Chuang GIAO DICH OIEN To 2.1 Ho ding din tir 2.1.1 Khdi niem, rkic diim hgp clang dien tic Trong b6i canh nen kinh to the giei phat then vii tic dO nhanh chong va su canh tranh gift cac doanh nghiep ten the gioi dien cang kh6c Viec tim kiem d6i tac, khach hang, tim kiem thi truing mai, to chuc kenh cung irng linh host, gin nhe, nhanh chong vii chi phi giam cling nhu kha nang phan ling nhanh ham vii cac ca hOi mai nen kinh to town cau la nhang loci the khing the thieu dii vii mOt doanh nghiep mutin tin tai va phat trien theo kip thi truing the giai Thuang mai dien tir noi chung va hop ding dien tir noi rieng chinh la chic kh6a giup cac doanh nghiep nang cao nang l%rc earth tranh lieu kien hOi nhap kinh to qu6c te 2.1.1.1 Khai niem hop clang then ter Theo quy dinh tai di'eu 388, BO lust Dan su Viet Nam (2005): "Hop cling dan su la ste thoa thuan girea cac ben ve viec xac lap, thay doi hoac cham dtit quyen, nglira vu dan sy." Dieu 24, Luat Thuang mai (sea d6i, 2005) ding quy dinh ye hinh thirc hap ding mua ban hang h6a Theo do, "Hop cling mua ban hang hOa dupe the hien bang lOri noi, bang van ban hoac dirge xac lap bang hanh vi cu the Doi vii cac logi hop ding mua ban hang hoa ma phap luat quy Binh phcii decoy lap bang van ban thi phai twin theo car quy dinh dó" V'e ca ban, hop ding dien tir ding gi6ng hop ding truyen thing ve chirc nang, nOi dung va gia tri phap 1ST Diem khac biet noi bat la hinh thirc the hien va phuang thirc ky ket h9p ding dien tir Lust mAu ve Thuang mai dien tiz cua UNCITRAL (1996) quy dinh "Ye hinh thicc hop &Ong, trio cac ben có quy dinh khac, chao hang va chOp nhan chao hang có the &toy the hien bang thong cliep du- lieu Khi thOng diep da lieu Ayr su dung de 53 hinh hop djng, hop &Ong khong bi phu nhan gia tri phap 135 chi vi no dtrorc thi hien 1•44'ng thong diep di? lieu" [Dieu 11, mix 1] Luat Giao dich dien tir caa Viet Nam ding da quy dinh: "Hop dcing dien tit la hop ding dwoc thiit lap duol dgng thong diep dit lieu theo quy dinh cua Luat nay" [Dieu 33] "Thong diep du lieu" ding dugc quy dinh cu the la "thong tin dugc tao ra, dugc giri di va dugc luu frit bang phucmg lien dien tir", ding theo d6, "phucmg lien dien tir" dugc quy dinh la "phuong tien hoat Ong dua tren cong nghe dien, dien tir, ky thu4t so, tir tinh, truyen dAri khong day, quang hoc, dien tir ho4c cong nghe tuang tu" [Dieu 4, muc 12] Ludt Giao dich dien tir Viet Nam va Cong uac cila Lien hop quic ve sir dung thong diep dit lieu giao ket hop doing quic to deu khong phan biet hgp dung dien tir co tinh thumg mai va hgp ding dien tir khong co tinh thucmg mai Doing thari cac nguin lua't ding khOng phan biet cong nghe cu the nao dirge sir dung a ky ket hop ding Dieu la phii hop vi hop ding dien tir dugc dieu chinh chu yeu ve viec hinh hop ding va gia tri phap 1S, dm hop ding nham giam thieu su thay doi, bi sung cac nguin lu'at lien quan ap dung hop ding dien Hop ding dien tir dugc ky ket co nhieu cap de tir dan gian den phirc tap Viec ky ket hgp ding dien tir co the don gian nhu dZit mua ye may bay, mua sach hay mua met chiec dien thoai di deng qua mang Internet va town bang the tin dimg Viec ky ket hop ding dien tir ding c6 the phirc tap han, vi du nhu viec lua chin va mua met chi& may tinh ten website ban hang to doing, ho4c Iva chin va d4't mua met chiec to qua Internet Hgp ding dien tir co the dugc hinh phirc tap han qua hinh thirc dau gia tivc tuyen gifta cac ca nhan tren website cua eBay ho4c cac nha cung cap linh kien san xuAt to teen website mua sam dia cac nha san xuAt to Mire dO phirc tap thuong kh6ng chi ding nghe hinh hgp ding ma tinh pink tap dia ban than giao dich thuang mai hay quy trinh kinh doanh timg linh vuc cu the Hgp ding dien tir du thucmg mai hay phi thucmg mai, du don gian hay phirc tap tnrac het Van la met hop ding, c6 cac nOi dung ca ban nhu hop ding truyen thing Su khac biet loin nhAt la o each thirc giao ket va hinh hop ding, di la giao ket thong qua cac phuang tien dien tit va hgp ding dien tir dugc truyen gixi, nhan thOng qua cac mang van thong Chinh su khac biet tao nen mot s8 d4c diem rieng dm hop &Ong dien 54 * Khai niem v"J giao kit hop cljng lien ter Giao ket h9p dtmg la thuat ngcr dugc BO lust Dan str Viet Nam nAm 2005 sir dung chi viec 14 ket h9p Sing VI vay, giao ket h9p dong dien tir la qua trinh dam phan, thuang thao, tao lap va ky ket hap Sing thong qua viec trao d6i cac dir lieu dien tir Cac hap d6ng dugc giao ket nhu vay se dugc luu tit mOt phAn hoac hoan toan a dang dir lieu dien tCr Lust Giao dich dien tir n'am 2005 dm Viet Nam dinh nghia "Giao ket hap d6ng dien tir lien hanh mOt ph&n hoac toan b0 giao la viec sir dung thong diep dir lieu dich qUa trinh giao ket h9p dtmg" a a 2.1.1.2 Dac diem clic: hop djng then ter Do hap Sing dien tir dugc hinh qua cac th8ng diep dir lieu va truyen giri qua Internet va cac mang vien thong nen hop diing dien tir co nhimg dac diem chinh sau day: a (i) Thj hien being thong diep dir lieu: Dac diem not bat nhl t dm hop d6ng dien tir la hinh th*c the hien Hap Sing dien tir dugc tao lap bai cac thong diep dit lieu, de hien thi cac nOi dung oh hap Sing dien tir can có cac thiet bi dien tir vi du nhu may tinh, dien thoai di dung Hinh thirc dm hop Sing dien tir hoan toan khac voi hinh thuc ph6 bien nhAt cua hop ding truyen th6ng tren giAy Chinh dac diem cua hqp Sing tao cam giac h9p clang Sing dien tir la "ao", khOng "cam nAm" dugc mOt each (ii) Do cac phwong tien dien tir too ra, trulett 01 vie lwee tra.: Hop dong dien tir duce giao ket thong qua cac phucmg tien dien tir nha su tien b0 cua cac cong nghe hien dai nhu: cong nghe dien tir, ding nghe s6, tir tinh, quang h9c, mpg vien thong khong day, mang Internet Viec sir dung cac phucmg tien dien tir va mpg vien thong gill') viec giao ket h9p Sing thuan tien, chinh xac va nhanh han so vai truyen th6ng DSc biet, c8 nhting giao dich dien to ma h9p &Ong dien tir dugc 14 ket hoan toan to dOng gifra mOt ben la Ichach hang va mOt ben la doanh nghiep dugc