Luyện âm tiếng Anh = Sounds English : A pronunciation practice book / J. D. O''Connor, Clare Fletcher; Nguyễn Thành Yến d.

Luyen amtieng Ann

J D O’ Connor - Clare FletcherNGUYEN

Dich vd chu gidi

THANH YEN

gSn hingrdMinh

NHA XUAT BAN THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

Luyen am tiefig Anh

PRACTICE •

Dich va chu giai:

NGUYEN THANH Y^N

THEj VEEN

Lcfi gitii thieu

Tieng Anh thiltingdituc choIdngon ngit” viet mpt dtiting, doc motned'vd Unitingkhong cd qui luat rapvan.Vipc phdtdm chuan tieng Anh doihoi ngittiinoi phdt radituc cdc dm dun chinh xdccpngthemdd'u trongdm vdngit dipu trong mpt tit,cum tit

vd can.

gipng Anh chuanmite Moi baihpc mddan bling vipc hiypntap chuyen sanvao vipc

nghe vd noi cdc dm cu the, sau do tiendanden luypn dmtrong cdc tinh huong thitc te

kern theo cd dantrpngdm,ngit dieu vddmthanh that.

sitdung tren Itip vtii sithitting danciia gidovien hodc lam tai lipa tit hoc cho hocviencan trait doi each phdt dmtieng Anh >

Cac dac diem chinh cua tap giao trinh Sounds English :

• Moibai hoc taptriing vao haihodcba dm vdthem mpt so bai ddc bipt chu trong

den cdc chiim phudm (Consonant clusters), vipc noi dm giita cdc tit (linkingofwords) vd dang yen ciia nhitngtit khong cotrpngdm (weak forms ofunstressed

• Khungchitviet chi chobiet cdc dm d6 ditac the hipn dittii dang chit viet the nao.

• Phan ngit dipu (Intonation)gidi thich cdc manngit dipu chinh trong tieng Anhtrich tit cdc man doi thoqivita hpc.

• Bien do ngonngit ddc bipt gom15tint tiengniinh hoacdc doichieudm tieng

Anhkhdchongittiinoi tinttieng khde de giiipngittii hoctitvqch ra each ren luypnvd cdc baitap can tap trung sau.

•Phan "Introduction for Independent Students"vd "Introductory Unit" ddnh cho

ngittii tit hpc.•.Day lataptai lipu hay, bo ich thiet thitc chongitoi hpc tiengAnh moi trinh dpvida ditpc tdcgid banngit bien soqn cong phu khi ket hptpdm vtii ph an luypn can vd cdc

baido'ithoqi niang npidung phongphu vdsite tich.

Xin tran trpng gidi thipu ciing dpc gid.

NGUYEN THANH YEN

Contents Page

Sound list - showing whicb units provide practice in each sound 15Language chart showing relevant units and tasks for speakers of particular languages 16

Intonation list - showing the intonation patterns practised, and the units and tasks in > 19

which they appear

13 M voice ZfZ five ZpZ pen A* ’ * > > • • • » 70

15 ZnZ no, pin Zr/ • thing ZmZ me, thumb 79

19 Consonant clusters 1 - beginning of words "

9420 Consonant clusters 2 - end and middle of words 9821 Linking of W’ords ' ’.4 ■ * i •- * 102 •

Introduction for independent students

-'i -!i : • » ’’ ‘

If you are working on your own to improve your English pronunciation, this introduction

and the Introductory Unit on pages 22-27 are especially for you Study these first, to helpyou make the best use of this book and cassette.

IMPROVING YOUR ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

This book provides practice in hearing and saying the sounds of English If you want to havea good pronunciation of English, you need to be able to make all the sound constrasts used

in English You must be able to distinguish 'light' from 'right', 'fit' from 'feet', 'right' from• 'ride', etc, both in listening and speaking The number of contrasts is different in different

languages; some English sounds will be similar to those in your language, but some will be

example, that the ZGZ sound in 'thin' is difficult for you, you can easily find the pages which

If you are not sure which English contrasts you need to practise, look at the’ Language

chart on pages 16-18 This will tell you, for various languages, which contrasts are difficult,

And the units and tasks in the book which will help with these contrasts .

By using the Sound list and Language chart, plan a pronunciation programme foryourself.You should study the Introductory Unit first because it shows you how the other units are

organised After that, begin with any of the units you have chosen for your programme.

Units based on a sound contrast

languages have different sets of sounds : they need different boxes And you need to listen

carefully and repeatedly to English sounds to develop the right sound 'boxes' for English.

Sounds English - 5

After listenings you must practise saying the words containing the sounds.

The unit then provides practice ofeach sound in context, in a short passage, conversationor reading text, followed by similar practice containing two (or sometimes three or four)sounds The conversations and texts are all recorded, so you can listen to English speakers

Many of the texts are followed by exercises Learners of English often find that they cansay difficult sound correctly when they are thinking about how to say it, but when theyhave to think about grammar and vocabulary and the meaning of what they want to say,they go back to the old incorrect way The exercises help to overcome this problem Youhave to answer questions, or make your own conversations, thinking about what to say, as

well as how to say it.

the common and less common ways of spelling each sound

in that unit and looks like this :

Common ways of spelling the sound /ea/ :

ALL means that all words with this spelling are

pronounced with this sound.

MANY means that many words with this spelling are

pronounced with this sound, but some are not (Otherheadings are MOST and SOME.) The headings help you

work out the likely pronunciation of a new word ' ' •'■ * '• ■

Exceptions- useful words with unusual spellings.

SPELLING/ea/ there

Common :

ALL air chair

MANY are careary Mary

Stress and intonation

As well as the sounds of English, the stress and intonation are important Some words and

syllables are pronounced more strongly than others : they are stressed. The voice rises andfalls as we speak, and the tune of the voice helps to show what we mean: this is 'intonation'.Each unit contains some stress or intonation practice : in that part of the unit, stressed syllables

are shown in bold type.

On pages 19-21 there is a list of the intonation patterns practised in the book This gives

a brief explanation of each one, and a list of the units and tasks in the book in which theyare to be found So if you want, for example, to practise question tags, you can easily find

all the tasks in which they occur.Timing of pronunciation work

The best way to work on pronunciation is 'little and often' It is better to spend fifteen minutesevery day than two hours once a week It is not necessary to practise one whole unit at atime Each unit is made up of several tasks and you can do one or two tasks at a time A

whole unit will take about one hour.

How to make the sounds of English

This is a practice book, and does not tell you how the sounds are made If you want to

find out more about how to pronounce English, read BetterEnglish Pronunciation by J.D.

f <

Sounds English - 7

Introduction for teachers

This book aims to help students to improve their pronunciation of English It is based on

four principles.

Every language is composed of limited number of sounds which a native speaker can

distinguish without difficulty But languages differin the number and nature of these sounds.If a contrast between two sounds does not exist in one's own language, it can be difficult todistinguish between them in another language The Japanese beginner, for example does nothave the contrast which makes the difference /I, r/ or /b, v/ so obvious for a native Englishspeaker Consequently 'I love you' may become 'I rub you' -

■ ■ • •• ■•’ l" ■- ■ ’ * ’ ■ i • '' ••

2 The importance of listening

The key to the development of the essential contrasts is concentrated listening A baby whois bom deaf cannot hear the speech of others and may, in the worst case, remain completely

mute Similarly, students who cannot hear a particular English contrast have no chance ofreproducing it Until Japanese students can hear the contrast between 'light' and 'right', or

Spanish students between 1^031' and 'vote', they have no chance of making the difference.

