to sit on, so we all had to sit on the floor. (Không có ghế để ngồi,vì vậy tất cả chúng tôi phải ngồi trên sàn nhà.) - She is a bit lonely. She’s got nobody to talk to.ư (Cô ta hơi cô đơn. Cô ta không co ai để chuyện trò.) Chúng ta cũng nói time / money/ energy to do something: - They gave me some money to buy some food (Họ đã cho tôi một chút tiền để mua một ít thức ăn) - Did you have time to answer all the questions to the examination? (Bạn có đủ thời gian để trả lời tất cả các câu hỏi trong bài thi không?) c)Đôi khi bạn phải dùng mệnh đề với so that (chứ không dùngto-infinitive) để nói về mục đich của hành động. Chúng ta dùng so that I. khi mục đich là negative (phủ định) (so that. Won’t/ wouldn’t…): - I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late. (= because I didn’t want to be late). i. (Tôi khẩn trương để khỏi bị trễ giờ). (= vì tôi không muốn bị trễ giờ). - Leave early so that you won’t ( hoặc don’t) miss the bus (Bạn hãy đi ssớm để khỏi lỡ chuyến xe buýt). ii. với can và could ( so that can/could…): - He’s learning English so that he can study in the United States (Anh ta đang học tiếng Anh để có thể đi học Mỹ). - We move to London so that we could visit our friends more often. (Chúng tôi dời đến Luân đôn để thăm viếng bạn bè thường xuyên hơn) iii. Khi một người làm việc này để người khác đượclàm việc kia. - I gave him my address so that he could contact me. (Tôi đã đưa cho anh ta địa chỉ của tôi để anh ta có thể liên lạc với tôi.) - He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him. (Anh ra đeo kính và mang râu giả để không ai có thể nhận ra mình). INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE exercises To-so as to-in order to 1. Trees were planted……………….(reduce)traffic noise. 2. This is good………………(get) rid of headaches. 3. We crept up the stairs……………… (not wake) granny. 4. A mouse is a devise………………….(move) the cursor around the computer screen 5. I swept the broken glass……………….(prevent) an accident. 6. The new paint is excellent…………………… (cover) walls with cracks in. 7. We will write Claire’s name in the calendar………………. (not forget) her birthday. 8. We spent the summer in London……………… (improve) our English. 9. I didn’t say anything about Claude’s hair………………. (not embarrass) her. 10. She bought a cage……………… (keep) her hamster in. Quiz: Purpose- For,- To -So That Q1 - I invited them both ____ they wouldn't feel left out. so Q2 - She's going there ____ finalize the contract. to Q3 - Shall we have a break ____ lunch. to Q4 - What do I need to get ____dinner? for Q5 - I sort my rubbish ____ recycling. for Q6 - I took it back to the shop___ get a replacement. to Q7 - We left early ____ we wouldn't be late. so that Q8 - He's gone travelling ____ find himself. to Q9 - Take some sandwiches ____ eat on the way. to Q10 - You need a licence ____ drive. to Q11 - I'm leaving a bit early today ____ avoid the rush hour queues. to Q12 - I phoned them ____ complain. to Q13 - She's gone outside ____ a cigarette. for Q14 - I'm going to town ____ buy a pair of shoes. to Q15 - We took the train ____ we could work on the way. so that Q16 - They're going to Spain ____ a holiday. for 1. Knives are__________________things to cut in order to cut for cutting 2. They opened a big hole on the wall____________the piano could go through. for so that to 3. _____________achieve a better performance, a special fuel is used. To So that In order to 4. They sent their children abroad_________________meet people from other countries. for in order to so that they could 5. My father bought me a mobile phone_______________feel accompanied at all times. so that I might for for him to 6. The writer is saying this _______________state his position about the war in order to to for 1. My father used his dogs____keep wolves away during the night. so that to in order to 2. The airport lit all the lights so that the plane____land safely through the storm. can should could 3. Airbags are special devices____people in car accidents for to protect for protecting so to protect 4. I'll take my own water in case____. there wasn't any there isn' any there shouldn't be any 5. We talked to the secretary ____disturb the boss. to in order to so as not to 6. Please come forward so that your faces____appear visibly in the photograph. should might may Vocabulary : For/ in order to . _____________________________ the next holidays, nothing has been decided. 2. I'm here _____________________________ an interview with Professeur Thomson. 3. We went to London _____________________________ see my sister. 4. I took a taxi _____________________________ lose time. 5. Will you find out _____________________________ Sunday ? 6. He went off the war _____________________________ be killed ten days later. 7. She fell asleep _____________________________ woke up four hours later. 8. I've bought a few clothes _____________________________ the new baby. 9. I got fined _____________________________ travelling without a ticket. 10. I had her _____________________________ a teacher when I was at primary school. 10. _____________________________ the next holidays, nothing has been decided. 