dai dien bai website ban hang to dOng nhu cac mo hinh ban le B2C (iii).Pham vi ky kit Ong: H9p ding dien tir duce 14 ket thong qua cac phucmg tien dien tir va mang vien thong, chinh cac yeu t6 ma rOng pham vi giao ket hap dong dien tir khip the giai DSc biet la viec sir dung mang Internet qua trinh giao ket hap Sing, cac ben tham gia h9p dong có the 14 ket hgp ding tir m9i nai ten the gioi a 55 (iv).Pink tap v' Ity thaft: Ben canh su thu'an lien va Wet kiem chi phi e sir dung phuong tien dien tir va mpg vien thong de ky ket hgp ding Chinh nhimg y611 to lai tao met se khO khan ban dAu cho vice sir dung vi hop ding dien tir dei hei nguoi sir dung can c6 kiln thirc va ky nang nhAt dinh sir dung cac phucmg tien dien dr (v).La@ clan chink chwa hg thimg viz chi tilt: Phap luat truyen thong chua de cap den cac vAn de nhu thong diep dir lieu, trao del dir lieu dien dr, chit k5, dien ter, chUng thuc chit 14 dien ter, phong tranh va xir IST cac hanh vi gian len, lira dao, gia mao chit k3'r dien tir Chinh vi hop ding dien tir la met linh vx.rc mai dei vai ca cac ben tham gia va cac ca quan quan ly nen chua the c6 met h0 thong hoan chinh de giai quyet triet de nhimg van de phat sinh 2.1.1.3 Phan loci hop clang dien tit flgp ding dien ter hinh va phat trien song song voi su hinh va phat trien cua thuang mai dien tir Dua tren thuc an qua trinh phat trien va cong nghe dugc sir dung qua trinh ky ket harp ding dien tir, co the phan chia ben loai hop ding dien tir phi bin sau: a Hop cling truye'n thong Arc clua len web Met se harp ding truyen thong d'a dugc sir dung thutmg xuyen va chuAn nei dung, met ben sop thao va dua len website de cac ben tham gia ky ket Hgp ding dien tir loai thuamg dugc sir dung met se linh vuc nhu dich vu vien thong, Internet, dien thoai, du lich, van tai, bao hiem, tai chinh, ngan Cac hop ding dugc dua toan bi) nei dung len cac web va phia duai thuOng c6 nut "Ding ST" hoc "Khong ding Si" ben tham gia lua chin va xac than su ding y vai cac dieu khoan cua hop ding Co hai loai hgp ding dien tir phi bien: Hgp ding truyen thong dugc hinh qua giao dich to ding & Hop ding co sir dung Chit kS, a b Hop clang dien tit hinh qua giao dich to clang Day la hinh thirc hgp ding dien ter dugc sir dung phi bin tren cac website thuang mai dien ter ban le (B2C), dien hinh nhu: Amazon.com , Dell.com, Ford.com, Chodientu.vn, Thegioididong.com.vn Trong hinh thirc nay, nguad mua tien hanh cac busk dat hang tuAn to tren website cua nguad ban theo quy trinh da dugc to ding hoa Quy trinh thong thuamg 56 gom cac buac tir tim kiem san pham, lira chip, dat hang, tinh gia, chin hinh thirc giao hang, town, xac nhan h9p ding Dac diem nii bat dm loci hgp ding dien tir la nOi dung h9p ding khong dugc sop sin ma dugc hinh giao dich to dOng May tinh to fling h9p nOi dung va xir ly qua trinh giao dich dua teen cac thong tin nguiyi mua nhap vao MOt so giao dich dien tir ket thitc bang hop ding, mOt so khac ket thitc bang don da't hang dien tir Cuii qua trinh giao dich, hop ding dien tir dugc tong hgp va hien thi de nguoi mua xac nhan su dingy von cac nOi dung dm h9p ding Sau do, nguoi ban se dugc thong bao ve hap ding va giri xac nhan dii von hgp ding den nguari mua qua nhieu hinh thirc, co the bang email hoac cac phuong thirc khac nhu dien thoai, fax c Hap dOng dien to hinh qua Mu dien to Day la hinh thirc hap ding dien tir dugc sir dung phi bien cac giao dich dien tir giita cac doanh nghiep von doanh nghiep (B2B), dac bit la cac giao dich thuong mai dien tir quic te Trong hinh thirc nay, cac ben sir dung thu dien tir de tien hanh cac giao dich, cac buck phi bien thuemg bao chao hang, h6i hang, dam phan ve cac dieu lchoan cita h9p ding nhu quy cach pham chat, gia Ca, so luting, dieu kien co sa giao hang Quy trinh giao dich, dam phan, ky ket va thuc hien h9p ding tuang to quy thuc trinh giao dich truyen thing, diem khac biet la phuong tien sir dung hien giao ket hgp ding la may tinh, mang Internet va email a Hinh thirc giao ket hgp ding dien tir qua email c6 uu diem nii bat la truyen tai dugc nhieu chi tiet, nhieu thong tin, tic dO giao dich nhanh, chi phi thap, pham vi giao dich rang Tuy nhien, hinh thirc co mOt nhugc diem la tinh bao mat cho cac giao dich va kha nang rang buOc trach nhiem cua cac ben thap H9p ding thuong dugc thiet lap qua nhieu email qua trinh giao dich, nhien, cac ben thuftg tap h9p mOt hgp ding hoan chinh sau qua trinh giao dich de thing nhat lai cac nOi dung da nit& tri qua trinh dam phan d Hap clOng dien to co sir dung chit kj so Day la hinh thirc hop ding dien tir da dugc sir dung tren cac san giao dich dien tir tien tien nhu Alibaba.com , Asite.com, Covisint.com , Bolero.net Dac diem nii bat la cac ben phai c6 chit 14 s6 de kST vao cac 57 thong diep dir lieu qua trinh giao dick Chinh vi c6 sir dung chit ky s6 nen loai hgp ding dien to c6 dO bao mat va rang buOc trach nhiem cac ben cao ham cac hinh thirc tren Tuy nhien, de c6 the sir dung chit ky so, can co su tham gia cua cac ca quan chfmg thvc chit kj, s6 ma teen the giai cong nhu tai Viet Nam hien nay, dich vu giai down bAt dau trien khai Quy trinh ca ban de ky ket hop ding dien tfr c6 sir dung chit ky s6 bang cong nghe khoa ding khai PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) thuimg gom sau buac ca ban: Bit& MOt ben (nguai gfri) sop thao hgp ding, sau d6 rut gin hgp ding bang phan mem Quy trinh thuong dugc ggi la quy trinh rut gin hgp ding (Hash-Function) Bade Ben lien hanh tao chit ky so tir ban rut gin cua hgp ding bang each sir dung khOa bi mat cua minh Hai buck thu6ng dugc ggi la qua trinh kj, so Bade He dam bao bi mat nOi dung hop ding va chit ky so, ben lien hanh ma hga ca hgp ding va chir ky so vira tao bang kh6a cong khai cila ben Sau gfri hgp ding va chir ky so da dugc ma He qua Internet den ben (nguoi nhan) Buck dugc ggi IA "goi phong bi so" Bade NguOri nhan tien hAnh "ma phong bi sin bang each sir dung khoa bi mat cua minh de giAi ma thong diep nhan dugc Buck dAm bAo chi nhat