This book provides listening material to help students master contrasts that are difficult

for them Students must be encouraged to listen carefully, and to listen a good deal Time

spent on listening is never wasted.

3 The importance of concentrated practice

New speech habits require a great deal of practice The performance of a new contrast, onceit can be heard, involves a new orientation ofthe motor control centre in the brain to produce

unfamiliar muscular movements The first stage must be to concentrate on minimally differentpairs of words exhibiting the contrast, so thatthe student is not distracted by other difficulties.

At Ulis stage, any contrast which the student can produce, and which an English speakercan recognise, is adequate The sounds may not be exactly what a native speaker wouldproduce, but fine tuning of the actual sounds can be done gradually.

It is not enough for the students to produce the contrast satisfactorily once or twice orthree times They must be brought to the point where, at any rate in classroom conditions,they can do it every time, so that, for example, French speakers always say 'air' when theymean 'air',and 'hair' when they mean 'hair', and not viceversa This calls for diligent practice.

4 The importance of the transition from controlled practice to free speech

It is a familiar situation that students can produce sound correctly in a class, when they

are concentrating on it exclusively, but revert to their previous, faulty, pronunciation at other

times when they have to cope with grammar and vocabulary and the general shaping ofwhat they want to say Each unit therefore provides gradually freer exercises, still with manyexamples of the relevant sounds, where students have to maintain their production gains inface of other demands.

PLANNING A PRONUNCIATION PROGRAMME • t Thesounds which will be difficult for your students are thosewhich are not present in theirown language Speakers of Spanish, for example, will have different needs from speakers of

Japanese After Unit 1, you can start work on any unit, and there are two features of the

book which will help you to select the units most useful for your students.

/ Sound list

On page 15 is a list of all the sounds of English, with a complete schedule of all the unitsin which each sound is practised If you know that your students need practice in, e.g., /0,<V, this list will show you all the units where these sounds can be found English spelling isnotoriously difficult for foreign learners : e.g 'thin' and 'then' have different initial soundsbut no difference in the spelling, so we have provided a phonetic symbol plus key word

for each sound Use of the book does not depend on the student, or teacher, knowing thephonetic symbols, and how far you make use of them in your lessons is entirely up to you.(Studentswhoare familiar with thephonetic alphabet willbe able to look up the pronunciation

ofwords inthe currenteditions of all the major ELTdictionaries, which use the same symbols

2 Languagechart’ ? ! *

The table on pages 16-18 showswhich units and tasks are most useful for a number ofdifferentlanguages This will help you to concentrate on the relevant units In some cases not all thetasks in a particular unit are necessary, e.g in German and Cantonese, /t, d/ are difficult

only in final position in the word, so we have indicated which tasks are relevant.

By using these lists you can plan pronunciation programme for your particular students.

This is a practice book, and does not explain how to make the sounds You will find a clear

description of how’ the sounds are made, and advice for producing them, in Better English

Pronunciation by J D O'Connor .

Stress and intonation • '

The arrangement of the book is based on the sounds of English How’ever, within each unit

there is also some practice of an aspect of stress or intonation which appears in the materialof the unit Stress and intonation are thus practised in context.

A list of the intonation patterns used is given on pages 19-21, together with the units and

tasks in which they are to be found So if you want, for example, to practise question tags,you can easily find all the tasks in which they occur.

Timing of pronunciation work

The best way to work on pronunciation is 'little and often' Each unit is made up of several

self-contained tasks Ten or fifteen minutes could be spent at the beginning or end of eachlesson, working on one task each time A whole unit will take about one hour.

Which English pronunciation ?

Thecassetteswhich accompany thisbookuse what isoftenreferred toasReceived Pronunciation

(RP for short) - the pronunciation of educated native speakers in the south-east of England.Which form of English pronunciation students use will depend on where they are In an area

Sounds English - 9

where a variety of English is spoken with a different accent, that would normally be themodel students would acquire Insome English accents, for example, including most Americanaccents, /r/ is pronounced in words like 'bird', and students would use that form in their

own speech In any case, students can be reassured that accents of English have far more

similarities than differences •» >

-OUTLINE OF THE UNITS

Unit 1 - Introductory Unit

The Introductory Unit consists of a typical unit, with a commentary explaining the exercises

and giving suggestions for using them This is especially necessary for students working

alone, but you might also find it useful to work through it with a class The sound contrastinvolved is /i, eJ, and students needing to work on that contrast should certainly work on

Units based on a sound contrast >

Units containing two sounds

Each unit begins with listening practice to help students learn to hear the difference between

two sounds (This includes the contrast between 'h' and 'no-h', as in 'heat' and 'eat'.) Alsoat this stage (Task 1), students practise producing the sounds in individual words The unitthen provides practice of each sound in context, followed by material containing both soundsin context The students' production moves from repetition and drilling, to freer speech in

which the student has to decide what to say, within a framework which ensures a plentifuloccurrence of the sounds t ing practised.

Units containing three sounds

These follow a similar progression to two-sound units Any individual speaker will usuallyneed to concentrate on two of the three sounds In Unit 14 /b, v, w/ for example, Spanish

speakers will concentrate on the difference between /b/ and /v/ (Tasks 1, 2, 4 and 5), while

German and Indian students will concentrate on M and Av/ (Tasks 1, 3, 4 and 5) Combining

three sounds in this way provides more practice material for more people in the spaceavailable.

Units containing four sounds

The three units dealing with 'th' each contain four sounds The pair of voiceless and voicedsounds Z8/ and /d/ are contrasted in turn with Zs, z/ (Unit 16), Zt, d/ (Unit 17), and Zf, v/ (Unit

Other units < * " • ’* "

Unit 32 Zai,ai, auZ

These diphthongs are included for completeness Distinguishing them is not a problem formost learners There is therefore no task contrasting the sounds Instead the unit concentrateson using them in context.

Unit 22a(gain)

This unit provides practice in perceiving and producing the sound/a/ in unstressed syllablesand weak forms of words.

Units 19 and 20 Consonant clusters

These units provide practice in producing various clusters of consonants/ at the beginning of

words in Unit 19, and in the middle and at the end of words in Unit 20.

Unit 21 Linking ofwords

This unit practises the smooth linking of words beginning with a vowel to the precedingword.

HOW TO USE THE MATERIALFocussing on contrasting sounds

In Units 1-18 and 23-31, the first task is to distinguish between the contrasted sounds In

1.1, students listen to minimal pairs - pairs of words which are identical* } except for the

sounds contrasted : e.g 'sec/she','sell/sheir.

In 1.2, they hear one word from a pair, and have to identify which word it is If studentscannot do this at first, leave it until they have had further listening practice The correct

words are given in the Key.

1.3 contains minimal pairs in the context of a sentence.

In 1.2 and 1.3, the instructions in the book tell students to write down the word theyhear In a class, you might instead ask students to s/icw which sound they hear, so that youcan see at once how they arc doing They can do this by putting up their left hand for sound

1 and their right hand for sound 2, or, with two cards of different colours, holding up onecolour for sound 1 and the other for sound 2.

Further practice in identifying sounds can be given in two ways Ofcourse, you can playtasks 1.2 and 1.3 several times, but after a time tine order of words becomes familiar, and the

listener can remember which word comes next, without recognising the sound To get round

this, wind the tape on a little way, and play a word or sentence at random Wind back adforward to pick out words in a different order Thus, you might play d) a) f) h) b) e) g) You

can still use the key to check the word on the tape In Unis way, you can practise as often asneeded.

