[...]... CB3 the former is dimeric and the latter monomeric [205] 2.7 Halogenated Ethers Two strains of an Ancylobacter aquaticus AD25 and AD27 were isolated by enrichment using 2-chloroethylvinyl ether and the dehalogenase displayed activity towards a range of halogenated alkanes (Table 27) [212] and the degradation of 27 Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Table 26 Dehalogenase... (Table 31) [147] and the rate of abiotic dehalogenation depends on the catalyst that is used (Table 32) 2.9 Brominated and Iodinated Alkanes and Related Compounds as Metabolic Inhibitors Most of the reactions of inhibitors depend on the chemical reactivity of brominated and iodinated alkanes and related compounds, and are consistent both with the chemical reactivity of these compounds and their biological... cmuA (80) E coli PaaE (33), P putida Tdn (32) Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds 9 2.1.1.3 Corrinoid Transmethylations in Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism of Methyl Halides The existence of corrinoids in anaerobic bacteria in substantial concentrations is well established and their metabolic role in acetogenesis and in methanogenesis understood Their involvement in degradation... multivorans, Dehalobacter restrictus, Desulfuromonas chloroethenica, and strains of Desulfitobacterium sp (references in [84]), and in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes that is capable of reductively dehalogenating tetrachloroethene to ethene [121, 125] The 29 Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Table 29 Substrate range and products of trichloroethene reductase for selected brominated... group to coenzyme M and thence to methane Important details on the structures of the corrinoid reductases may be found in a review [117] Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds 15 Fig 7a,b Comparison of degradation of: a acetate by Desulfomaculatum acetoxidans; b lactate by Archaeoglobus fulgidus (Redrawn from [202a]) 2.2 Halogenated Alkanes and Related Compounds with Two...Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds 5 to find replacements: indeed this applies equally to all polyhalogenated aliphatic compounds An outline of the primary C-Br fission reactions encountered during the degradation of brominated alkanes, alkenes, brominated alkanols and bromoalkanoates is given in Fig 1 Further reactions... methyl chloride [222] (Table 4) The methyl transfer reactions and those involved in the subsequent formation of acetate have been explored for the demethylase of this strain [101] and also resemble closely those for the aerobic metabolism of methyl chloride by aerobic methylotrophs Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds 11 Fig 4 Degradation of methyl chloride by Methylobacterium... formate, Table 16 Toluene monooxygenases and the products from hydroxylation of toluene Organisms Cresol produced Reference Burkholderia cepacia strain G4 Pseudomonas pickettii strain PKO1 Pseudomonas mendocina strain KR1 Pseudomonas stutzeri strain OX1 ortho meta para o, m, p [186] [153] [234] [32] 21 Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Fig 11 Products from the activity... are given (Table 25) These results may be compared with the constitutive dehalogenases from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ 10, one of which is thermally stable and dehalogenates 25 Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Table 24 Activities of dehalogenase L-DEX from Pseudomonas sp strain YL for long-chain halogenated alkanoates (L-2-chloropropionate=100)[114] Substrate... Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Table 1 Concentrations of bromide (µmol) in cultures in which the substrates hadbeen de- graded The theoretical values are 4.5 for methyl bromide and 11 for dibromoethane [196] Organism Methyl bromide Dibromoethane Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Strain ENV 2041 Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 4.5 5.3 3.0 9.2 14.1 NA NA = not available genated aliphatic compounds . bromine and iodine was accomplished more than 60 years before that of elemental fluorine, bromine in 1826 and iodi- ne in 1811’ and the synthesis of organobromine and organoiodine compounds presented. chemistry of polyvalent iodine compounds. Chem Rev 102:2523–2584 Stockholm, July 2003 Alasdair H. Neilson XIV Introduction Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds: Comparison. methylamine, and use of mutants containing a miniTn5 insertion Degradation and Transformation of Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds 9 Fig. 2. Partial structures of tetrahydrofolate (H 4 F) and tetrahydromethanopterin