Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Paolo Santi Istituto di Informatica e Telematica del CNR – Italy Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Copyright  2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. 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If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 42 McDougall Street, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Santi, Paolo. Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks / Paolo Santi. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-470-09453-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-470-09453-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Wireless LANs. 3. Sensor networks. I. Title. TK5103.2.S258 2006 004.6  8–dc22 2005013736 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978-0-470-09453-2 (HB) ISBN-10 0-470-09453-2 (HB) Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com To my wife Elena, my daughter Bianca, and my children to be To my families Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Contents About the Author xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix List of Abbreviations xxi List of Figures xxiii List of Tables xxvii I Introduction 1 1 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 3 1.1 TheFutureofWirelessCommunication 3 1.1.1 Adhocnetworks 3 1.1.2 Wirelesssensornetworks 5 1.2 Challenges 7 1.2.1 Adhocnetworks 8 1.2.2 Wirelesssensornetworks 9 2 Modeling Ad Hoc Networks 13 2.1 TheWirelessChannel 13 2.1.1 The free space propagation model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.2 The two-ray ground model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.3 Thelog-distancepathmodel 15 2.1.4 Large-scale and small-scale variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 TheCommunicationGraph 16 2.3 ModelingEnergyConsumption 19 2.3.1 Adhocnetworks 20 2.3.2 Sensornetworks 21 2.4 Mobility Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.5 AsymptoticNotation 25 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com viii CONTENTS 3 Topology Control 27 3.1 Motivations for Topology Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.1.1 Topology control and energy conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.1.2 Topology control and network capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.2 A Definition of Topology Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3 A Taxonomy of Topology Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.4 Topology Control in the Protocol Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.4.1 Topology control and routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.4.2 Topology control and MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 II The Critical Transmitting Range 37 4 The CTR for Connectivity: Stationary Networks 39 4.1 TheCTRinDenseNetworks 42 4.2 TheCTRinSparseNetworks 46 4.3 The CTR with Different Deployment Region and Node Distribution . . . 49 4.4 Irregular Radio Coverage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5 The CTR for Connectivity: Mobile Networks 53 5.1 TheCTRinRWPMobileNetworks 55 5.2 The CTR with Bounded, Obstacle-free Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6 Other Characterizations of the CTR 63 6.1 The CTR for k-connectivity 63 6.2 The CTR for Connectivity with Bernoulli Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 6.3 TheCriticalCoverageRange 68 III Topology Optimization Problems 71 7 The Range Assignment Problem 73 7.1 Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 7.2 The RA Problem in One-dimensional Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 7.3 The RA Problem in Two- and Three-dimensional Networks . . . . . . . . 76 7.4 TheSymmetricVersionsoftheProblem 78 7.4.1 The SRA problem in one-dimensional networks . . . . . . . . . . 79 7.4.2 The SRA problem in two- and three-dimensional networks . . . . 80 7.4.3 Approximation algorithms for WSRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 7.5 The Energy Cost of the Optimal Range Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 8 Energy-efficient Communication Topologies 87 8.1 Energy-efficientUnicast 87 8.2 Energy-efficientBroadcast 92 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com [...]... on topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, a topic that has been a subject of intensive research in recent years Indeed, this research field is far from being settled, and several new results and proposals are being published This explains why writing a book on topology control has been very challenging for me I have done my best to include in the book the most significant results and. .. stations, wireless Internet access points, etc.) can be connected together, forming a sort of ‘global’, or ‘ubiquitous’, network Application scenarios in which the adoption of ad hoc networking technologies might prove useful abound For instance, consider the following situation A terrible earthquake has Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks P Santi  2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Simpo PDF. .. interested users Examples of location-aware information are tourist information, shows and events in the surrounding, information on shops/restaurants in the area, and so on 1.1.2 Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks (WSNs for short) are a particular type of ad hoc network, in which the nodes are ‘smart sensors’, that is, small devices (approximately the size of a coin) equipped with advanced... explain what motivated researchers to study topology control techniques In particular, it presents simple examples showing the potential of topology control in reducing node energy consumption (Section 3.1.1) and in increasing the network traffic– carrying capacity (Section 3.1.2) The chapter also provides a first informal definition of topology control (TC), clarifying my personal interpretation (and. .. general, topology control techniques can be used both in ad hoc and in sensor networks, some of them are more useful for application in sensor networks (Chapters 4, 6, 7, 8, 10), and others for application in ad hoc networks (Chapters 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16) A reader with a background in computer science will probably be more comfortable with Part II, Part III, and Part IV of this book, while a reader with... http://www.simpopdf.com Part I Introduction Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com 1 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 1.1 The Future of Wireless Communication Recent emergence of affordable, portable wireless communication and computation devices and concomitant advances in the communication infrastructure... other using wireless transceivers (possibly along multihop paths) without the need for a fixed infrastructure This is a very distinguishing feature of ad hoc networks with respect to more traditional wireless networks, such as cellular networks and wireless LAN, in which nodes (for instance, mobile telephone users) communicate with each other through base stations (wired radio antennae) Ad hoc networks. .. lifetime, and mobility modeling, and on the design of energy-efficient protocols Dr Santi has contributed more than twenty papers in the field of wireless ad hoc and sensor networking, and has been involved in the organizational and technical committee of several conferences in the field Dr Santi is a member of ACM and SIGMOBILE Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF. .. book is intended for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in acquiring a global view of the set of techniques and protocols that have been referred to as topology control in the literature More in general, the book can serve as a reference resource for researchers, engineers, and developers working in the field of wireless ad hoc and sensor networking While I have tried... 14.3), and the KNeighLev protocol (Section 14.4) Chapter 15, which ends Part V of the book, discusses the main open research and technological problems in the field of topology control In particular, it outlines the Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com xviii PREFACE need for a topology control design focused on reducing radio interference between nodes (Section 15.1), and . http://www.simpopdf.com Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Paolo. xxvii I Introduction 1 1 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 3 1.1 TheFutureofWirelessCommunication 3 1.1.1 Adhocnetworks 3 1.1.2 Wirelesssensornetworks 5 1.2 Challenges 7 1.2.1 Adhocnetworks 8 1.2.2 Wirelesssensornetworks. papers in the field of wireless ad hoc and sensor networking, and has been involved in the organizational and technical committee of several conferences in the field. Dr. Santi is a member of ACM and