Alternatively, a teacher can say words or sentences for a class.

The words and sentences in Task 1 should also be used for practice in saying the twosounds Students can repeat them after the voice on tape, or read them from the book Thena student can say a word or sentence which the teacherand the rest of the classmust identify’.

Make sure students understand that Uie sentences in the book, e.g.

I'm waiting for the bill / bell.represent two separate sentences :

I'm waiting for the bill.

(*) All the pairs in the book are minimal pairs in RP In a fewcases,someaccentsofEnglishpronounceothersounds

in the word differently, e.g.in accentswhich pronounce /r/wherever it occurs, pairs such as‘stock/stalk’, 'not/noughf

are minimal pairs, but 'pot/port*is not, since aswell as adifferent vowel quality, the second word hasan /r/sound Ifsuchanaccent is prevalent where you are teaching, skip over the pairsthatdon't work,and concentrateon the majority that do.

Sounds English - 11

• I'm waiting for the bell.

The vocabulary in the minimal pairs may occasionally include an unfamiliar word Forpronunciation purposes, it doesn't matter if the word is not known However, students

naturally want to understand what they are hearing and saying Use your discretion as tohow often and when to explain vocabulary.

* > I•’ ••—* • • ’ ’ -’ ■a ’

Presentation and practice of texts / conversations

Stage 1 : Three methods are suggested, which can be used to vary the approach.

Method A: Play the complete text / conversation; students listen, with books open or

MethodB; Play the text / conversation; students listen and underline^ the words

containing the sound being practised Stop the tape as necessary to give students time

to do this For texts / conversations with more than one sound, you can play the tape

more than once, or concentrate on one sound in the first half, and the other in the

Method C : Ask students to look at the text / conversation and underline^} the wordscontaining the sound (This is easier for sounds with regular spelling e.g /p, b/; for

others, use Method A or B instead) r

Stage 2 : Students listen and repeat, phrase by phrase (With longer conversations, you may

want to limit this repetition to part of the conversation Occasionally, you may want to

skip this stage altogether.)

Stage 3 : Students practise the text / conversation Divide students into pairs to practiseconversations For continuous texts, too, students can usefully work with a partner,listening and helping each other While the class is working, the teacher can go round

listening and helping students, and noticing which students have mastered the sounds

Exploitation of the ext I conversation

Many of the texts are followed byexercises Here, the students move beyond reproducing

a text / conversation from the book They have to answer questions, or make their ownconversations, or discuss with others So they have to think what to say - but still make thesounds correctly Some of the exercises require students to work together :

n Ifstudents are working from class textbooks,theyshouldwrite the wordsin their own notebooks.Also, where there

are charts ortexts to be completed, studentsshouldfirst copy theminto theirownnotebooks.

© Example from Unit 3

4.1 How much do you enjoy the things in the chart below

-1 very much ? 2 not much ? 3 not at all ?Fill in the chart for yourself, then ask three other people.

playing chesswatching TVwashing up ’

going to a football match

cooking chipseating chips

lying in the sunshine

» ' •

J *

Now tell the rest of the class what you found.

e.g Maria doesn't like watching TV much Jean and David like watching TV, but they

don't like washing up.

In the final stage, a few students can report to the whole class, or students can report their

findings to a group within the class - which would give more people chance to speak.Some exercises ask students to make a number of conversations following a model in the •book, with slightly different content each time It may be helpful to get students to underlinein the printed conversation the parts to be changed each time Alternatively the teacher can

write up the framework on the board Encourage partners to exchange roles in the secondand subsequent versions (Exercises marked with the symbol ** have one side of theconversation recorded on the cassette; this is primarily intended for independent students

The symbols © and © indicate pairwork and groupwork.

Some exercises involve tasks which can be done by an individual, e.g.

Below are some events from a story With a partner, decide the right order Tell the

story ‘ ‘

It would be possible for individuals in silence to number the events in the likely order.

However, since the aim is to practise pronunciation, students should be encouraged to talk

about it Here too, it is useful for students to work with a partner or in a small group Thereshould be a busy hum in the classroom.

The teacher's role at this point in the lesson is to arrange the studentsinto pairs or groups,

and to monitortheirwork Students will be concentrating on what they are saying; if necessary,remind them how to say it - or make note of points to practise afterwards.

Spelling - ' '

All the vowel units and some of the consonant units (Units 2-6) have a Spelling box.

Consonant sounds whose spelling is fairly straightforward do not have a Spelling box TheSpelling box shows the main ways in which a particular sound can be spelt.

Sounds English - 13

The heading Common means that this is a common way of

spelling that sound Some commonly occurring words haveunusual spellings, e.g 'people' Such words are included ’as

Exceptions. Unusual words with unusual spellings are omitted.

ALL means that all words with this spelling arc pronounced

with this sound MANY means that many words with this

spelling are pronounced with this sound, but some are not.Other headings are MOST and SOME This helps students work

out the likelihood of a particular pronunciation for a new word

which they have read (There are useful rules for working outpronunciation from spelling in Teaching English Pronunciation

by Joanne Kenworthy, Chapter 5.4.)

Individual sounds

/I/ Work on /!/ in Units 11, 12 and 19 concentrates on /!/ before vowels, e.g 'light','follow', 'play' A recognisable /!/ sound is essential here for intelligibility.

There is no specific work on words such as 'ball', where the /I/ is at the end of the

word, or 'salt', where it precedes a consonant Thecorrect formation of /I/ here is lesscrucial.If students produce a vowel-like sound similar to AV, this is intelligible (and indeed is being

used by an increasing number of English speakers) For most students who have difficulty

with /!/, there are more pressing pronunciation needs than work on final /!/.

/r/ Units 11, 12 and 19 concentrate on /r/ before vowels, e.g 'red', 'marry', 'fresh'

-positions in which it is pronounced in all accents of English In RP, it is not pronouncedbefore consonants, or at the end of a word, e.g 'bird', 'car' Some accents of English do

pronounce /r/ in these positions (most American accents do) It is therefore not a high priority

to slopstudents saying /r/ in these positions; if they pronounce /r/ in words like 'bird' and

'car' it will not hinder intelligibility However, it may contribute to a marked foreign accent,particularly if the /r/ is strongly retroflex or rolled So, some students may need practice in

not saying /r/ in words like T>ird' and 'car' Units 29 and 31 contain plenty of suitablematerial.

/m/ Unit 15 Students do not usually have difficulty distinguishing /m/ from othersounds, so there is no listening practice for /m/ But some students do have difficulty saying

/m/, especially at the ends of words, so there is a task on this (Task 2).

Better English Pronunciation by J D O'Connor, Cambridge University Press

Teaching English Pronunciation by Joanne Kenworthy, Longman.SPELLING

/ea/ there

Common :

ALL air chair

MANY are care ary Mary

This chart shows which units, and which tasks within units, are useful forspeakersof particular

languages The word 'all' under a unit heading shows that all the tasks in that unit are useful;numbers under a unit heading refer to the tasks which are relevant.

4 5

all 3 all all all

• all all all all

all all all all

6 7

all 1 23

- ■ '

-1 34 5

4 51

6 7

I 4 all all

Japanese 1 2 45 6

* _ • 1 23 5

all all all

Spanish all all all all all all all

• all all all all all

Arabic all all all all all -all 1 2

Slavonic languages all all all all all all 1 24

N Indian

all all all all all all

Intonation list

For each intonation pattern practised in the book, there is a brief explanation, and a list ofthe units and tasks in the book in which it is to be found.