1. As regards 2. For 3. to/in order to/so as to 4. in order not to/so as not to 5. About 6. only to 7. And 8. For 9. For 10. As For-to This restaurant is too expensive me. for 1. He is too busy come to the cinema with us. to 2. He doesn’t have many books read. to 3. This parcel is too heavy carry it on my bike. to 4. It’s too cold go for a walk. to 5. You need a lot of time finish this report. to 6. He has got a lot of time his hobby. for 7. There aren’t many good programmes children. for 8. It’s too heavy you. for 9. Have you got much homework do today? to 10. They are too young travel alone. to 11. They are too boring me. for 12. He is too shy talk to her. to 13. She’s too bossy for 14. He’s got enough money travel around the world. to 15. It’s not easy imagine. to 16. He had to got up too early me for 17. It is difficult enough us. for 18. He left early enough catch the plane. to 19. I’ve got enough time you. for Fill the gaps with for, so that or to. 1 She's on a mission ______________ save the world. to 2 Recycling is good ______________ the environment. for 3 I like to arrive 20 minutes early ______________ I have time for a cup of tea. so that 4 I'm doing my homework on the bus ______________ my teacher doesn't kill me. so that 5 Begsy took a backstreet ______________ avoid the heavy traffic. to 6 My brother Jim went to Thailand ________escape a meaningless existance. to 7 World leaders are doing everything they can ______________ destroy the planet. to 8 She bought a map ______________ she wouldn't get lost. So that 9 We went to bed early ______________ we wouldn't be tired in the morning. So that 10 You must bring warm clothes ______________ tomorrow. for 11 ______________ making mojito you need crushed ice, sweetened lemon juice, mint and white rum. for 12 ______________ play the guitar you really need lessons. to 13 He invited a friend along ______________ Carla wouldn't be moody. So that 14 Charles has gone out ______________ get the paper. to 15 Let's stop ______________ a coffee. for 16 Vincent went to Madrid ______________ buy furniture. to 17 Luis is training ______________ be a nurse. to 18 We arrived in good time ______________ get a place near the front. to 19 My Mum went to London ______________ the sales. for 20 I went to London ______________ see JK and Pete. To 'to'-infinitive is used to show purposeÖrnek: She is buying nail-polish. She wants to paint her fingernails. She is buying nail-polish to paint her fingernails. 1-The lion-tamer opened the lians' cage. He intended to fee the lions. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. We were given a money-box each. We are to keep our savings in it. (Omit 'it') ………………………………………………………………………………. 3. The farmer put a scarecrow in the middle of the field. He wanted to frighten the crows away. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. I took off my shoes. I wanted to clean and polish them. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Their mother called them. She wanted to tell them the good news. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. The workmen left the red light on the road. They wanted to make motorists aware of the hole. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. They evacuated everybody from the danger zone. They wanted to reduce the risk. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. His parents are sending him to the United States. They want him to study medicine there. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The thief changed his address constantly. He wanted to elude the police. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. My teacher left the classroom. she wanted to discuss a problem with the principal. …………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. They covered the floor with newspaper. They wanted to prevent it from getting paint on it. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. The scouts are collecting firewood. They intend to put it on the fire. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13. He coughed loudly. He wanted to warn them that their father was coming to their room. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14. The women had their hair dyed at the hairdressing salon. They wanted to look younger than their actual age. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15. He keeps his hens in an area surrounded by wire-netting. he wants to protect them against wild animals. ………………………………………………………………………… SUBJECT : Purpose: So that / to / In order to / In Case A) Combine the sentences using the words in brackets: 1. Jane gave up smoking because she wanted to save money. (in order to) ………Jane gave up smoking in order to save money. ………… 2. I came here so that I could see you. (in order to) ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. We put a fence. We want to prevent the rabbit escape. ………………………………………………………………………………. 4. She went shopping so she could buy herself a television. (to) ………………………………………………………………………………. 5. I put the food in the fridge because I wanted it to get cold. (in order to) ………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Jane saved money. She wanted to buy a present for Harry. (in order to) ………………………………………………………………………………. 7. Harry left early because he didn’t want to miss the bus. (in order not to) ………………………………………………………………………………. 8. They will let the students use calculators in the exam. They don’t want them to spend a lot of time. (so that) ………………………………………………………………………………. 9. The teacher tested the students. She wanted to see if they remembered the things they had learnt. (in order to) ………………………………………………………………………………. 10. She didn’t leave her son home alone. She thought he might have an accident. (in case) ………………………………………………………………………………. 11. He tried to hide the broken vase. He didn’t want to be punished. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………… 12. She wants to sign a contact. She doesn’t want them to change their minds. (in case) ……………………………………………………………………………… 13. I turned up the radio. I wanted to listen to the news. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………… 14. Sue lowered the volume on the TV set. She didn’t want to disturb her roommate. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………… 15. I’ll be in my office until late this evening. You may need to get in touch with me. (in case) ………………………………………………………………………………… 16. I’ll give you my phone number. You may need to speak to me. (in case) ………………………………………………………………………………… 17. Tom signed his friend’s birthday on the calendar. He thought he might forget it. (in case) ………………………………………………………………………………… B) Complete the following sentences: 1. He decided to take a taxi so that ………………………………………………………… 2. Mr. Brown booked his room at the hotel in case …………………………………………. ………………………………………………………… 3. Betsy studies her lessons regularly so that ………………………………………………… 4. Mark phoned his friend in order to ………………………………………………………… 5. You’d better call Susan and remind her the date of the party in case ……………………… …………………………………………………………………… . 