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are collected to demonstrate how expressives as illocutionary acts are used in modern American short stories.. The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify the syntactic and func
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY HỒ THỊ MINH TÂM A STUDY ON ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS OF EXPRESSIVES IN MODERN AMERICAN SHORT STORIES FIELD: English Linguistics CODE: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: HÀ THANH HẢI, PhD BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN HỒ THỊ MINH TÂM NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC PHƯƠNG THỨC DIỄN ĐẠT THUỘC HÀNH VI TẠI LỜI TRONG TRUYỆN NGẮN HIỆN ĐẠI HOA KỲ Ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8220201 Người hướng dẫn: TS HÀ THANH HẢI i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I consequently certify that this master thesis has been written by myself and describes my own work, unless otherwise stated in the text All references or sources of information have been clearly acknowledged and are included in the References Furthermore, identical extracts have been quoted extensively This thesis has not been approved in any previous application for another degree or diploma Binh Dinh, 2023 Ho Thi Minh Tam ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, Doctor Hà Thanh Hải, who has given me much great advice and encouragement during the time I managed to complete this thesis I am also indebted to her for spending his time to read my manuscripts and make the necessary changes I would like to extend my gratitude to the lectures of this course for their valuable lectures, materials, and experiences which have contributed to the foundation of my thesis I am very much thankful to my friends for encouraging me and providing me with needed materials My warmest thanks are given to my beloved family who always takes care of me and helps me overcome a lot of stress throughout the course as well as the study of this thesis Binh Dinh, 2023 Ho Thi Minh Tam iii ABSTRACT Expressives as illocutionary acts emerge as one of the most strictly typical pragmatic characteristics and indicate the speaker’s feelings, attitude, and psychological state, particularly in modern short stories Based on the illocutionary acts, 10 modern short stories from well-known American authors (Kate Doyle, Caitlin Horrocks, Mia Alvar, Alexandra Kleeman, John Wiswell, etc.) are collected to demonstrate how expressives as illocutionary acts are used in modern American short stories The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify the syntactic and functional aspects of expressives as an illocutionary act that can be found in 145 turns containing expressives in modern American short stories The theory from Quirk and Greenbaum's (1973) is used to analyze the syntactic features of expressives as an illocutionary act There are four syntactic features of expressives as an illocutionary act, including declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, and exclamatives Then, Searle's analytical framework (1979) is used to analyze the functions of expressives as an illocutionary act There are six functions of expressive acts based on Searle's (1979) theory Those are thanking, apologizing, congratulating, greetings, wishing, and attitudes This thesis also uses both quantitative and qualitative methods All the things the characters say are looked at using descriptive methods, discussion, and comments to find out what we can learn about the syntactic and functional tasks that need to be done Despite the limitations of a small study and the lack of time, the researcher hopes that the thesis will contribute to increasing awareness of pragmatics and clarifying illocutionary act theory with specific analysis and interpretation of expressives as illocutionary acts in modern American short stories Keywords: Pragmatics, illocutionary acts, expressives, modern American iv short stories, syntactics features, functional features v TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT .iii TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLE viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Rationale 1 1.2 Aims and objectives 3 1.2.1 Aims 3 1.2.2 Objectives 3 1.3 Research questions 4 1.4 Scope of the study 4 1.5 Significance of the study 4 1.6 Organization of the study 5 1.7 Summary 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Previous studies 6 2.2 Theoretical background 9 2.2.1 Pragmatics 9 2.2.2 Speech Acts theory 10 2.3 Illocutionary Acts 14 2.3.1 The definition of Illocutionary Acts 14 2.3.2 Classification of Illocutionary Acts 16 2.4 The definition of Expressives 19 2.4.1 Syntactic features of English sentences 21 2.4.2 Functional features of Expressives 24 vi 2.5 Context 26 2.6 Summary 28 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 29 3.1 Research Designs 29 3.2 Data Collection 29 3.3 Data Analysis 30 3.4 Research Procedures 31 3.5 Validity and Reliability 31 3.6 Summary 32 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 33 4.1 Findings 33 4.1.1 The syntactic features of expressives as an illocutionary act in modern American short stories 33 4.1.2 The functional features of expressives as an illocutionary act in modern American short stories 40 4.2 Discussion 48 4.2.1 The syntactic features of expressives as an illocutionary act performed by the charaters in the ten of modern American short stories 49 4.2.2 The functional features of expressives as an illocutionary act performed by the charaters in the ten of modern American short stories 49 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 51 5.1 Conclusion 51 5.2 Implications 52 5.3 Limitations of the study 53 5.4 Suggestion for further research 54 REFERENCES 55 vii APPENDIX viii LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1.1 The Syntactic Features of Expressives as an Illocutionary Act in Modern American Short Stories 34 Table 4.1.2 The Functional Features of Expressives as an Illocutionary Act in modern American short stories 41