Stress on important words

Stressed words convey most of the information Stressed syllables occur at regular intervals,with unstressed syllables fitting in between Stress and intonation are closely linked.

Unit 7 /h/ Task 3.4 page 50

Unit 9 /t, d/ Task 3 page 56

Fall on complete, definite statement

The most common intonation pattern in English It occurs in context throughout, and is

focussed upon in the following units :

Unit 8 /p, b/ Task 2.2 pages 52-53

Unit 27 /ao, a:/Task 2.2 page 123

The voice often falls in questions beginning with 'When, Where, Why, What/ etc.

Unit 7 /IV Tasks 2 and 3.3 pages 48 and 49-50

Unit 10 /k, g/ Task 3 pages 59-60 (mixed with Yes/No questions)Unit 14 /b, v, w/ Task 4 pages 1(>-T7

Unit 25 /a, seZ Task 2 page 117

Unit 29 /3:, aVTask 2 pages 129 - 130 >Unit 31 Zea, ia/ Task pages 138-139

Yes/No questions

The voice usually rises in questions to which the answer is 'Yes' or 'No'.

Unit 6 /s, z/ Task pages 45-47

Unit 10 Zk, g/ Task 3 pages 59-60 (mixed with Wh-questions)

Unit 12 Zl, n, r/ Task 6b page 70

Alternative questions

e.g Docs John come frorrH^iedi^or Mai^hester ?

The speaker mentions two possible answers The voice rises on the first alternative, and fallson the second The two possible answers may be single words, as above, or longer phrases :

e.g Are you going to buy a newjacf^ or repair the^i^ one ?

Unit 5 Zj, dj/ Task 4.2 pages 41-42

Unit Zt, d/ Task 4.1 pages 56-57

Unit 18 /0, f, d, vZ Task 2 pages 90’-91Unit 30 Zei e/ Task 2.2 pages 134-135

Question tags - fallinge.g It's a nice day, isn't it ?

Sounds English - 19

The speaker is certain of what he/she says He/She expects the other person to agree withhim/her The voice falls on the question tag.

Unit 11 /I, r/ Task 4.2 page 65

Unit 32 /ai, oi, au/ Task 2.2 page 141

Unit 16 ZO, s, d, zZ Task 5.2 page 86 (with rising tags)

Question tags - rising

e.g It's Tvu^day today, i^n't it ?

The speaker is not certain He/She is asking for confirmation The voice rises on the question

e.g A: Have we got any postcards ?

b : Pp^fcards Yes, they are in the drawer with the envelopes.Unit 20 Consonant clusters 2 : Task 2 pages 98-99

Unit 28 Zu:, uZTask 3 pages 126-127

2 to query what the other person said, ask for further explanation

e.g a : Every cook should have a computer.

b ; A comjjyfer ?

a : Yes, to keep a record of menus and recipes.

Unit 28 Zu:, c/ Task 4.2 pages 127-128

3 because he/she did not hear or understand or believe what was saide.g a : The new manager is coming tomorrow His name is Sprot.

b: No, it's on the ^fth of December.

Unit 5 Zj.dy Task 2.2 page 40

Unit 15 Zn, g, m/ Task 4 pages 80-81

Unit 16 Z0, s, d, ziTask 3 pages 84-85

Unit 20 Consonant clusters 2 Task 6 page 101

Unit 18 /O, f, S, v/ Task pages 92-93118120

c-8-The voice often falls on 'Yes', which could be a complete answer, and also on 'it was', whichis ’so complete, definite statement The speaker often goes on to give more detailed

answer, also with a fall.

Unit 6 /s, tJTask 4b pages 46-47Unit 12 /I, n, r/ Task 6b page 70

Unit 24 /ae, e/ Task 3.2 page 114

Rise in subordinate clause or non-final phrase, fall in main clausee.g Before I read thisj>pdt:, I thought stress was an executive disuse.

One^d/y, our teacher asked us to write a sti^y.

Unit 13 /v, f, p/ Task 5.2 page 73

Unit 17 /0, t, 6, d/ Task 4 pages 88-89

Statement implying 'but '

The voice falls and rises The fall marks the important information : the rise implies that

though the speaker may have made a positive statement, he/sheis going to qualify it Hc/She

may actually say Tjut ' or may simply imply it.

e.g A: Did you have a good holiday ?

B: The whnther was very good, (but everything else was awful).somej^zas, and some pitches.

2 The voice falls and rises on the incorrect information, then falls on thecorrect information,

to emphasise it.

e.g Her birthday isn't the\?nth of Do^mber It's the fth.

Unit 30 /ei, e/ Task 2.1 page 133

The voice rises on each item of the list, until the final one, where it falls.

e.g She bought somejjpkffocs,Unit 2 Zs, J/ Task 3c page 29

Unit 25 /a, ae/ Task 4.2 pageUnit 26 /o, o:/ Task 2b page

Polite rise

Because a rise sounds less definite than a fall, it can be used to sound polite, especially when

beginning a conversation It is common when answering the phone.

e.g 'Cavendish Manufacturing^x^mpany.' ,

Unit 3 /f, tJ7 Task 4.2 page 34 - •Unit 20 Consonant clusters 2 Task 3 pages 99-100

Unit 24/ae, e/Task 2 page 113 ’Yes/No short answers

Sounds English - 21

UNIT 1 Introductory unit

TASK 1 Distinguish between zi/ and /e/

1.1 Listen, and practise the difference.

pig /pig/ con heohid /hid/ (qu<S khuf

cua hide) Iron, napfill /fil/ Idm day

middle /midi/ d gitfa

chick /tjik/ g^ conmiss /mis/ nhd nhungpit /pit/ ham, ho

lift /lift/ nang, nhac lensit /sit/ ngdi

trong nha

left /left/ ben tr3iset /set/ (m$t Iren) l$nlead /led/ chi

1.2 Listen to the words on the cassette.Write the words you hear.

i ('short i ) if film,his

e in verb endingsand

plurals: started, dances

1.3 Listen to the sentences on the cassette For each one, write the word you hear.

1 I'm waiting for the bill / bell.2 Whose pin / pen is that ?3 He had tin I ten boxes.

4 She gave me a chick / cheque.

5 The lid / lead has been stolen.

6 The hidden will / well was discovered.

1 Toi dang chd hoa dan / chudng.2 Kia Id c^i kep / c5y viet cua ai ?

3 Anh ay co nhung hqp thiec /mUdi cai hop.4 Bd ay cho tdi mpt con ga con/ td sec (ngan

5 C3i n5p / rupt but (viet) chi da bj mat c^p.

6 Td di chtic / c<1i gieng bj che giau da (lilackham ph£.

TASK 2 Say /i/

E3 2a Listen, and practise

TASK 1

This week's interview • TimFitzwilliam

Ourvisitor this evening is the film director, Tim

Fitzwilliam, this year'swinnerof the'Silver Wings'

film prize Hisprize-winning film. Dinnerat the Ritz,

is set in India Tim livedinIndiatill he was sixteen,and still visits Indiafrequently The fifth son of an

Irish fatherand an Indian mother,he is an Irishcitizen, but livesin England.

1.1 Listen tothe pairs ofwordsin1.1 as often as you needto Ifyou cannothearthedifference,

listen again, another day.Concentratehard, and listen again and again, untilyou begin to hear

the difference When you can hear thesound contrast clearly, practise saying the words.