nguoi than c6 the nhan dugc thOng diep va chit ky so cua nguoi gfri Khi da ngu6i nhan se co tay hgp ding va chi/ ky so cua nguoi giri Tiep theo nguoi nhan tien hanh xac thvc tinh town ven nOi dung cua hgp ding va chit ky so Bit* Nguai nhan tien hanh Kit gin hgp ding va nhan dugc ban rut gin thfr nhat; tier, nguoi nhan tien hanh giai ma chit ky se; bang kh6a cong khai cua ngu6i gfri va nhan dugc ban rut gin thir hai Bade Nguai nhan lien hanh so sanh hai ban rut gin nay, neu giing chfmg t6 sir toan yen cua hgp ding va chit ky so dfmg la cua ngu6i gfri Neu co su khac biet chung to da c6 su thay doi nOi dung hgp ding hoac chit kj, so Ve ca ban quy trinh ky ket Nip ding dien tfr co six dung chit ky so tuang ttx nhu quy trinh giao dich thucmg mai dien tfr B2C hoac B2B, diem 58 khac bit la moi buac giao dich, cac ben sir dung chit 1c5f s6 a bao mat nOi dung va xac thvc ngu6i giri hop dOng 2.1.1.4 Loi ich cita hap along alien tit Sir dung hop dOng din tir dem lai cho doanh nghi6p b8n 19i ich co ban Thu nhat, hop dog din tir giup cac b6n tit ki6m thoi gian, chi phi giao dich, dam phan va 1c5, Vet h9p dOng Thu hai, sir dung hop dOng din tir giup cac doanh nghi6p giam chi phi ban hang Thu ba, sir dung hop dOng din tir giiip qua trinh giao dich, mua ban nhanh va chinh xac han Thu tu, sir dung hop dOng din tir giup cac doanh nghi6p nang cao nang hrc canh tranh va kha rang hoi nhap kinh to quOc te Hop dOng din tir khong chi dem lai loci ich cho cac nha san xuAt ma dem lai nhieu 19i ich cho cac ding ty thucmg mai Di8n hinh la cong ty Thucmg mai va XuAt nhap khAu Li-Fung tai Wing Kong da sir dung h9p Sing din tir rat cong C6ng ty hoat d6ng vOi to cach la trung gian gioi thi6u cac san phAm cua Trung QuOc va HOng Kong sang thi tnrong MY va Chau Au Li-Fung da timg buac xay dung dugc he thOng mang giao dich din tir 1c8t n6i cac nha san xuAt tai Trung QuOc, Hong Kong von cac khach hang tai My, Chau Au de" ki8m tra hang hoa, nguyen lieu r6i tin toi ky kOt hop doting Teen ca so h6 thOng giao dich din tir nay, Li-Fung có th6 ky hqp dOng cung cAp hang h6a cho cac lchach hang My, Chau Au va qua ciing lien hanh ky k6t hop dOng von cac nha san xuAt tai Trung QuOc, Wong Kong va h9p dOng mua nguyen lieu von cac nha cung cAp Nhat Ban, Han QuOc Hang Ma duoc giao trkrc tip tir nha may dm cac nha san xuAt sang cac Ichach hang tai My va Chau Au Thong qua h8 thOng giao dich din tir, Li-Fung da giam chi phi va th6i gian luu trix hang, nguyen lieu, th6i gian tir dat hang den luc giao hang tir tun l xuOng 16 ngay, di6u tao loi th e canh tranh cua Li-Fung so von dOi thu canh tranh khac 2.1.2 KS, kit hpp (tang CO ter 2.1.2.1 Kf, kit hop siting dien tit B2B B2B la chit vi6t tit ciia Business-To-Business d8 chi mo hinh giao dich 59 throng mai dien tir gift doanh nghiep voi doanh nghiep Giao dich B2B thtking dien tai cac san giao dich dien tir B2B (B2B emarketplace), trao d6i giao dich qua thu dien tir hoac mang truy'en tai dir lieu dien tir (EDI) Theo website nghien cfru thi truang - eMarketer (2003) va Citing ty dit lieu qu6c to - International Data Corporation (2004), tong gia tri giao dich thucmg mai dien tir B2B dat 1.400 tS, USD nam 2003 va 2.400 ty USD nam 2004 Cling theo tinh toan cna hai ding ty nay, tong gia tri thucmg mai dien to B2B toL cau nam 2008 dat khoang 10.000 t'S, USD TS, le phan tram giao dich B2B dIra tren Internet tong gia tri giao dich thucmg mai B2B khong qua Internet tang tir 0,2% nam 1997 len 2,1% nam 2000 va khoang 10% nam 2005 TS, cac giao dich thuang mai dien tir B2B chiam trung binh khoang 85% tong gia tri giao dich thucmg mai dien tir Thuang mai dien tir B2B da trai qua giai doan phat tri6n tinh tir nam 1995 an nay, bao g6m: - Giai doan (1995-1997): Hien dien ten web, quang ba va Vic ti6n; - Giai doan (1997-2000): Dat hang ft -km tuy6n B2B; - Giai doan (2000-2001): San giao dich dien tir B2B, B2G; - Giai doan (2001-2002): Quan tri ngu6n hrc doanh nghiep (ERP); - Giai dog' (2002 - nay): Ban hang to dOng, dich vu true tuy6n, tich hop he th6ng thong tin va ngoai doanh nghiep, lien k6t va ph6i hop von d6i taz thOng qua N th6ng SCM va CRM Thucmg mai dien tir B2B dang buac vao giai doan thir nam, giai dog' cac doanh nghiep tang cuamg ling dung ding -nghe thong tin d6 xay dung cac he tilting thong tin tich hop giira nha cung cap , va ngu6i mua, cai thin day chuytn cung ling, nang cao hieu qua san xuat ben va phan ph6i ben ngoai doanh nghiep, xay dung cac he th6ng ban hang va dich vu khach hang thong minh, tryc tuy6n Thuang mai diO tir B2B ding dugc chia b6n loaf hinh ca bL clva ten quy trinh giao dich, d6i tugng xay chpig ca so tang cho giao dich dien tir va s6 lugng cac ben tham gia san giao dich dien tu Cac san giao dich bao g6m: - San cna nguiri ban: ngoai ban ban lap cho nhi'eu ngu&i mua - San ciia nguiri mua: nguiyi mua lap cho nhi6'u ngoai ban 60 - San cim trung gian:'cho nhieu nguai ban va nhieu nguai mua - Cling thirong mai dign tir tick ho: nhieu ben phi hgp nham chia se thong tin va giao dich gala doanh nghiep, co quan quan ly, cac to chirc CO nhieu san giao dich thucmg mai dien tir dien hinh cho tat ca cac mo hinh tren nhu: Cisco - San giao dich cua nguai ban; General Electric, Boeing, Marshall - San giao dich cua nguai mua; Alibaba - San giao dich cua trung gian hay Belero.net - Cling thuong mai dien tir Cisco dugc coi la mOt nhang cong ty dau tien da xay dung cong san giao dich dien tir B2B tren the giOi a Ki kit hap djng tren san giao dich thizang mai dien to disci Cisco Systems Cisco Systems (www.cisco.com) la nha san xuat b0 dinh tuyen (router), b0 chuyen mach (switch), day la nha cung cap dich vg lien ket mang hang dau the gi&i Cisco da khong ngimg mo reng vai nam gall day va da phat trien san giao dich thuong mai dien tir chuyen cung cap dich vu ban hang tivc tiep cho cac khach hang la doanh nghiep lan nhat ten the gioi Tir nam nam 1994, Cisco dua town b0 he thOng kinh doanh cua minh len mang va dat ten la Ket not Cisco trkrc tuyen (Cisco Connection