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I. Answer the following questions: (40 points) 1. What are the different definitions on translation? Definitions of Translation Part I • Translation is basically a change of form. • Translation is the expression in another language of what has been expressed in one language. • Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. • Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the author intended the text. • Translating may be defined as the process of transforming signs or representations into other signs or representations. • Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent material in another language.
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON BASICS OF TRANSLATION FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1) Subject Code: EN42 Full name: Trần Minh Thường Date of birth: July 30, 1981 Group: FDNVT119A I Answer the following questions: (40 points) 1 What are the different definitions on translation? Definitions of Translation Part I Translation is basically a change of form Translation is the expression in another language of what has been expressed in one language Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the author intended the text Translating may be defined as the process of transforming signs or representations into other signs or representations Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent material in another language Definitions of Translation Part II To translate means "to produce a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addressees in target circumstances" Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message Translation leads from a source-language text to a target-language text which is as close an equivalent as possible and presupposes an understanding of the content and style of the original Translation can be conceived as an integral communicative performance, which without any extratextual additions (notes, explanations etc.) Translating as a code-switching operation 1 The ideal translation would be one in which the aim in the target language is equivalence as regards the conceptual content, linguistic form and communicative function of a source-language text 2 What is the nature of translation? THE NATURE OF TRANSLATION Reproducing the Message You should bear in mind that translating must aim primarily at "reproducing the message." To do anything else is essentially false to one's task as a translator But to reproduce the message one must make a good grammatical and lexical adjustments A meaningful equivalent is "tender compassion," and it is precise in this manner that many translations attempt to reproduce the significance of this source-language expression Equivalence rather than Identity The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing the reproduction of the message rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance, but it reinforces the need for radical alteration of a phrase such as I think or in my opinion which may be quite meaningless Dynamic Equivalence over Formal Correspondence Equivalence in translation is considered mainly in terms of form and meaning However, over the past years, translation scholars have focused more on the communicative function than on the notion of equivalence of the target text The translator is seen as a bilingual communicator in an intercultural situation, who can competently produce utterances which are also appropriate in the given sociocultural circumstances A Natural Equivalent Natural refers to three areas of the communication process: a natural rendering should fit the whole receptor language and culture, the context of the specific message, and the receptor-language audience Therefore, the translation should bear no obvious trace of a foreign origin A natural translation would have to deal with two main areas of adaptation, that is grammar and lexicon II Translation practice 1 Translate the following text into Vietnamese (30 points) 2 The two most interesting arguments in The Concept of the Corporation actually had little to do with the decentralization fad They were to dominate his work The first had to do with “empowering” workers Drucker believed in treating workers as resources rather than just as costs He was a harsh critic of the assembly-line system of production that then dominated the manufacturing sector – partly because assembly lines moved at the speed of the slowest and partly because they failed to engage the creativity of individual workers The second argument had to do with the rise of knowledge workers Drucker argued that the world is moving from an “economy of goods” to an economy of “knowledge” – and from a society dominated by an industrial proletariat to one dominated by brain workers He insisted that this had profound implications for both managers and politicians Managers had to stop treating workers like cogs in a huge inhuman machine and start treating them as brain workers In turn, politicians had to realise that knowledge, and hence education, was the single most important resource for any advanced society Hai lý lẽ thú vị nhất trong Khái niệm về Tập đoàn thực sự không liên quan nhiều đến xu hướng phân quyền Chúng đã chi phối công việc của ông ấy Lý lẽ đầu tiên là phải "trao quyền" cho người lao động Drucker tin tưởng vào việc coi người lao động là nguồn lực thay vì chỉ là chi phí Ông là người chỉ trích gay gắt hệ thống dây chuyền sản xuất mà khi đó chúng đã thống trị lĩnh vực sản xuất - một phần vì các dây chuyền lắp ráp di chuyển với tốc độ chậm nhất và một phần vì chúng không tận dụng được sự sáng tạo của từng người lao động Lý lẽ thứ hai liên quan đến sự gia tăng của những người lao động tri thức Drucker lập luận răng thế giới đang chuyển từ "nền kinh tế hàng hóa" sang nền kinh tế "tri thức" - và từ một xã hội do giai cấp vô sản công nghiệp thống trị sang một xã hội do những người lao động trí óc thống trị Ông nhấn mạnh răng điều này có ý nghĩa sâu sắc đối với cả các nhà quản lý và chính trị gia Các nhà quản lý đã phải ngừng đối xử với công nhân như những chiếc bánh răng trong một cỗ máy khổng lồ vô nhân đạo và bắt đầu coi họ như những người lao động trí óc Đổi lại, các chính trị gia phải nhận ra tầm quan trọng của kiến thức, và từ đó thấy rằng giáo dục là nguồn lực quan trọng nhất đối với bất kỳ xã hội tiên tiến nào 2 Translate the following text into English (30 points) 3 Lúc này phải coi tất cả hàng hóa đều là thiết yếu trừ hàng cấm, tất cả đều quan trọng, theo Bộ trưởng Giao thông Vận tải Nguyễn Văn Thể Ông Nguyễn Văn Thể nêu ý kiến trên tại cuộc họp trực tuyến cùng Bộ Công Thương, Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn, UBND các tỉnh, thành về tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho vận chuyển hàng hóa, nông sản, chiều 25/8 Lãnh đạo ngành giao thông nêu rõ, tất cả các tuyến đường bộ, đường thủy đều là luồng xanh phục vụ vận chuyển hàng hóa."Các phương tiện vận chuyển hàng hóa đều được lưu thông; cấp mã QR code là để tạo ưu tiên khi qua chốt, chỉ tiền kiểm, hậu kiểm và xử lý nghiêm minh với các vi phạm", ông nói và đề nghị các chốt khi kiểm soát phải đảm bảo không xảy ra ùn tắc giao thông kéo dài, nghiêm trọng; nếu xảy ra ùn tắc phải xả chốt ngay At this time, all goods must be considered essential except prohibited goods, all are important, according to Minister of Transport Nguyen Van The Mr Nguyen Van The stated the above opinion at an online meeting with the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the People's Committees of provinces and cities on creating favorable conditions for transporting goods and agricultural products, on the afternoon of May 25 8 Transport industry leaders clearly stated that all roads and waterways are green channels to serve the transportation of goods "Vehicles transporting goods are allowed to circulate; issuing QR codes is to create priority When going through checkpoints, only pre-inspection, post-inspection and strict handling of violations," he said and suggested that checkpoints must ensure that no prolonged or serious traffic jams occur; If a blockage occurs, the latch must be released immediately 4