[...]... Strangers (Animals other than kin) —Recognition of enemies By bumblebees—Memory of individuals not enemies By the toad By the spider By ants By snakes By chameleons By birds By cattle— By dogs By monkeys—Memory of Events (Education, etc.)—In the wasp—In fleas—In the toad—In other insects CHAPTER IV THE EMOTIONS The higher animals—Laughter—In monkeys—In the dog—In the chimpanzee—In the orang-utan— Fear,... joy shown by bees— Affection for the individual evinced by house wren—Anger, hate, fear, revenge, in the higher animals— Forgiving disposition in the monkey —Sympathy—In ants—Care of young by ants—Solicitude of butterflies— Of gadfly Of the ichneumon fly Of the mason wasp Of the spider Of the earwig—Anger and hate evinced by ants, centipedes, tarantulas, weevils CHAPTER V ÆSTHETICISM The love of music—In... animals—Death-feigning by rhizopods By fresh-water annelids By the larvæ of butterflies and beetles By free-swimming rotifers By snakes By the itch insect (Sarcoptes hominis) By many of the Coleoptera The common "tumble bug" (Canthon Lævis) a gifted letisimulant The double defence of the pentatomid, "stink-bug"—Reason coming to the aid of instinct—Death-feigning an instinct—Feigning of death by ants— By a hound—Not... in the dog and cat The origin of this instinct—Summary CONCLUSION nstinct and reason—Specialized instincts and "intelligent accidents"— Abstraction in the dog—In the elephant The kinship of mind in man and the lower animals shown by the phenomenon of dreaming By the effects of drugs The action of alcohol on rhizopods—On jelly-fish —On insects—On mammals— Animals aware of the medical qualities of certain... paths This is perfectly natural, for the aims, as well as the methods, of the two divisions are different Morphology, the science of forms, aims at a scientific understanding of organic structures, of their internal and external proportions of form Physiology, the science of functions, on the other hand, aims at a knowledge of the functions of the organs, or, in other ... reason—Origin of instincts—Instances of intelligent ratiocination—In the bee The wasp The ant—Mental degeneration in ants occasioned by the habit of keeping slaves The honey-making ant filling an artificial trench—Other evidences of reason in the insect —Termes—Division of labor The king and queen—Bravery of soldier ants—Overseer and laborers—Blind impulse and intelligent ideation— Harvester ants—Their habits... mind in the jelly-fish —Anatomy, physiology, and psychology of the jelly-fish The origin of conscious mind CHAPTER I THE SENSES IN THE LOWER ANIMALS The sense of touch The senses of taste and smell—Actinophryans having taste The sense of sight— Modification of sight organs by surroundings—Sight in Actinophryans—Blind fish sensitive to light—Blind spiders—Blind man —Primitive eyes in Cymothoe—In the jelly-fish,... Alciope, Myrianida The sight organs of the snail—Power of vision in the snail— Eyes of crayfish—Compound eyes— Vision in "whirligig beetle"—In Periophthalmus— In Onchidium—In Calotis—Organs of audition—In Lepidoptera—Hymenoptera—Orthoptera marginalis—Corydalus—Ears of grasshopper and cricket Of the "red-legged locust" Of flies Of gnats—Auditory vesicles of horse-fly —Ears of butterflies—Cerambyx beetle—Long-horned... quail—In dogs—Origin of love of music in the dog—Dog's knowledge of the echo—Love of music in rats— In mice—Singing mice—Love of music in lizards—In salamanders— In snakes—In pigeons—In the barnyard cock—In the horse— Amusement and pastime—In Actinophrys—In the snail—In Diptera—In ants—In lady-bugs (Coccinellæ)—Æsthetic taste in birds The snakeskin bird— Humming-bird—Bower bird The love of personal cleanliness—In... insects—In the locust CHAPTER VI PARENTAL AFFECTION Origin of parental feeling—Evidence of this psychical trait in spiders—In earwigs—In crayfish—In butterflies —In fish—In toads—In snakes— Instance of pride in parents—In the dog—In the cat—Parental affection in birds—Animals seeking the assistance of man when their offspring is in danger The evolution of parental affection CHAPTER VII REASON Definition of . and psychology of the jelly-fish The origin of conscious mind. CHAPTER I THE SENSES IN THE LOWER ANIMALS The sense of touch The senses of taste and smell—Actinophryans having taste The sense of sight— Modification. Myrmica ruginodis—Memory of kin in wasps and bees—Experiments—Memory of Strangers (Animals other than kin) —Recognition of enemies By bumblebees—Memory of individuals not enemies By the toad By the spider By ants By.