Online - CCO) Den nam 2001, website da don nhan khoang 1.3 trieu lugt khach hang va cac doi tac trung gian truy cap de nhan dugc su ho trg ky thu4t, dat hang va kiem tra tinh hinh thIrc hien hgp dOng, hoac tai phan mem Dich vv thu but khoang 85% cac yeu eau dich vu cua khach hang va 95% phan mem cap nhat dugc thvc hien trvc tuyen Dich vu ten website B2B cua Cisco dugc cung cap bang 14 thin tieng MO hinh cua Ciso dugc coi la mOt mo hinh B2B cong dien hinh dau tien tren the gioi KST ket hcrp thing di?n tir B2B: Cisco xay dimg tat ca cac san pham cua minh theo don dat hang dm cac khach hang doanh nghiep, vi the có rat it san pham lam san Truck có he th6ng kinh doanh twc tuyen CCO, dat hang va quan 15, cac don dat hang la mOt cong viec ton thai gian, phirc tap va hay xay loi, vi no dugc tien hanh bang fax hay thu truyen thong Cisco bat dau irng dung cac cong cu thuong mai dien tir dua ten nen tang Web vao thang nam 1995, va yang nam, trung tam san pham Internet da 61 có the cho phep khach hang mua bat kS, san pham nao cila Cisco tren Web Ngay nay, mOt ky su cua khach hang di the ng6i tai mOt chiec may vi tinh, thiet ke mOt san pham va có the phat hien lap tirc neu có bat 14 mOt sai sot gi eau hinh thOng qua he th6ng 111) trg thiet ke to Ong oh Cisco Bang viec cung cap gia ca va cac cong cu cho phdp khach hang to eau hinh san pham theo nhu cau cua minh, hau het cac don hang (khoang 98% ) au dugc dat thong qua CCO, tiet kiem th6i gian va chi phi cho ca Cisco va khach hang Nam 1996, yang thang dau hoat Ong dat hang dien tir, Cisco da ghi nhan doanh thu ban hang trkrc tuy6n teen 100 trieu USD Con s6 tang len tS, nam 1998 va hcrn tSr nam 2002 b Giao dich tren cdng thwang mai dien tee Bolero.net: MO hinh san giao dich dien tir qu6c to B2B dugc lap dau tien tren the gioi la Bolero.net, veri muc dich trien khai van don dien tir va tat ca cac chimg tir dien tir qua trinh giao dich thuong mai qu6c t6 Dac diem n6i bat oh mo hinh la sir dung chit 14 s6 tat ca cac giao dich Tai moi buck giao dich, cac ben au sir dung chit 14 s6 de ma hoa va bao mat thong diep dir lieu tnrac truyen giri Chit 14 s6 ding co the dugc sir dung tai cac san giao dich dien tir, tai cac ben có the sir dung chit 14 s6 de 14, giri, nhan, xac thuc cac ben va nOi dung cac chit/1g tir dien dr Toan 1)0 quy trinh giao nhan dien tir thong qua Bolero.net bao ghln ca quy trinh phat hanh van don dien tir, chuyen quyen sa hitu tir ngtecri xuat khau sang nguoi nhap khau, an viec xuat trinh cho dai ly ngtr•M chuyen cha tai nuov nhap khau de nhan hang dugc minh hoa qua 14 buoc cu the nhu sau: Mt* 1: Ngu6i nhap khau clang nhap vao Bolero.net va dat hang thong qua N th6ng xir ly thong diep Trung tam (BCMP - Bolero Core Messaging Platform); Buyk 2: Nguoi xuat khau Bang nhap vao Bolero.net va nhan don dat hang cila ngu6i nhap khau; 13trac 3: Nguei nhap khau giri cho ngueri xuat khau mOt thong diep you cau cac chimg tir can xuat trinh sau giao hang dugc toan; a Bwor 4a: Nguei xuat khau giri chap nhan cho ngold nhap khau; 62 Nei dung quan nhAt chimg chi se hay chimg thu dien tir la /lux (5): Dit lieu de kiem tra chit 14 dien tir cua nguai dugc cap chung thu dien tir (hay khoa cong khai tucmg img voi khoa bi mat da cap cho nguiyi long 14) Dit lieu thong thueyng gom khoa cong khai cua nguai dugc cap chirng thu dien tir Chinh khoa cong khai va phan m'em Kit ggn hay dugc goi la ham barn (hash function) va phan mem 14 dien tir se la ding cu de kiem tra chit 14 dien tir cua nguai dugc cap Khoa cong khai cua nguOi nhan ding chinh la cong cu nguiyi giri sir dung viec ma Ma thong diep dien tir nham dam bao tinh bao mat cila thong diep qua trinh giao dich Theo d6, nguai gun se dung khoa cong khai cua nguai nhan de ma h6a thong diep truorc gin, nguoi nhan se la nguai nhAt co the giai ma thong diep sir dung khoa bao mat tucmg img cua minh a Tren the OM hien nay, Verisign (met cong ty cua Hoa 1(5 ,) dugc coi IA cong ty hang dau cung cap dich vu chimg thvc chit 14 dien tir va chit 14 se, ben canh co met se cong ty khac nhu Chambersign, Trustwise (Ngulin: http://www.out-law.com/page-443) Chit 14 se sir dung cong nghe PKI dugc coi la met loai chit ky dien tir an toan va hien dang dugc sir dung rang raj tai nhieu quec gia tren the giOi Tuy nhien, hien tai va tuang lai, ben canh cong nghe nay, c6 met se loai chit 14 dien to khac cong dap img dugc cac yeu eau an toan va co kha nang cong se dugc sir dung rang rai Vi v'Sy, lust cac qu6c gia deu c6 xu hu6ng quy dinh ro ve cac yeu c'au doi voi chit 14 dien tir an toan va khong rang buec cu the chit 14 d6 dugc tao bon cong ngh'e nao Theo Dieu 22, khoan dm lust giao dich dien tir Viet Nam: "Chit 14 dien tir dugc xem la bao dam an toan neu dugc kiem chimg bang met quy trinh kiem tra an toan cac ben giao dich them thuan va dap img dugc cac dieu kien sau day: - Dit lieu tao chit 14 dien tir chi gin nhat voi nguai 14 bei canh dit lieu d6 dugc sir dung; - Dit lieu tao chit 14 dien tir chi thuec sit kiem soat cua ngu6i ky tai thin diem 14; - Mgi thay doi del von chit 14 dien tir sau thai diem 14 deu c6 the bi phat hien; 128 - MQi thay d6i d6i voi not dung ciia thong diep dit lieu sau thi di6m 14 de'u có the bi phat hien." Hay theo khoan 2, Di& 22, chi/ ky dien tir da dugc t6 chirc cung cap dich vu chUng thuc chit kST dien tit chimg thuc cling dugc coi la chit ky dien tir an town Nhu vay, chit 14 s6 IA dang dac thu cua chit ky dien tir va theo cac quy dinh ten ding dugc coi lA chit ky dien tit an toan Dich vy chtimg thgc chit kjr A la dich vu ca ban hien cUa cac ca quan chimg thuc, ro rang la cac loai chit 14 di& tit khac dugc sir dung chu A yeu nOi bO tO chirc hoac doanh nghiep thutmg khOng can chimg thirc Chi cac chir ky dien tir dugc cac t6 chirc, ca nhan sir dung cac giao dich voi d6i tac ben ngoai mai can su chimg thuc cua ca quan chimg thuc Loai chit ky dien tir can su chimg thuc dm ben thin ba ph6 bin hien la chit ky se, do not den chirng thuc chit 14 dien tir hien nay, chit yeti dugc hi6u