1.2 Onthecassette, youhear one wordfrom the pairs of words in 1.1 You haveto identify which

wordit is The correct words are givenin the Key If you cannotdo1.2, at first, leaveit untilyouhave had furtherlistening practice.

If you wantfurtherpracticein identifying sounds, you may wantto useTask1.2more than

once If you just playit several times,you begin to remember which word comes next, without

recognising the sound.To avoid this, windthe tapeon alittle way, and play a word orsentence

at random Wind backor forward to pickout wordsin a differentorder You might play, d)a) f)h)b) e) g) You canstilluse the key to check the word onthetape.

1.3 Here,you have to identify a word in the context ofa sentence Afterwardsyoucan practise saying

-I’m waiting for thebill.I’m waiting for thebell.

Occasionally, there may be a wordyou do not know Forpronunciation practice, itdoesn’t matter

if you don’t know theword; of course you can look itup afterwards tofindout itsmeaning.

TASK 2

2a This text has lots of words withthe /i/ sound Listen to the textfirst Youcan do thiswiththe

bookopen or closed, as youwish.You will find it helpful sometimes tolisten and underlinewords

containing the sound youarepractising Another approach whichyou coulduse sometimes is to

read the text silently, and underlineall the wordswith /iA Then listentoit, and noticethese

When you have listened tothe text, practise saying it yourself.You can listen and repeat,

phrase by phrase Then practiseituntilit is asgood as you can make it If you can, record it,

and listencarefully toyourself.

2b Listen to these sentences with risingquestion tags.The speaker isn't sure He's askingthe other person to confirm.

Tim Fitzwilliam isn't English, fa he ? , He won the Silver Wings f^m prize, (jfdn't he ?

-© Now ask and answer these questions.

He isn't a film actor, is he ? Ong ay kh6ng phai Id dien vien di?n anh, phaikhong ?

Sounds English - 23

He came to England whenhe was sixteen,didn't he ?

His film is called Dinner atthe Ritz, isn'tit

The film isn't set in England, is it ?

Fitzwilliam isn't an English name, is it

He isn't a British citizen, is he ?

Ong ay den xtf Anh khi ong 5y mudi sau tuoi,

phai khdng ?

Bq phim cua ong ay cd tdn IA Dinner al the

Rilz, phai khong ?

Bq phim khong ddQc di/ng d xur Anh, phaikhdng ?

Fitzwilliam khdng phai Id ten Anh, ph ai khong ?

Ong 5y khdng phdi Id cong dan Anh, phai

TASK 3 Say /e/

Personality Test ’

How often do you do the things in the chart below

-1 everytime ? 2 often ? 3 sometimes ? 4 not very often ? 5 never ?Fill in the chart for yourself, then ask three other people.

Now tell the rest of the class what you found.

e.g Giovanni has a very good memory He remembers his friends' birthdays every

time Yuko can'tremember the endings ofbooksshe hasread, but she can rememberwhat she had for breakfast yesterday, because she has a boiled egg every day !

remember your friends' birthdays

remember the endings of books you have

2bThis is an exercise in intonation - the’tune’ ofthe voice.The arrowsshowwhere the voicefalls

and rises.In thiscase,the voice rises onthe question tag Listen carefully,and try to produceexactly the sameintonation Stressed syllables are shown inboldtype.Trytomake themsound

stronger andlouder than thesyllablesaroundthem.

Practisethe questions in the book, with good intonation,andstrong stressed syllables.You

might find it helpful to mark thestressedsyllables,and to draw arrowsto remindyou wherethevoicefallsand rises Answer the questions, using informationfromthe text If you are workingon your own,you can answeryourown questions.

If you look under Question tags-rising in the Intonation list on page 20, you can find more

TASK 3

Tins task practises the sound Id Ifyou wish, you canunderline the words with Idbefore you

This is an example of an exercise which tells youto ask otherpeople questions Students

working inaclass can do that If you are by yourself, youcan’t askother people.But don’t worry.The exercise isstill useful foryou Ask yourself thequestions, and answer them.Then practise

saying something about yourself.

e.g I think I’vegot quite a good memory - except thatI can never remember telephone numbers.My stress level isn’t very high; I sleepwell,and don’t get depressed Ivery seldomwrite

letters, because Iseeseveral of myrelatives every day Iwouldn’t mind lending money,butI haven’t got any moneyto lend.

Similarly, if there is an exercise with a topic for discussion, you cansay what you think.

Asyousee,in many exercises youdon’t just repeat what you have heard You may have to

answerquestions,or make yourown conversation,or express your own ideas.So you have to

think what to say-but still make the sounds correctly ! It may behelpfultorecordyourself,

andlisten to the soundsyou made Then say itagain,andtryto make it evenbetter.

TASK 4 Say /i/ and /e/

E-°J 4.1 Listen, and say these phrases.

English weather /iqli/’weda/ thdi tiet d

4.2a Listen, and practise this conversation.

A : Where were you on Wednesday? Itelephoned, but you weren't in.

B : I went to Wimbledon, to watch the

tennis competition.

A : Did you enjoy yourself

B : Yes, I did The weather wasn't very

good, but the tennis was thrilling.

red scissors /red ’zisaz/ cai keo mau dohealthy living /,he!0i ’livig/ cuyc song

lAnh manh

expensive gifts /ik’spensiv gifts/ nhflngmdn quA tang dAt lien

excellent singing /.ekselant 'siqir/

A : Hom thfl tfl roi chj 0 dau ? Toi gpi di<?n

nhflng chi khong co nha.

B : Toi di Wimbledon xem dau quan vflt.

A : Chj thfch chtf ?

B : Thich Idm.Thdi tiet khong dflflc tot lAmnhflng Iran dau thl hAo hufng.

Sounds English - 25

made me feelhealthy.

thebest film I've ever seen.terrible 1

too heavy, and very expensive.

swimmingto the cinema

to anEnglishlessonto buy a leather coat

FURTHER PRACTICE

/i/ Unit 23:3, 4 pages 111-112 /e/ Unit 24:3, 4 pages 114-115; Unit 30:3 page 135

Listen to thequestions, and notice the intonation Thenask and answer the questions.

1 Where did B ? When did she g\j there ?

Did B enj^ry herself ?

Did A go to Wimbledon as w$Al ?Did A wrjtle to B or t^ephone her ?

What do they play at Wimbledon - t^mis or fohjball ?

told a friend about his conversation with B He got some of the information

wrong Listen, and repeat what he said Then say each thing correctly.B went to Wimbledon on Tuesday.

Wimbledon is a football competition.B had a terrible day.

The weather was excellent.

Make similar conversations, using the points below.

Wednesday Avenzdi/ (»i) thtf tit tennis competition /.tenis kompa'ttfn/

telephone /‘tehfaun/ (v) Oi)

Wimbledon Avimbldn/ (prop. it) enjoy /in’djoi/ (v)

thrilling /Onluy (adj)

4.2a Listen and practise, following the advice for Task 2.

The short conversation in 4.2a is followed up bythree exercises These show youthree importanttypes of exercise whichare often used in other units Where oneexerciseis based on a previousone, ithasthe same number So 4.2b,4.2c and 4.2d are allbased on 4.2a.

4.2b Making similar conversations.

Thesymbol *• means that oneside of the conversationis recorded on the cassette : you can say

the other side of the conversation, using the pointsgiven in thebook You can rewind and play

it several times, to make several different conversations.

