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Động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verbs) là những động từ có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho động từ chính, dùng để diễn tả khả năng, dự định, sự cấm đoán, cần thiết,…
CHỦ ĐIỂM 4- MODAL VERBS- ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU Functions of Modal Verbs a) You must sign the contract giving permission (You are obliged to/You have to/You need to/It is nec- essary.) a) You can leave your luggage here (you are allowed to do sth; informal) b) | must sign the contract (| have decided.) c) | have to sign the contract (Som else e haos dnecieded) b) You may leave your luggage in this area (you are allowed to do sth; formal - probably written) lack of necessity a) He doesn't need to/doesn't have to/needn't get a refusing permission taxi I'll give him a lift (it isn’t necessary.) b) He didn't need to get a taxi because | gave him a lift a) You can't/muspatrknh'erte (it wasn't necessary for him to get a taxi.) (you are not allowed to do sth; informal) c) He neehd avengo' t attaxi (/! wasn’! necessary for him to get a taxi, but he did.) b) You may not park in this area (you are not allowed to do sth; formal - usually written advice notice) a) You ought to/sh revoiseufolr ydour test (| advise you to/you had better) requests b) You must revise for your test (! strongly advise you to.) a) Can/Will you help me with this exercise? (informa!) b) Coulyod u he/ lp W me wo ith u thislexed rcise? suggestions (more polite) a) We can/coulgdo out for a meal later Cc) May | have one of those leaflets? (formal) b) Shall we go out for a meal later? d) Might | have one of those leaflets? (very formal!) (Let's /Why don't we ?/How about ?/aWbohuta t.?) prohibition forbidden/you ability You mustn't/can'’t lie in court (is aren't allowed to/it’s against the rules) a) Kimis five years old She can read and write (present) b) When she was three, she could count to ten asking for suggestions or instructions When/How shall | contact you? (past repeated action) c) Towasnaby le to win the race (manato gdoe; dpast possibility single action) a) She could/may/might finish her work by six o'clock (it is possible/it is likely/perhaps) lack of ability b) She could/might have been late ( Luckily, she a) Ann can't play the piano (present) wasn't late.) b) She couldn't swim fast when she was young offers (past repeated action) Shall/C| haelpnyo/u C crooss uthelrd oad? c) She couldn't reach the top shelf, even though she ( Would you like me to help you cross the road?) tried (past single action) logical assumptions a) She must be on holiday (positive; |'m sure she is.) a) Can/ open the window, please? (informal) b) She can be ' wort king (neg|a'm tsurie vsheeis;n't.) b) Cou|lodpen the window, please?(more polite) c) He must have been on holiday (positive) c) May/| M opei n tg he hwintdow, please? (forma!) d) He can't have been at home (negative) (Do you mind if ?/Would you mind if ?) criticism He ought to/should have told her the truth (it would have been better if he had told her the truth.) s —-— 4 "You C belaftor weork.” Mo: 2 A: Would you lke to come shopping with me? B: Yes, but! se „„ do my homework this afternoon 3 A: Is Tom interested in music? "know I'm leaving now.’ B: Oh yes, He play the guitar and A needn't B must € mustnt the saxophone im lose SOME Weight His doctor said so 4 A: Is Kaatt ihoeme? “Then he must go on a diet.” 8: No she be Her car is not here A mustn't B can € hasto 5 A: Can go to the cinema tonight? “Tamim GOO the bank today | have enough money.” B: Yes, but you be late home “Well, I'l go alone, then.” 6 A: Hurry up Yoube'laltelfor school! A needn't B have to C must B: I don't {go to school today “Did you deliver that parcel for me?" It's Saturday, "No find the house, so Ive come back to get a map.” A | bought you this present A can B could € couldnt B: Oh, you w have I's not my birthday! 1 Olean the house today I's dirty 8 A: Excuse me, I'm looking for Barkwest Bank il help you 8: I'm afraid 1 help you | don't live here A needn't B must C mustn't 1 feed the dog at lunchtime My brother did Complete the sentences, as in the itin the morning." xample Sometimes more than one ‘You can do it this evening, then.” answer Is possible A didn't need to B neednthave need “Do you need any help?” |Sest | ecoTR) “Yes ‘open the window I's stuck.’ A could Bamableto C cant 1 Shall we gotthoe 200? making a suggestion 1 ‘swim until | was ten 2 Yiou e at VY giving advice ‘Well, | didn’t learn until | was eleven.” A can B can't © couldn't ‘Can | talk to you, please?’ 3 You cu take 3 'Somy, I go now I'm late for a meeting.” photographs here ‘expressing prohibition A mustnt B hasto € must .T T 10 ‘Is Tom good at languages?” "Yes, he already Speak French, German and s jou turn off tralian the lights, please? making a request A can't B can © could 6 You have — " “The test was too difficult for me.” "Oh đear, I do it quite easily.” Tes been more careful expressing enticism: A wasableto B cant € can make a 12 “Where's Tom?" phone call, please? asking for permission He's not at work, so he be at the library.’ 8 Tom walk: expressing lack of A must B can't € can he's oniy six months old, ability 18 ‘ we go shopping today?" "No I'd prefer to go tomorrow.’ SNe rs $674 expressing possibilty ‘A Ought B Shall c will 30 You - wear 14 "Sorry Mum I've broken a plate.” ng obli "You be more careful.” a seatbelt while driving _ °P"939ing oblgalon A may B should © might expressing a positive 16 “Where's your father?” 11 They be tired logical assumption “He bbe in the garage.” 