la chUng thuc chit ky so Theo quy dinh cila Viet Nam hien nay, "dich vu cluing thuc chit ky so" la mgt loai hinh dich vv chimg thuc chit 14 dien tit, t6 chirc cung cap dich vu chimg thuc chir ky s6 cap Dich vu chimg thuc chit ky s6 bao g6m: - Tao cap khOa bao g6m khoa cong khai va khem bi mat cho thue bao; - Cap, gia han, tam dimg, plwc h6i va thu 116i chimg thu s6 cua thue bao; - Duy tri trvc tuyen co so dr lieu ve chimg thu s6; - Nhitng dich vu khac co lien quan theo quy dinh (Ngu6n: Di& 3, khoan 6, Nghi dinh 26/2007ND-CP, 15/2/2007) Chit 14 s6 v6 ban chat la mot loai chit kY dien tir dac biet, viec chimg thuc chit 14 s6 khac Net kha nhiL so voi chimg thuc cac loai chit 14 dien tir thOng thuemg khac b Vai trO czia dich vy Chimg thuc chic 19, dien to Viec truyL, nhan dir lieu qua man Internet giiip thu ng& dugc khoang cach vat 15, d6i voi nguoi giri va nguai nhan dit lieu Tuy nhien, voi su gia tang khOng ngimg cua the lvc tOi pham may tinh thi viec truy'en, nhan dit lieu qua mang ti6'm an rat nhi6u rui ro Do vay, viec 129 dua giai phap nham ngan char tOi mirc t6i da cac moi de doa den an ninh dir lieu clang dugc Tat tao tien de cho viec day math cac giao dich qua mang Internet MOt nhitng giai phap hitu hieu nhat d6 chinh la chimg thuc dien tir va chir so Chimg thuc dien tir la hog dOng chirng thuc danh tinh nhang ngueri tham gia vao viec giri va nhan thong tin qua mang, d6ng thari, cung cap cho ho nhitng cong cu, nhimg dich vu can thiet thuc hien viec bao mat thong tin, chimg thuc ngu6n g6c va nOi dung thOng tin He th6ng chimg thuc dien tir dugc xay dung dip ten ca s6 tang khod ding khai (PKI - Public Key Infrastructure) vai nen tang la mat ma khod ding khai va chit s6 a Ngueti sir dung dich vti chimg thuc dien tir se dugc cac ca quan cung cap dich vu cap chimg chi s6 va mOt cap khod (khoa bi mat va khod dog khai) de c6 the tham gia sir dung chimg thuc dien tir cac img dung ma minh tham gia Noi cach khac, chimg thuc dien tir c6 the dem so sanh v6i the chimg minh thu nhan dan, hay h0 chieu Su khac la or chO, the chimg minh thu nhan dan va h0 chieu la bang gib de xac minh, nhan dien mOt nguoi dung cuOc song thuc Viec chimg thuc se dugc thong qua ca quan chirc nang c6 than quyen, chimg chi s6 khong chi de xac minh ngu6i, ma no c6 the xac mirth rat nhieu loai thuc the khac (t6 chirc, ca th8ng qua moi truong ao, moi truOng Internet Ching thuc dien tir la hoat clang khOng chi chUng thuc danh tinh nguoi hay thuc the tham gia vao viec truyen nhan thong tin qua mpg internet, ma no thut hien viec bao mat thong tin, xac thuc ngu6n geic xuat xir va tinh town yen dm thong tin Theo 1u'at giao dich dien tir Viet Nam, Dieu khoan 2, thi Chirng thuc chit V dien tir la viec xac nhan ca quan, t6 chirc, ca nhan dugc chimg thuc IA ngu6i chfr dien tir Chimg thuc dien tir dai nham dam bao cho an town thong tin moi tnr•mg mpg nen no c6 day du cac chirc nang nhu: dam bao tinh xac thuc, dam bao tinh bao mat ciia thong tin, dam bao tinh town von thong tin va tinh khong the phi' nhan Do co nhitng tinh nang nhu vay, chimg thuc dien tir dugc img dung vao rat nhieu link vuc nhu: vao tai lieu dien tir 130 (trong ca linh vtrc thucmg mai va phi thuong mai), gfri nhan thu dien tir dam bao, giao dich thucmg mai dien tir, bdo ve mpg khong day WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), bdo ddm an town cho cdc dich vu web, xac thut website, xac thuc may chfr hay xac thuc phAn mem, mang rieng VPN (Virtual Private Network) Cdc chfi the (hay caz thug bao) sir dung dich vu chfmg thuc dien tit se dugc cdc co quan cung cap dich vu chfmg thuc dien tir CA (Certificattion Authority) cung cap met chirng chi se kern theo met cap ma khoa (gem met khoa bi mat thue bao giu va met khOa cong khai) de 14 cho cac giao dich dien tir Cac quec gia muen trien khai dich vu chfmg thuc dien tir can phdi xay dung hanh lang phdp 1ST phii hop, xay dung tAng khoa cong khai, tAng ky thuat deg be \raj tAng khoa ding khai, xay dung nguen nhan luc c6 six dung dich vu va xay dung met mo hinh t6 chfrc, met quy dir trinh dO trinh cung cap dich vu chfrng thuc dien tfr phi' hop vOi quec gia minh a 2.3.3 Diu kifn di ddm biio cho sy phdt &tin dich vu chrrng thyr CKDT 2.3.3.1 Dieu kin ve co so hg king cong nghe thong tin va truVen thong Dich vu chi:mg thuc chit ky dien tir ve ban chAt la met loci giao dich dien tfr, de de trien khai dugc dich vu can co nhitng dieu kin nhAt dinh ve trinh de cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong dm mOi qu6c gia va cua cdc t6 chirc, ca nhan tham gia Chi s6 xa hei ThOng tin (Information Society Index) dugc Tap doan Dit lieu quec to IDC tap hop va cong be hang nam dugc sir dung ld met nhang can cir phe bien tren the giOi danh gid mire de phat trien xa hei thong tin Nhimg tieu chi dm chi se c6 the dugc sir dung de danh gid dieu kin ve coy soy tang cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong cho giao dich dien tir not chung va cho hoat &Ong chfmg thuc chit 14 dien tir not rieng Nhu vay, dam bao co su tang cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong cho dich vu chfmg thuc chit 14 dien tir, cdc dieu kin can thiet phai dap frng gem: a a 131 (i) Ca so tang may tinh: De dap *rig nhitng dieu kien nay, truac het can co ding nghiep phan cling (ca hang dien tir va linh kien may tinh) phuc vu cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong Tieu chuan de danh gia dieu kien ve cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong thuOng bao gam ty le may grill tren dau nguai va kim ngach xuat khau hang nam cua nhimg mat hang (ii) Ca sa tang Internet va dich vu vien thong: Dich vu Internet va vien thong la nhiing dieu kien tiep theo phai dap ilng d6 co the trien khai chimg thuc chit ky dien tir Dieu kien dugc the hien a sa ltrong thue bao, t6c dO tang va s6 nguai sir dung Internet Ve phia nha cung cap dich vu, dieu kien dugc the hien nang luc cua cac nha cung cap thong qua thi phan, cac loai dich vu vien thong va dung lugng ket n6i Internet