In other cases, you can sayboth sides ofthe conversationyourself You mayfind it helpfulto underline the part of the conversation which will change each time.

4.2c Askingand answering questions.

If the exerciseismarked **,the questions are on tape, foryouto answer Otherwise,youshouldask and answerthe questions Exercises usually concentrate on one form ofquestion, and show

the intonation required In the Intonation list on page19, there are brief explanations and

examples of the question forms practised.4.2d Correctingwrong information.

This gives you more practice in sayingthesounds Intonation is importanthere; the voice fallsto emphasise the correct information.

(B went to Wimbledon on Tuesday.) Bwent to Wimbledonon Wednesday.(Wimbledon is a football competition.) Wimbledon isa tennis competition.

FURTHER PRACTICE

For further practice of e.g /i/, look at Unit 23 Tasks 3 and 4 on pages 111 and 112.

TASK 1 Distinguish between /s

Cl°3 1.1 Listen, and practise the differe

see /si:/ nhin, thaysell /sei/ bAn

said /sed/ (qua khuf cua say)

save /serv/ cufu, de dAnh

mess /mes/ st/ hon dpn

Paris /’prens/ ten thu do PhApass /aes/ con Ida, ngtrdi ngufist /fist/ cAi nAm lay

/ and /J7

she /Ji:/ cd, bA Ayshell /Jel/ vd so

shed /fed/ chuong, nhA kho

shave /Jerv/ caomesh /meJ7 tarn ludi,

mAc Itfdi

parish /’paenj/ xti d$o

ash /aejZ tro, byi

fished /fijl/ (quA khur cua

fish) cau cA

sock /sok/ chiec vd ng Ansaw /so:/ qua khur cua see ;

cAi ci/a

sew /sau/ may vA

Sue /su7 (ten rieng)sort /so:t/ lo<?i

puss /pus/ con mdo

rust /rAst/ rl, sdt

crust /krAst/ vd bAnh ml

shock /Jok/ cu soc

shore /fo:(r)/ bd bi£n

show /Jau/ buoi trinh dien

shoe /Ju:/ chiec giAy

short /Ja:t/ ngAnpush /puJ7 dAy

rushed /taJI/ (qk) vpi,nhanh

crushed /krajt/ (qk) dd nAt

ALLs atthe beginning

of words: see,sideALL ss cross, fussy

SOMEs in the middleofwords:

basic, masonSOME se at the endof

SOME s at theendofwords: bus.gasALL plural and 3rdperson singular safter voicelesssound: cats, writes

/J7 shopSee page 31.

Sounds English - 27

°_2J 1.2 Listen to the words on the cassette Write

1.3 Listen to the sentences on the cassette.

I She's always giving me socks /

6 Could you sign / shine this please

the words you hear.

For each one, write the word you hear.I BA ay ctf hay cho toi vd ngAn gAy cho loi

nhtfng cu soc.

2 Bao tai / cai Un tr<ii day rAc rddi.

3 Ch6 ngoi / tarn trai giddng do do ban.4 Hq dang rAy / chuyen bpt.

5 Chung toi hdp mpt ngqm / chung toi lay

root chiec tAu.

6 Xin anh vui long ky ten / danh bong cai nAy.

SIMPLE SUPPER MENUS : NO 6Celery soup

Sausages and roast potatoesSIMPLE SUPPER MENUS : NO 17Scrambled eggs on toast

Sponge pudding

SIMPLE SUPPER MENUS : NO 76Spaghetti with tomato sauce

Strawberry ice cream

SIMPLE SUPPER MENUS : NO 16Sweetcorn and bacon in ciderRice pudding

© 2.3 Discussion Which menu in 2.2 do you think is :

easiest to make ? healthiest ?

most expensive ? most suitable for children ?

[ SUNSHINE GROCERY STORE

[ish and chips

shoe polish

washing powder

instant mashedpotato

A : Chao ong Chao mifng ong den vdi Hang

Du Ijch Supervacalion Toicd the giup ongchi? ?

B : Vang, toi mong v^y Khong bao lau ndatoi

se di nghl ngSn ngay Toi muon co vAi, thong tin.

A : Da di/tfc Ong thfch loai ky nghi nao ?

B : What exactly happens on a luxury

3a Listen, and read out Sheila's shopping list.

TASK 4 Say /s/ and /JZ

4.1 Listen, and practise this conversation.

A: Good morning Welcome toSupervacation Travel Agency Can

I help you ?

B : Yes, I hope so I'm interested in a

short holiday soon I'd like some

A : Yes, certainly Whatsort ofholidayinterests you ?

B : Somewhere with some sunshine.

A : What about a luxury cruise ?

3c Play the memory game Each person chooses something from the shopping list in

© 3a, and remembers what other people said Notice the intonation of the list.

Example : •,

1ST PERSON: Sheila went shopping and she bought she^t.

2ND person : Sheila went shopping and she bought a shyJit and some st^»ar.

3RD person : Sheila went shopping and she bought a shy&t, some sy^ar, and A

4TH PERSON : / / / \

SEAFOOD RESTAURANT J {[ sHEITIERDS BOOKSHOP J

I SOFT FURNISHING and BEDDING Co !

LSHOR^SHOE SHOP

FASHION for MEN

Sounds English - 29

A : Well, acruise is aholiday on a ship.

The ship itself is very luxurious;

it's like staying in a luxury hotel.The ship sails to various places.

Passengers get off and see thesights.

B : I'm not sure What other holidays

can you suggest

A : Here's a Supervacation brochure Itgives information about lots ofholidays See what suits you best.

Then we'll fix it.

B : Thanks for the information IexpectI’ll see you soon.

A: A, chuydn hAi hAnh IA chuyen nghl mAltrdn tAu Chide tAu th$tsang trong; no giong *

nhif d khAch san sang v$y TAu chay den

nhieu noi khAc nhau HAnh khAch rdi tAu

vA ng Am canh.

B : Toi chtfa chAc chAn Co cd the gidi thifcu

loai ky nghi khAc di.

A: Day IA 10 gidi thiyu cua hangSupervacalion Nd cung cap nhieu thongtin ve cac ky nghl Ong xein loai nAo ihfchhqp nha't cho dng Rdi chung toi se sApxep.

B : CAm On co ve tA't ca thong tin nAy Toi hy

vpng se sdm gAp lai co.

Pronunciation :

welcome /‘welk.vm/ (adj)

Supervacation Travel Agency

/,su:pavei’keijh 'traevl 'eidjansi/ (it)

interested Antristid/ (adj)

interest /intnst/ (v)

information Zmfa'meifn/ (n)

sunshine Z*SAnfain/ (it)

luxury cruise flAk/an kru:z/ (h)

luxurious /lAg'juanas/ (adj)

various /’vearias/ (adj)

Write the words you hear.

A •

TASK 1 Distinguish between /J/ and Ztj7

1.1 Listen, and practise the difference.

ship /ftp/ chide lau chip /tjip/ mau, nhd, khoailay rAn

sherry /Jeri/ ruou sherry,so ri cherry /tjeri/ Irai anh dAoshoes /Ju:z/ giay choose /t[u:z/ chpn It/asheep /Ji:p/ con cUu cheap /tji:p/ re

share /fea(r)/ phan chia chair /tjea(r)/ cai ghe

shops /[ops/ ciira hang chops /tfops/ mieng, I At thjt

washing /’wojii/ si/ giat rufa watching /’wotjir/ si/ xem

cash /ka?J7 lien mAt catch /kaetf/ b£l, tdm I5ymash /maeJ7 nghien, dp match /maetf/ quediem, phoi

wish /wiJ7 mong Ude which, witch /witj/

cai/ngUdi nAo; phu thuy

crush /krAjZ nghien, dd nat crutch /krAtf/ cAi nangdishes /’dijiz/ dia sau ditches Zditjiz/ hAo, ranh

1.2 Listen to the words on the cassette.

1.3 Listen to the sentences on the cassette.

1 Small shops I chops are often

2 The dishes ditches need cleaning.

3 1couldn't mash/ match thesethingsup.