42 I'm sorry, but you A might B can © mustn't go out refusing permission ® Fill in can, can't, must, mustn't, needn't or mịpFrench =ess+B® Í ngaglvelogoleoal have to 1 A: Is Matthew very rich? 4 You assumption sÍther6, giảng pemission B; He muøf be He drives a Ferrari 69 rbs 6, Choose the correct answer đề, Choose the correct answer 1 A letter arrives at your house You are sure it is from 1 You 6 do your homework before you watch TV Paul A can't B should C shall A It might be from Paul 2 TT n | come in? It's rather cold out here A Should B May C Must ® it must be from Paul VOU: icisiaceicns water the plants this weekend; they look dry C it may have been from Paul A areableto 6B needn't C ought to You have toothache Your mother gives you some §I8/614\ác? you collect the children from school, please? advice A Must B Will C May A You may go to the dentist B You should go to the dentist Tà) y4 you play the piano? C You might go to the dentist A n B Must C Should You are looking for your scarf You think it is upstairs A It can’t be upstairs l buy some milk There isn’t any left B It should be upstairs A mustn't B may C must C It could be upstairs When | call you? C needn't A shall B must Your father told you to do your homework You tell your friends Ee2yase swim before | was able to walk A | will do my homework A might B could C can B | have to do my homework YOu: walk to work I'll give you a lift C I might do my homework A must B needn't C may You want your neighbour to babysit for you tonight A Would you babysit for me tonight? 10 TH 14-323 be out There are no lights on B Shall you babysit for me tonight? A shall B should C must C Must you babysit for me tonight? Look at the pictures and answer the You did the washing-up for your mother, but she questions using modal verbs, as in the didn't expect you to example A You mustn't have done the washing-up e.g No, he can't be playing He must be doing his B You might not have done the washing-up homework C You needn't have done the washing-up \s he playing? Has she graduated? There was a good film on TV You are sure John How does she feel? didn't watch it Tu Ti home? ls the man her father? A John should have watched it B John might have watched it ea óc C John can't have watched it ls she in her early fortles? What can She do? You want to have a pet in your flat, but your landlord Has she grown the flowers What d0@S shẹ LT ae tells you it isn't allowed herself? ÊVêry day? ee A You mustn't keep pets in the flat B You needn't keep pets in the flat Does she enjoy gardening? l§ she afraid of animals? j C You will not keep pets in the flat Is she a housewife? An old lady is trying to open the door You offer to do it for her A Couldn't | open the door for you? B Must! open the door for you? C Shall | open the door for you? 10 You offer to do the shopping, but your mother says it isn't necessary A You must do the shopping B You needn't do the shopping C You could do the shopping 70 43, Underline the correct word IN OTHER WORDS The second sentence Study these examples to the first sentence You may/mustn't run in the corridors It's dangerous has a similar meaning Can/Should | ask you a question? Will/Shall we go out for lunch today?Œ Œt +> C2 h2 — 1 Perhaps Tom is tired You must/shouldn't stay at home if you are ill, may Tom may be tired, Tommy can't/couldn't tell the time when he was a baby 2 I'm sure she isn't studying hard My book can't/mustn’t be in the house I've looked can't She can’t be studying hard everywhere 3 It is possible that they went out yesterday 7 You might/needn’t clean the windows I’ve already could They could have gone out yesterday done them 4 It isn't necessary for Joe to come here 8 Will/Shall | help you? have Joe doesn't have to come here 9 You needn't/mustn’t do the shopping, |'ll do it later 5 You aren't allowed to use this car 10 Sam left late for the airport this morning He should/ mustn't You mustn't use this car could have missed his flight 6 Itwasn't necessary for him to book a table, but he did have He needn't have booked a table 7 Let's meet again tomorrow night can We can meet again tomorrow night 8 | advise you to call a doctor should You should call a doctor Rephrase the following sentences in as many ways as possible 1 You had better book your flight early Complete each sentence with two to five You ought to/should/must book your flight early words, including the word in bold 2 Would you like me to draw the curtains for you? It is possible that he has spent all the money could He could have spent all the money | advise you to take a course in literature 3 Why don't we go to a Japanese restaurant for a ceed “YOU cáG2kc 22022022102 ctdaaye: in change? literature lt is possible that the police are questioning him may TH ĐOGĐ: dat coGboioeodoo 4 | strongly advise you to see a doctor as soon as him possible, I'm sure he is lying about his age PERE R ERR EEERETEREREORTRR terete meet wee ee must P0330 06CC2t0xc5 660 2000243A23694494624044481/46dã-: about his age Let's have a break in five minutes L149019414104010194141014014%191040101941031%94%121041041%1301391%2 %0 91%19 9 9809 9 9x 999 9 6996909999 69#ks#t4 can WO cscs cessiscancepapucseuigapaiaeaaneuanepsme in five minutes 4619414191019141410191913191%9%4003104%/0%9130141%9191%99199010900909%91919999 9 %9999 9999999999999 999 8999 It wasn't necessary for her to give me a lift, but she did have SON 11/2 01001164000/2l0%0612226Gi0:31)640646360100385 me a lift SORE eee REE EERE EEE EEE EE EE EERE EERE EEE EEE ERE EEE a bee You aren't allowed to throw litter in the park mườẴLÔ TỔ assszeca-ctiiiooretiietsedeausasoi 1 ` ._._._.` ` ` ` ` litter in the park 8 It isn't necessary for Mother to cook tonight 9 It wasn't necessary for Betty to call a taxi because have MO Ss sccsssciiisccocssusnraccritcecieivenaces tonight gave her a lift 10 They managed to get to the theatre in time, despite 9 Itis possible that she has gone home the heavy traffic COON SB sictetessctiussin mesma home Perhaps Dan is in hospital may DI q2 802n tang idessuiaai hospital It wasn't necessary for her to call, but she did 11 You aren't allowed to keep pets in the building have GÌ TQ 0024 tai102042insag4iz