quac 2.3.3.2 Dib ken v" khung phcip ly e De dich vu chimg thuc dien tit thut sr di vao cuec sang, can phai co met co sa phap lY chat the vai cac quy dinh re rang de bao dam quyen lei va trach nhiem cua cac ben tham gia giao dich dien tit Truck het, can co luat va quy dinh cu the ve cac van de nhu: - Thira nhan gia tri phap ly dm chit 14 dien tir, quy dinh ve nghia vu cua nguai clang ky ding nhu ben chap nhan chit ky dien tir cac giao dich dien tir; Thira than gia tri phap ly cua cac chit ky sa va chimg thu so cua nu6c ngoai; - Quy dinh huang dan quy trinh hoat deng cua cac co quan chimg thuc dien tir; dieu kien cap phap va hoat Ong cita cac to chile cung cap dich vu chirng thuc chit ky s6 va ca bien phap xir lY nhimg vi pham phap luat lien quan den chit ky s6 Quy dinh cac dieu kien dam bao an toan cho chit ky A SO Do dac thii dm chit 14 sa, dir có rat nhieu lgi ich nhung cling rat phirc tap ve cong nghe, quy dinh dia luat ding nhu cac chinh sach can dam bao !than manh den khuyen khich sir dung chit 14 so va dich vu chimg thuc chit ky sa Dac biet khuyen khich sir dung cac linh vx.rc kink tá, chinh tri, xa hei de thilc day viec trao dal thong tin va cac giao dich qua mang nham nang cao nang suat lao deng; ma rang cac hoat deng thuong mai; hO trg cai cach hanh chinh, tang tien ich xa hOi 132 Song song vai xay dung khung phap 1ST an trien khai deng be ve phe bien phap luat; phat trien img dung; to chirc dao tao nguen nhan luc; nghien cim, hop tac va chuyen giao ding nghe lien quan den chit 14 se va dich vu chimg thuc chit ks, s6 Mei truemg phap luat dkr du ve chir 14 dien tir va dich vu chimg thuc chit 14 dien tir la ca sa de cac doanh nghiep lien hanh trien khai dich vu cap va chimg thuc chit 14 se cho cac t6 chirc va Ca nhan a co cong cu 14 ket cac h9p deng dien tir thuan tien, an toan va phu h9p yen trinh de quac Hoa KST Luat Giao dich dien tir tilting nhAt (Uniform Electronic Transaction Act), 1999 - - Luat Chit ks, dien tir thucmg mai quec gia va quec to thong nhAt (Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act), 2000 Lien minh Chau Au (bao gom ca Bi) - Chi thi Thucmg mai Dien tir (Electronic Commerce Directive), 2000 Han Qutic - Luat thuang mai dien tir (The Basic Law on Electronic Commerce) Singapore - Luat Giao dich Dien tir (Electronic Transactions Act), 1998 Viet Nam - Lust Giao dich dien tir (Electronic Transactions Act), 2005 2.3.3.3 Dilu kien v'J chinh sach phat trien cua Nha nuac De dich vu chimg thirc c6 the phat tri6n va di vao cuec song, can phai co sr ung he ciza Nha nuac thO'ng qua cac chinh sach khuyen khich phat trien, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tham gia dich vu va khuyen khich khach hang sir dung Cu the, Nha nuac can c6 chinh sach ho tra phat trien tang ca sa mpg Internet va vier' thong, chinh sach ho trq xay dung hanh lang phap 1S7, chinh sach ht; trg cac doanh nghiep di d'au rinh vuc cung cap dich vu tao lieu kien thuan lqi thuc day dich vu chimg thuc dien tir Viet Nam phat trien 133 Tnroc het, can c6 nhang quy dinh, chinh sach cu the de trien khai dp dung char ky dien tir cac ca quan quan 1ST nha nuac Dic biet, can c6 chinh sach cu the, timg buck khuyen khich trien khai sir dung chit ky dien tir cac giao dich dien tir nhu: - Giao dich dien tir nOi b0 ca quan nha nuac - Giao dich dien tir gifra cac ca quan nha nuac von - Giao dich dien tir giira ca quan nha nuac von ca quan, t6 chirc, ca than Teen thuc te, can CO nhimg bien phap, quy dinh va chinh sach cu the de trien khai giao dich dien tir co sir dung chir ky dien tir nOi b0 cac co quan nha nuac truck, tiep den trien khai doi von cac giao dich dien tir giita cac co quan nha nuac vai Tien tai, trien khai img dung chir ky dien tir va chung thut chit k5r dien tir cho t6 chirc va ca nhan khac de sir dung moi giao dich dien tir Song song vai xay di:mg chinh sach, can c6 ca quan dAu m6i ve chimg thuc dien tir qu6c gia (CA root) quan 15/ chung va dua he thtmg cha ky dien tir th6ng nhAt ca nuac va phii hop von cac tieu chuAn qutic te Ben canh do, can c6 chinh sach chimg thuc va tieu chuAn chimg thuc qu6c gia nham dam bao su thong nhAt va dO tin cay, an toan dm he thOng ding nhu thuOn tien trien khai, 136ng thoi, can c6 nhcmg bien phap, chinh sach cu the dAy nhanh tien dO hot &Ong dm T6 chirc cung cap dich vu chimg thuc chit ky s6 qu6c gia a a 2.3.3.4 Didu kien ne3i luc cira to chic set dung chrf 19') dien to De phat trien dich vg chimg thuc dien tir, can co mOt dOi nga chuyen gia cong nghe thOng tin du manh, c6 kha nang bit kip von su phat trien cua cong nghe, ky thu4t ding nhu co kha nang thiet ke, xay dung cac img dung dap i'mg yeu cau trien khai dich vu chimg thuc dien tir Yeu cAu ve than luc kh8ng chi ve chAt luong ma phai ca ve s6 luomg de c6 the trien khai ap dung chit k5, dien tir dtmg b0 tai cac t6 chirc tren ca nuac cac giao dich phi thucmg mai va thuang mai Dieu doi h6i phai c6 cac chinh sach khuyen khich dao tao chuyen sau va rOng rai ve thucmg mai dien tir, khuyen khich irng dung cong nghe 134 thOng tin quan 13'T hanh chinh va kinh doanh, Ong tiled khuyen khich dao tao chuyen sau ve ung dung chit dien tir Ben canh do, can tao dieu kien thuan lgi de cac co sa dao tao t6 chirc Wien khai dao tao ngu6n nhan luc de tri'en khai hoat dOng Kinh nghiem cac nuoc da trie'n khai cling dich vu chirng thuc chit ky dien tit cho thAy, kho khan trien khai dich vu chimg thtrc dien tir va ap dung chit ky dien tir giao dich dien tir chinh la O trinh dO cua dOi net can b0 chuyen trach ve hoat Ong cac t6 chirc sir dung dich vu 2.3.3.5 Dib kien ve not luc cz'ta cac to chew cung cdp dich vu chicng thttc Chit dien to dugc chinh thirc dua vao hoat Ong se CO s6 lugng to chirc va ca nhan tham gia six dung rat Win Do dO, nOi luc cita cac co quan t6 chirc cung cAp dich vu phai dam bao dugc cac yeu cAu rat cao ve tang ky thuat, man Internet, ve ngu6n nhan luc Nhin chung, cac t6 chirc tham gia cung cAp dich vu chimg thuc dien tir phai dap frng dieu kien: (i) Dieu kien ye