4 She enjoys washing / watching the

For each one, write the word you hear.1 C3c cura hdng I nhtfng mieng thit sudn nhd

thudng dAt tidn.

2 Nhijfng c^i (Jia do / hAo ranh do can duocdon sach.

3 Toi khong thd nAonghien nat / ket hop hetnhtfng thuf nAy.

4 Cd ay thfch l3m / xem bon Ire.

TASK 2 Say /J7

Below are some extracts from advertisements With a partner work out which piecesgo together (Then you can listen to the cassette to check.)

Nang cao hoc van cua ban

vdi thudc d<inh giAy dAc bi?t Bishops

Improve your education

with Bishops special shoe polish

Sounds English - 31

Fee! fresh after your shave

Advertise in Musicians'Weekly

Make your shoes shine

the freshest fish in town

Are you a musician with ambition ?

with the Shorter EnglishDictionary

‘ - new edition

It’s new ! It’s smashing !

use FRESH aftershave lotion

Straight from the ship to the shop

-CRASH - the new instant mashedpotato

Cain lhay tuoi mAt sau khi cao rAu

Quang cao trong tap chi Musicians' Weekly

Hay lAm giAy cua ban sang bong

cA tifoi nhal trong tlnh

Co phai ban IA nhac sT nhieu caovpng khong ?

vdi Id dien ShorterEnglishDictionary an ban

That mdi ! That tuyet vdi I

Hay sur dung thuoc node therm dung sau khi cao

rau hi£u FRESH

ThAng td I Au ra eda

hAng-CRASH - khoai lay nghien mdi dung ngay

Pronunciation :

improve Zim'pru:v/ (v)

education Z.edjo'keiJnZ (11)

Bishop fbijap/ (11)

shoe polish /Ju: ’poliJ7 (11)

advertise Z’aedva’taizZ (v)

Musician Weekly /mjo'zijn ,wi:kli/ (n)

ambition /aem'bifn/ (n)

dictionary /'dikjanan/ (11)

smashing /"sinaejir/ (adj)

aftershave lotion /’azftajeiv 'laojn/ (it)

instant /"instant/ (adj)

mashed /maeJV (adj)

a hot cheese sandwich

phrases Be careful to say ZtJZ (It may help to think of a small

You cheat Ino chance

Don't cheat****

E3 3.3a Listen, and practise the conversation.A : Which flat shall we choose ?

B : Well, the one in Churchill Squarehad a lovely kitchen But the onein Church Street was cheaper.

A: Yes, Church Street was much

cheaper Never mind the kitchen.Let's choose the cheap one !

A : Chung mlnh se chon cSn hq n3o ?

B : A, c3n h$ d Qua ng trddng Churchill cdnh3 bepdep Nhifng c3n hq d ph#Church

rd hdn.

A : Dung, can hd d phd Church rd hdn nhieu.Ddng ban t3m den nh3 bep Chung minhhay chpn c3n rd thoi I

Pronunciation :

choose /tju:z/ (v)

Churchill Square Zt/a:tjil skwea(r)/ (prop,n)

never mind fneva maind/ (v)

'® 3.3b Make similar conversations using the notes below.

HOTELS - inSouth BeachRoad - near the beach

next to the church - cheap

EMPLOYERS - Mr Chandos -charming- Mr Champion- rich

PRESENT FOR ACHILD-watch - teach himto tell the time

-chess set -enjoyable

FLIGHTS -ChannelAirways - more choice- charter company - cheap

TASK 4 Say /J7 and /tj7

4.1 How much do you enjoy the things in the chart below 1 very much ? 2 not much? 3 not at all ?

-Fill in the chart for yourself, then ask three other people.

Now tell the rest of the class what you found.

e.g Maria doesn't like watching TV much Jean and David like watching TV, but theydon't like washing up.

playing chesswatching TVwashing up

going to football matchcooking chips

2-21 4.2a Listen, and practise this conversationrising intonation.

from tlyk shelf, then ?

B: Right I've chosen these.

A; Would you like to pay cash or bycheque

B: Cash, please.

in shop Notice the shop assistant's polite,

A : Toi c6 thd phyc vy 6ng chur ?

B : Di/0c, toi dang tim doi giAy re lien thdi.

A : M5y d6i Iren ke kia deu re.

B : Khong, cAm On co Chung b6ng lAng quA.

A: The thi ong chon mpl doi d kq nAy vay.

B : Di/qc Toi chpn doi nAy.

A : 6ng muon IrA lien mAt hay bAng sdc ?

B : Da, lien mAt.

Pronunciation :

shelf /fell? (n) cash /kaeJZ (n)

shiny /[ami/ (adj) cheque /tfek/ (ii)

© 4.2b Make similar conversations B can choose things from below.

FURTHER PRACTICE

/J7 Unit 2:3, 4 pages 29-30

/tJ7 Unit 4:2, 4, 5 pages 35-36, 37-38

UNIT 4/tJ7 chin

TASK 1 Distinguish between /tJZ and Zdy

Listen, and practise the difference.

chin ZtJinZ cai cAmcheer /tfia(r)/ hoan ho

choke ZtJaukZ ngat thd

chain ZtfemZ day xfch

rich ZntJZ giAu cdsearch Zs3:tJZ lim kiem

H ZeitJZ chtf H

larch Zlo:tJ7 loai thong rung Id

gin ZdjinZ rUtfu ginjeer ZdjiafrJZ che nhao

joke ZdjaukZ chuyen dua,Jane ZdjeinZ (ten rieng)

ridge Zndy ngqn, dinh

surge Zs3:dy trAo, dAng

age ZeidjZ tuoi, thdi dailarge Zla:dy rung, Idn

1.2 Listen to the words on the cassette Write the words you hear.

ZdyjudgeALLj jam, jobALL g before e

general,manage, agent

ALL dge judgeSOME g before i

words ofFrenchorigin

beige, garage

1.3 Listen to the sentences on the cassette For each one, write the word you hear.

1 Look out He's choking / joking.

2 The audience cheered / jeered at herspeech.

3 It's not a little fir tree, it's a larchlarge tree.

4 Whathappened to your chin / gin ?

1 Coi chdng kla HAn dang chet ngat Z dua.2 KhAn gia hoan ho I che nhao bai phat bieu

A : Anh bidt chai cd khong ?

B: Biel, toi rat thich cd Toi IA vd djch chai

cd luc nho.

Sounds English - 35

A : And are you still a champion chess

champion /'tfaempian/ (it) match /maetjZ (n)

jaws,

-moUie/i left a tneMaqc Please Ihuj, a la/iqe callage tuul -Lome onauqe juice.

Pronunciation :chess /tjes/ (n)

3c Below are two more notes With a partner, make up a conversation which took place

before each note was written.

A : VA bAy gid anh van IA lay vd djch chdi cdchtf ?

