[...]... HEVs, and fuel cell technology 1.1 Air Pollution At present, all vehicles rely on the combustion of hydrocarbon (HC) fuels to derive the energy necessary for their propulsion Combustion is a reaction between the fuel and the air that releases heat and combustion products The heat is converted to mechanical power by an engine and the combustion 1 2 Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles. .. Vehicular Electric Power Systems: Land, Sea, Air, and Space Vehicles, Marcel Dekker, 2003; Energy Efficient Electric Motors, Marcel Dekker, 2004; Uninterruptible Power Supplies and Active Filters, CRC Press, 2004; Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press, 2004; and Integrated Power Electronic Converters and Digital Control, CRC Press, 2009... 14 Fuel Cells 14.1 Operating Principles of Fuel Cells 14.2 Electrode Potential and Current–Voltage Curve 14.3 Fuel and Oxidant Consumption 14.4 Fuel Cell System Characteristics 14.5 Fuel Cell Technologies 14.5.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 14.5.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells 14.5.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel. .. next-generation vehicles 12 Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles Cumulative oil consumption 100 90 a-b-c 80 70 a-b-f-g 60 50 40 30 a-d-e 20 a-d-f-g 10 0 0 10 20 30 Years 40 50 60 FIGURE 1.9 Comparison of the cumulative fuel consumption between different development strategies of the next-generation vehicles fuel cell vehicles are in a developing stage while current conventional vehicles are still... In the second 20 years, the fuel cell vehicles will gradually go to market, starting from point b and becoming totally fuel cell powered at point f In this strategy, it is assumed that 50% less fuel will be consumed by fuel cell vehicles than by current conventional vehicles Curve a–d–f–g represents the strategy that the vehicles become hybrid in the first 20 years and fuel cell powered in the second... and is the coauthor of 12 books on power electronics, motor drives, and advanced vehicle systems, including Vehicular Electric Power Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc 2003 and Modern Electric Hybrid Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press, 2004 He has over 23 granted or pending U.S and EC patents His current research work is in power electronics, motor drives, hybrid vehicles. .. the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) It comprehensively covers vehicle performance characteristics, configurations, control strategies, design methodologies, modeling, and simulations for modern vehicles with mathematical rigor It... he has been working in this program on research and development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles His research areas are mainly on the fundamentals, architecture, control, modeling, and design of electric and hybrid electric drive trains and major components He is a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers Ali Emadi received his BS and MS in Electrical Engineering with highest distinction... analysis, ICE-based drive trains, EV and HEV configurations, electric propulsion systems, series/parallel/mild hybrid electric drive train design methodologies, energy storage systems, regenerative braking, fuel cells and their applications in vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric drive train design The book’s perspective is from the overall drive train system and not just individual components The... research and development activities related to transportation have emphasized the development of high-efficiency, clean, and safe transportation Electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles have been typically proposed to replace conventional vehicles in the near future This chapter reviews the problems of air pollution, gas emissions causing global warming, and petroleum . emissions and fuel efficiency standards are stimulating the aggressive development of safer, cleaner, and more efficient vehicles. It is now well recognized that electric, hybrid electric, and fuel- cell- powered. 441 14.5 Fuel Cell Technologies 443 14.5.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 443 14.5.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells 444 14.5.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells 446 14.5.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 447 14.5.5. 429 References 431 14 Fuel Cells 433 14.1 Operating Principles of Fuel Cells 433 14.2 Electrode Potential and Current–Voltage Curve 437 14.3 Fuel and Oxidant Consumption 440 14.4 Fuel Cell System Characteristics