thit tuc, giAy phdp hoat dOng: Cac t6 chirc tham gia cung cAp dich vu chimg thuc chit ky dien tir phai dap tng cac dieu kien ve thit tuc nhu: (1) CO giAy phep cung cAp dich vu chtng thuc chit s6; (2) CO chimg thu s6 t6 chirc cung cAp dich vu chimg thgc chit ky s6 qu6c gia cap (ii) Drell k4n vs tai chinh: De dugc cap phdp hoat Ong, t6 chirc cung cAp dich vu phai dap frng nhithg dieu kien nhAt dinh ve tai chinh nhu: (a) Co dU nang luc tai chinh de thiet lap he thOng trang thiet bi ky thu4t, t6 chirc va trl hoat Ong phit hgp yeti quy mo cung cAp dich vu; (b) Ky quy tai mgt ngan hang hoc cam ket mua bao hiem d giai quytt cac rui ro va cac lchoan den bit co the xay qua trinh cung cAp dich vu va town chi phi tiep nhan va tri co so dit lieu dm doanh nghiep truang hgp bi thu h6i giAy phdp (iii) Dieu kien ve nhan luc: Cac doanh nghiep phai dap img them dieu kien ve nhan ltrc nhu: (a) CO dOi ngu nhan vien ky thuat, nhan vien quan 1S1, 135 diet' hanh, nhan vien quan IST an ninh va nhan vien dich vtt khach hang dap img dugc yeu eau ve chuyen mon va quy mo trien khai dich vu; khong co tien an, tien sit; (b) Nguiyi dai dien theo phap luat hieu biet phap luat ve chit 14r s6 va dich vu chting thtrc chit 14 so (iv) Dieu kien ve ky thuat: Do dac thu cua dich vu chUng thtrc chit 14, s6,cadonhgiep (mgdieuknratchvyu Cu the, cac doanh nghiep dang 14, tham gia cung cap dich vv phai thiet lap he th6ng thiet bi ky thuat dam bao cac yeu cau: (a) Luu tnz day du, chinh xac va cap nhat thong tin dia thue bao phuc vu cho viec cap chimg thu s6 thong su6t than gian chimg thu s6 c6 hieu lvc; (b) Dam bao tao cap khoa chi cho phep mOi cap khoa dugc tao ngAu nhien va dung mgt lan nhat; co tinh nang dam bao khod bi mat khong bi phat hien c6 khoa ding khai tuang fing; (c) HO th6ng phan ph6i khOa cho thue bao phai dam bao sit toan yen va bao mat dm cap Ichoi Trong truong hap phan ph6i khoa thong qua moi truimg mang may tinh thi he th6ng phan phoi khod phai sir dung cac giao thirc bao mat dam bao khong 10 thong tin tren dtrimg truyen (v) Dieu kien ve kinh doanh: T6 chirc cung cap dich vu chting thvc dien tir ciing phai dap (mg cac you cau ve ca sa tang phuc vu kinh doanh cao han so voi cac nganh kinh doanh dich vu lchac, cu the nhu: (a) Co phucmg an ky thuat va phucmg an kinh doanh lcha thi, phit hgp voi cac quy chuan ky thuat va tieu chuan bat buOc ap dung; (b) Co cac phuang an kiem soat sr vao tru se; quyen troy nhap he thong, quyen vao noi dat thiet bi phuc vu viec cung cap dich vu chimg thvc chit 14 s6; (c) CO cac phucmg an du pheng dam bao tri hoat dOng an town, lien tuc va Ichic phuc co sit co xay ra; Nhu vay, co the thay de tham gia cung cap dich vu chimg tiurc char 14 s6, cac doanh nghiep phai dap *rig nhieu yeu cau rat cao ve tai chinh, nhan sit va ky thuat Tuy nhien, cac yeu cau ve nhan sit va ky thuat can dugc quy dinh cu the va ro rang han nira d6i voi ti mg loai, timg cap cua t6 chirc Dac biet la cac yeu cau cu the ve trang thiet bi phan cung, phan mem phuc vu cung cap dich vu chung thtrc cha 14 s6 136 * Phan tich tinh hming: KST ket hcrp ding MO tir bing email TINH HUONG DAT RA DOI VOL DOANH NGHIVP: Sau da có mot website vbi dcly dzi thOng tin ve cong ty, danh myc san phdm, quy cach, anh san phdm, gia ca win de cac cong ty quan tam la gti-i thong diep quang cao ve cong ty va glen thieu website den khach hang tiem nang Ben canh cac ngunn thong tin truyen thong, Internet kw kha nang cho cac cong ty tiep can ngudn thong tin dciy clzi, phong phic va cap nhdt tren cac Danh bg toan cdu, danh cong ty cica cac nu*, cac tam diem thwang mai, cac san giao dich B2B Dtra tren cac ngudn thOng tin xdc tien thwang mai nay, cong ty tien hanh gtii Email chew hang den cac khcich hang tiem nang Cac buck quy trinh giao dich sau del flip can vet nh an duar thong tin phan hni fir khach hang tiem nang C AU HO!: Hoi hang, dat hang qua e-mail khac gi so voi cac phuong tign truyen th6ng? Hcfp ding duqc hInh nhu the nao? Neu c6 tranh chAp thi lAy can cu nao de chung minh da c6 hop ding mua ban? i Cac dieu khoan duorc thoa thu'c n tren nhieu e-mail, tai cac than diem khac thi thad diem nao claw coi la thad diem hinh hop citing? Giao dich qua e-mail c6 uu diem va nhugc diem gi so vii cac hinh thuc giao dich truyen th6ng? Hai quan c6 chAp nh4n cac hop ding hinh qua cac e-mail khong? Khi khai hai quan, bo to khai can c6 hop thing thi Fay e-mail thay vao co duoc khong? 137 Danh may ten giam d6c va cong ty vao e-mail c6 dugc coi la chit 14, khong? Hai e-mail, mot e-mail c6 cac diEu khoan vE ten hang, s6 lugng, chat lucmg va mot e-mail c6 cac diEu khoan vE gia, thoi han giao hang, phucmg thirc town co thE thay thE hap ding dugc khong? 10 Trong town 1)0 quy trinh giao dich, hay chi nhilng van dE can chit 3', de tranh nhfing sai sot, tranh chap c6 thE xay Cau hal on tap Neu khai niEm dm hgp ding diEn tir va giao kEt hgp ding diEn tir Neu mot vai dac diEm dm hgp ding diEn tir So sanh hgp ding diEn tir vai h9p ding truyEn th6ng Neu nhimg lgi ich aim viEc sir dung hgp ding diEn tir thuang mai diEn tir Neu mot vai hinh thirc ki kEt hop ding diEn tir cling nhu qui trinh ki kEt hop ding diEn tir dm cac hinh thirc Neu cac nguyen tac ki kEt va thut hiEn hap ding diEn tir Neu cac diEu kiEn dE hgp ding diEn tir co hiEu luc H9p ding diEn tir dugc hinh vao thoi diEm nao, dila diEm a dau? Neu mot s6 nguin luat diEu chinh hgp ding diEn tir tai ViEt Nam 10 So sanh cac nguin luat diEu chinh hap ding diEn tir teen thE gi6i va tai ViEt Nam 11 Chit 14, s6 la gi? Chit 14 so co vai to nhu thE nao thucmg mai diEn tir ? 12 Hay neu cac nguyen tac dE sir dung chit kS, diEn ttl 13 Hay neu qui trinh kS, kEt chu ki diEn tir 14 So sanh cac nguin luat dieu chinh chit lq, diEn tir ten thE giai va tai ViEt Nam 138 15 Dieu kien co sa tang ky thu4t, phap Vr de trien khai chit ki dien tir 16.Hay neu mot vai hinh thirc ki ket bang chit ki dien tir tai Viet Nam 17.Hay neu thuc ki ket chit ki dien tir tai Viet Nam hien 18 Chimg thuc chit ki dien to la gi ? Vai tro cua chimg thut chit ki dien tir ? 