B : Khdng Mqi vi?c thay doi rdi Trong IrAndAu ky rdi toi thua co bd bAy tudi Tdi nghi

cd Ay IA (ay vd djch chai cd (dang lai.

2b Listen to these sentences with question tags The speaker isn't sure She's asking the

other person to confirm.

You can play ch^s, c^i't you ?

You were a chess chatnpion, weren't you ?B : No, tilings have changed In my last

match I was beaten by a

seven-year-old child I think she's afuture champion !

3b Read the message below, which Janice wrote.

Now say these sentences, adding question tags.You're still a champion chess player,

You were beaten by seven-year-old child,

You think she's a future champion,

•-TASK 3 Say/dy

2J 3a Listen, and practise this conversation.

A : Hello, Janice Jones speaking A : A Id Janice Jones day.

B : Hello, Janice This is John Johnson B : ChAo Janice Toi IA John Johnson Jenny cd

Is Jenny in nhA khong ?

A : No, she's not Can I take a A : Khdng Chj Ay di vAng Tdi nhan tin difdc

Janice Jones Zdjaems djaunz/ (prop, n) message /mesidj/ (n)

John Johnson /djon ’djonsn/ (prop, n) luggage /"lAgidj/ (n)

collect /ka’lekt/ (r)

!) ue judi kcand fiom ffodep/iine £ke can t meet tfon tonufJii, ad avianqed S/t& d kad a cadaccident £ke d not injuAcd, (nd the cad encpeie id damaged.

' Qe/iatd

TASK 4 Say /y

°l 4a Listen, and practise this conversation.A : Did you watch Treasure Island on

Treasure Island ftrejar ,ailand/ (prop,ti)

Leisure Time /'leja taim/ (prop, n)

© 4b Make similar conversations about these television programmes.

*• Measure for Measure fmeja fa 'meja/ Reading for Pleasure /’ri:dig fa ’pleja(r)/

Casualty fkaejualti/

TheColorPurpleand the ColourBeige /da 'kAla pa:pl an da ’kAla beiy

Visionof the Future /’vijn av Sa 'fjutja(r)//y

Listen, and practise this telephone conversation.

A : Cura hAng Tong hqp Leisure and Pleasureday Co din chi ?

B : Xin chAo anh MAy truyen hinh cua toi bj

true trac Anh cd the cho ngifdi den sufa

nd dupe khong ?

A: C6 dung mAy nAy bao lau roi ?

TASK 5 Say /tJ7 and /dy and

E3 5a

A: Leisure and Pleasure General

Stores Can I help you ?

B : Good morning There's somethingwrong with my television Couldyou arrange to repair it ?

A: How long have you had the

television ?

B : I bought it in January.

A : What's the problem ?B : The picture keeps jumping.

A : Just a moment Our engineer is

free on Tuesday, after lunch.B: Could you manage something

sooner ? 1 want towatch television

before Tuesday.

A : 1'11 putitdown as an urgent repair.

The engineer usually calls in atlunchtime I'll try and catch himthen.

8 : Toi mua nd horn thAng Gieng.

A: Nd bj lAm sao ?

8 : Hinh Anh cd nhay hoAi.

A : Cd dqi giAy lAt Ky sU cua chung toi ranhvAo thd ba, sau gid An tn/a.

B : Anh cd the sAp xep sdm hon diftje khong ?Toi mutfn xem ti-vi trUdc ngAy thtf ba.

A : Tdi se ghi IA can sda gap Ong ky sir nAythudng ghd hi khoang gid An trtfa Tdi seco gA'ng don ong la luc Ay.

Sounds English - 37

Pronunciation :

Leisure and Pleasure General Stores an ’ple^a 'djenaral sto:z/ (prop. 11)

television /’tehvijn/ (n) arrange /a'remdj/ (v)

repair /rt’pea(r)/ ft’, n) manage /maemdj/ (v)

urgent /*3:d3nt/ (adj) lunchtime yiAntjlaim/ (11)

catch /kaetJZ (v)

© 5b Make similar conversations, using the information from the report sheet below.

Leisure and Pleasure General Stores

REPORT SHEET ON REPAIRS REQUESTED

■ - • - * 1

Month ofpurchase

TVPicture keeps jumpingJanuaryYes • ownerwants to watchit1

carengine makes anunusual noiseJulyYes - owner is making a long

journey next weekwatchgotdamaged -dropped on

Listen, and practise the difference.

/jet/ chifayet

/djiafr)/ che nh^o

/djesZ (ten rieng)use

jeerJessbo Tay Tang

ngddi tuyet

Listen to the words on the cassette.

Write the words you hear.

Zdjaem/ mdt

/djaok/ chuyen dua

4 She says she saw a yeti I jettywhen she was on holiday.

1 Hin dang nau mdn gl la, cd khoai md

mutt trong dd

-2 Tat ca Idng do trtfng Ichuyen leu deu da.3 N3m thing / nhufng dieu nhao bing da

qua di.

4 Co iy ndi cdda nhin thay mpt ngudi tuyet

/cau tiu khi di nghl mit.

ZdjZ judgeALL j jam, job

ALL g before e : general,manage

ALL dgejudge

SOME g before i ginger.

jet /djet/ miy bay phinli/c

juice Zd3u:s/ node vit tri i ciyJack /djaek/ (ten rieng)

jetty /’djeti/ be chin sdng;

ciu liu

cu t£f, khoai md

Listen to the sentences on the cassette For each one, write the word you hear.

1 He's cooking something odd, withyam / jam in it.

2 All the yolks / jokes were bad.3 The years / jeers have gone by.

Before SOME Zu/ after

speakers.Exception :

TASK 1 Distinguish between /j/ and /djZ

li°°l 1.1

TASK 2 Say/j/

IS 2.1 Listen, and read out the titles of these television programmes.

Sounds English - 39

A YORKSHIRE VET

NEW YEAR CELEBRATIONS

a documentary about trade unions

a documentary about computers foryoung people

European Youth OrchestraUNIVERSITY CHALLENGE(a quiz programme for students)

2.2a Listen, and practise this conversation.

A : How doEnglishuniversitieschoosestudents ?

B : You usually apply to fouruniversities The universities mayinterview you They usually refuseto take students who fail theirend-of-year exams.

A: Have you applied for university

yet ?

B: Yes, and I heard from York

University yesterday I've got ah

interview next week.

A : C4ctn/dng dpi Iiqc Anh chon sinh vien the?

ndo ?

B : Thdngthudng ban n$p dcln den bhn trUdng

da hoc C3c trUdngda» hpc do c6 th£ phong

van ban Hq thudng khong nhan nhGng hocsinh thi rdl c^c ky thi cuoi nAm.

A : Ban da nop don vao dai hpc chtfa ?

B : Roi, vi t6i da dupe hoi 5m cua Dai hoc• York h6m qua.Tuan tdi t6i se c6 cope phdng

2.2b Listen, and practise correcting incorrect statements.

Notice how the voice falls to emphasise the correct

You usually apply to three universities.

No, you usually apply to fc^ir universities.The universities must interview you.

No, the universities m^y interview you.

exam /ig'zaem/ (ii)

Now correct these statements.

B has not applied for university.B has heard from Sussex University.

B heard from the university today - - B has got an interview tomorrow.

TASK 3 Say/dy

-3.1a Listen, and say these jobs.

judge /d^dy jockey /djoki/ general /djenaral/

baggage-handler /baegidj ,haendla(r)/ carriage-cleaner /kaendj kli:na/messenger /’messrndja(r)/