BIOMASSANDREMOTE SENSINGOFBIOMASS  EditedbyIslamAtazadeh              Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass Edited by Islam Atazadeh Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Niksa Mandic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright linerpics, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published August, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass, Edited by Islam Atazadeh p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-490-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com   Contents  Preface IX Part 1 Biomass 1 Chapter 1 Biomass in Evolving World - Individual’s Point of View 3 Biljana Stojković Chapter 2 Ecological Aspects of Biomass Removal in the Localities Damaged by Air-Pollution 21 Jiří Novák, Marian Slodičák, David Dušek and Dušan Kacálek Chapter 3 Invasive Plant Species and Biomass Production in Savannas 35 John K Mworia Chapter 4 Zooplankton Abundance, Biomass and Trophic State in Some Venezuelan Reservoirs 57 Ernesto J. González, María L. Matos, Carlos Peñaherrera and Sandra Merayo Chapter 5 Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass of Wetlands 75 Laimdota Truus Chapter 6 Soil Microbial Biomass Under Native Cerrado and Its Changes After the Pasture and Annual Crops Introduction 87 Leidivan A. Frazão, João Luis N. Carvalho, André M. Mazzetto, Felipe José C. Fracetto, Karina Cenciani, Brigitte J. Feigl and Carlos C. Cerri Chapter 7 The Above-Ground Biomass Production and Distribution in White Willow Community During 11 Years of Primary Succession 111 Petr Maděra, Diana Lopéz and Martin Šenfeldr VI Contents Part 2 Remote Sensing of Biomass 127 Chapter 8 Introduction to Remote Sensing of Biomass 129 Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Mohd. Jamil Maah and Ismail Yusoff Chapter 9 Biomass of Fast-Growing Weeds in a Tropical Lake: An Assessment of the Extent and the Impact with Remote Sensing and GIS 171 Tasneem Abbasi, K.B Chari and S. A. Abbasi Chapter 10 Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to Predict Soil Organic Matter Using Remote Sensing Data in Two Ecosystems 181 Shamsollah Ayoubi, Ahmahdreza Pilehvar Shahri, Parisa Mokhtari Karchegani and Kanwar L. Sahrawat Part 3 Carbon Storage 197 Chapter 11 A Comparative Study of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Aboveground Biomass in Primary Forest and Secondary Forest, Khao Yai National Park 199 Jiranan Piyaphongkul, Nantana Gajaseni and Anuttara Na-Thalang Chapter 12 Carbon Storage in Cold Temperate Ecosystems in Southern Patagonia, Argentina 213 Pablo Luis Peri Part 4 Primary Productivity 227 Chapter 13 Long-Term UVR Effects Upon Phytoplankton Natural Communities of Patagonian Coastal Waters 229 Silvana R. Halac, Virginia E. Villafañe, Rodrigo J. Gonçalves and E. Walter Helbling Chapter 14 In Situ Primary Production Measurements as an Analytical Support to Remote Sensing - An Experimental Approach to Standardize the 14 C Incorporation Technique 249 Tamara Cibic and Damiano Virgilio   Preface  Generally,biomass is used for all materials originating from photosynthesis. In other words,biomassincludesallplantgrowth,herbaceousplants,microalgae,macroalgae andaquaticplants.Butbiomasscanequallyapplytoanimalaswell.Infact,biomassis carbonbasedandiscomposedofamixtureoforganicmoleculescontaininghy drogen, usually including atoms of oxygen, often nitrogen and also small quantities of other atoms,includingalkali,alkalineearthandheavymetals. There are various ways and methods used for evaluation of biomass. One of these waysisremotesensing.Remotesensingprovidesinformationnotonlyaboutbiomass but also about biodiver sity and environmental factors estimation over a wide area. This information includes temporal resolution and a synopsis and digital formatting that allows for the initial processing of large amounts of data. There is a high correlation between spectral bands and vegetation parameters. The advantages of mostremotesensingapplicationforplantsandphytoplanktonininlandwatersaimat the retrieval of the chloroph yll a, as this pigment is a useful proxy for the plant biomass. Although the pigment ratio provides an easily quantifiable approach to monitoring,doubtshavebeenraisedaboutinterpretationoftheresults,sothemethod should only be used as one of several methods for monitoring. The shift in pigment ratiomaybeinfluencedbythefactthatmoreoldplantmaterialislikelytobeincluded insamplesfromsiteswheretheorganismisstressed. Thegreatpotentialofremotesensinghasreceivedconsiderableattentionoverthelast few deca des in many different areas in biological science including nutrient status assessment, weed abundance, deforestation, glacial features in Arctic and  Antarctic regions,depthsoundingofcoastalandoceandepths,anddensitymapping.  IslamAtazadeh ResearcherinPlantScience, RaziUniversity, Kermanshah, Iran 