19 Thanh toan dien tir la gi? Neu mot se hinh thirc toan dien tir ph6 bien hien 20 Neu qui trinh toan bang the tin dung thuong mai dien 21 So sanh L/C dien tit va L/C tnlyen thong 22 Neu mot s6 lqi ich cua viec trien khai toan dien tir 23 Neu nhcmg rui ro toan dien tir ma nguoi tieu dimg va doanh nghiep gap phai qua trinh den hanh giao dich toan 24 Neu cac hinh thirc toan dien tir ph6 Wen mo hinh thuong mai dien tir B2C tai Viet Nam 25 Neu cac dieu kien can thiet a tri6n khai toan dien tir 26 Neu thuc trang toan dien tir tai Viet Nam hien 27 Giai phap toan la gi? Neu mot s6 nha cung cap giai phap toan phe Wen ten the gioi va tai Viet Nam hien 28 So sanh the th6ng minh v6i the tin dung truyen th6ng Thu:at ngfr Ngfin hang toan (acquring bank): ng'an hang cung cap dich vu c6 the chap nhan cac toan bang the tin dung cho ngu&i ban a ho Giao dich khong xult trinh the (card not present transactions): giao dich toan bang the tin dung ma dia diem dm nguai mua va ngu6i ban khac d6 nguoi mua khOng xuat trinh the cho nguoi ban xem The town (charge card): the dung de mua sam voi han mire khong han che, toan bO s6 tien da chi tieu phai duce toan hang thang 139 BOi hoin (charge bank): qua trinh theo d6 ngan hang oh nguai ban liy lai so tien da dugc chuy6n vAo tai khoan cua nguai ban va tra lai vao tai khoan tin dung cita nokri mua ne'u nguai mua chimg minh dugc viec boi hoan IA hgp 157 Vi din tir (client-side electronic wallet): vi din ter Itru tilt thong tin cua ngwofi mua tren may tinh cua nguai mua The tin dung (credit card): the toan voi mOt han muc chi tieu nhit dinh, cac khoan chi tieu phai tra hang thong, chit the phai tra lAi ntu khong toan h6t cac khoan dA chi tieu thong Ngfin hang phit hanh the (customer issuing bank): ngfin hang cung cap dich vu the tin dung cho khach hang ca than, doi dugc ggi la hiep hOi the tin dImg The ghi ncr (debit card): mi5t loai the toan co th" chuye'n tien to tai khoan cua chit the sang tai khoan cua nguai ban Tai khoin cfia nguiri bin (Merchant Account): tai khoan ma nguai ban phai sir dung tai mot ngan hang c6 dich vu sir 15, cac toan bang the Ngfin hang cfia nguai bin (merchant bank): ngan hang cung cap dich vu cho nguai ban d nguai ban co th6 chip nhin cac toan bang the Giao dich sieu nho (micropayment): nhimg toan qua Internet cho nhfing m6n hang c6 gia tra rat nho - tren duai mOt USD The toan (payment card): thuit ngit chi cac the co Icha nang thIrc hien toan thay cho tien mAt, cac loai the toan phi) lien Om the tin dung, the ghi ng, the mua hang Nha cung cap dich vu toan dign tar (payment processing service provider): mot to chirc trung gian thin ba thuc hien xir IST cac giao dich toan din ter qua mpg M thong town ngfin hang (Peer-to-peer payment system): toan gift cac to chirc vCri The thfing minh (smart card): mot loai the nhkra tren c6 gin chip din ter d Itru tru cac th8ng tin ve chit the 140 The luu gia tri (stored-value card): the tix hoc the thong mink teen luu trir cac thong tin ve s6 du cho cac dich vu dien thoai, tau dien, xe bus Doanh nghrep gifra doanh nghiep (B2B): mo hinh thuang mai dien tit giira doanh nghiep von doanh nghiep B2C (E tailing): m6 hinh thuong mai dien tir giira doanh nghiep viii nguari tieu dung - Doanh nghrep vai nguiri lao deng (B2E): mo hinh thucmg mai dien tir gift doanh nghiep vori nguiri lao dung Ngtriri tieu dung yid doanh nghiep (C2B): mo hinh thuang mai dien tir giira nguari tieu dung van doanh nghiep Nguoi tieu thing voi ngtrel tieu dung (C2C): mo hinh thuang mai dien tir gifia nhfing nguad tieu dung vOi San giao dich (Tien tii (Electronic marketplace): mOt website, tai nguad mua va nguari ban g'a'p nhau, trao cfoi va giao dich ThAm dinh (authentication): la viec nh4n nhimg nhki clang rieng cua cac ca nhan Chung thIrc: thong diep dir lieu hay bAt dr ban ghi nao duce chirng thuc bad mot to chirc nham nhlan la nguei nam gift khOa ()1 mat hay cong khai) Haa sink : la cong nghe thAm dinh cai cho phep pha'n tich va xac dinh cac Mc diem dm nguati nhu ngon tay, v'Ong mac, am thanh, ac diem khuon mat va khu6n ban tay Co quan chirng thtyc (certification authority): la ben thir ba duc lAp dang tin c4y se cung cap va quan 1S, cac chirng thuc ve an toan va cac kb:5a cong khai cho viec ma hoa th6ng diep M4t ma: la cac ky to dugc ket not vori nharn ma hoa mot thong diep Thong dieP dfr lieu: la th8ng tin dugc tao ra, giri, nha'ri va luu tit bang cac phucmg tien dien dr 141 SO hoa (digitalization): la cac so dugc ghep voi voi (10 dai co dinh nhim rift gon nOi dung dm th8ng diep thong qua ham bam Chic 147 so (digital signature): la mot loaf chit ky dien tir co sir dung cac so va phuong thirc ma h6a Chit ky digli tir (electric signature): la N thOng nhan dung ca nhan bao gOm chit 14 so, ma so nhan dung ca nhan (PIN), mat khAu, ma the thong minh, cac than clang sinh hoc Ma h6a (cryptography): la hinh thirc sir dung cac thuat town va chia kh6a de ma h6a thong diep truac giri va giai ma thong diep nhan duce Ham bam (hash function): la thuat town de rut gon cac thong diep cac so co dO dai co dinh Tinh toan vgn (Integrity): dam bao dit lieu la khong bi thay doi Killing the phfi nh4n( Non-repudation): khong th6 chOi b6 giao dich Nguai nom gift chfr 14 (Signature holder): la ngtthi da khai tao cha 14 c6 cac thong diep dir lieu hay dai dien cua ngutri 14 142 ... doan (1997 -20 00): Dat hang ft -km tuy6n B2B; - Giai doan (20 00 -20 01): San giao dich dien tir B2B, B2G; - Giai doan (20 01 -20 02) : Quan tri ngu6n hrc doanh nghiep (ERP); - Giai dog'' (20 02 - nay):... B2B toL cau nam 20 08 dat khoang 10.000 t''S, USD TS, le phan tram giao dich B2B dIra tren Internet tong gia tri giao dich thucmg mai B2B khong qua Internet tang tir 0 ,2% nam 1997 len 2, 1% nam 20 00... nhirng 1S, sau: Dieu 21 LuSt giao dich dien tir (Viet Nam), 20 05 Dieu 4, khoan 3, Lust Giao dich dien tir (Viet Nam), 20 05 Dieu 3, muc 11, Nghi dinh 26 /20 07/ND-CP, 15 /2/ 2007 ye Chit ks, so &