6. I need to buy some laundry detergent so that ………………………………………………. 7. I need a pen so that ………………………………………………………………………… 8. I’m taking a bus instead of flying so that ………………………………………………… 9. Ralph borrowed some money from his friend so that ……………………………………… 10. Martina is trying to improve her English so that ………………………………………… 11. …………………………………………………………… so that his children will have a better life. 12. …………………………………………………………… so that you can be ready to leave on time. 13. Mary hurried to get the child out of the road so that ………………………………………. 14. I took off my gloves in order to ……………………………………………………………. 15. ……………………………………………………………… in order to erase a mistake in his composition. 16. ……………………………………………………………… so that I could tell him the news in person. 17. I think I’d better clean up my flat in case ………………………………………………… 18. She locked the door before going to bed in case ………………………………………… 19. The teacher reminded the students the common test dates in case …………………………………………………………………………………………… . 20. He always carries his umbrella in case …………………………………………………… D) Join the sentences: 1. He tried to find a car park. He wanted to park his car. (in order to) ……………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Mrs. Brown hid the ball. She didn’t Bill to play football. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3. They got up early. They didn’t want to miss the bus. (in case) …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Mary is wearing glasses. She wants to see better. (so that) …………………………………………………………………………………… 5. My father often takes his car to the mechanic. He doesn’t want it to break down. (in case) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Molly is eating less bread. She doesn’t want to put on weight. (in case) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Sally usually wears a thick coat. She doesn’t want to catch a cold. (in order not to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Mr. Short used a long ladder. He wanted to reach the high ceiling. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 9. My father gave me extra money. He didn’t want me to borrow any from my friends. (in case) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Andrew’s friends visited him. They wanted to congratulate him on his graduation. (in order to)……………………………………………………………………………………… 11. I’m learning English. I want to get a better job. (to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12. The driver stopped. Then the children could cross the road. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Tom put the cream in the fridge. That would keep it cool. (to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14. Mark is going to repair the roof. Then the rain won’t come in. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15. We often switch off the heating. It saves money. (in order to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16. Pamela wore boots. Her feet wouldn’t get wet. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………… E) Complete the sentences: 1. She’ll start on a diet so that …………………………………………………………. 2. They went to Migros so that ………………………………………………………… 3. Shee bought a new dress so that …………………………………………………… 4. I’ll give you a map so that …………………………………………………………… 5. Take your umbrella in case ………………………………………………………… 6. I left the key for you in case …………………………………………………………. 7. Take your torch with you in case ……………………………………………………. 8. Ian went to the bank in order to ……………………………………………………… 9. Jeremy is going to wear a suit in order to ……………………………………………. 10. David put on the kettle in order to …………………………………………………… 11. Alec hurried in order not to ………………………………………………………… 12. I closed the door of my room in order not to ………………………………………… Rephrase these sentences as in the example. Example: I’ll buy OK magazine. I want to read Madonna’s interview. I’ll buy OK magazine to read Madonna’s interview. 1. I’ll watch MTV this afternoon. I want to see Cher’s new video. ____________________________________________________________ 2. Can I borrow your dictionary? I want to check a word. ____________________________________________________________ 3. Can I use your computer? I want to type my homework. ____________________________________________________________ 4. I’m going to the supermarket. I need to buy some sugar. ____________________________________________________________ 5. I’m going to Hollywood. I want to meet Brad Pitt. ____________________________________________________________ 6. I’m going to phone my teacher. I want to ask her a question. ____________________________________________________________ 7. I’m calling Alan. I want to invite him to my party. ____________________________________________________________ 8. I’m going to a fast food restaurant. I want to get a hamburger. ____________________________________________________________ 9. Can I borrow your car? I have a party tonight. ____________________________________________________________ 10. I’m going to the movies. I want to see Jurassic III. ____________________________________________________________ . ai có thể nhận ra mình). INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE exercises To-so as to-in order to 1. Trees were planted……………….(reduce)traffic noise. 2. This is good………………(get) rid of headaches. 3. We crept up. Grammar: Infinitive Of Purpose (Động từ nguyên mẫu chỉ mục đích) SO THAT (Mệnh đề với so that) - I went out to post. (to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14. Mark is going to repair the roof. Then the rain won’t come in. (so that) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15. We often switch off the heating. It saves money. (in order to) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16.