CITRUS INSECT PEST AND THEIR CITRUS INSECT PEST AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES NATURAL ENEMIES Ho Ho à à Vaên Vaên Chie Chie á á n n , , Leâ Quo Leâ Quo á á c C c C ö ö ô ô ø ø ng ng , , Laâm Th Laâm Th ị ị M M ỹ ỹ Nương Nương Southern Regional Plant Protection Southern Regional Plant Protection Compiling based on Citrus pests and their natural enemies Compiling based on Citrus pests and their natural enemies - - Integrated pest Integrated pest management in Australia edited by Dan Smith, GAC Beattie & Roger management in Australia edited by Dan Smith, GAC Beattie & Roger Broadley Broadley Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton)   1) symptom 1) symptom Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) Leafminer •Adult Leafminer Egg and larva Leafminer Pupa Pupa Life Cycle Adult First instar Second instar Third instar Pupa Pre-pupa Pupa in pupal chamber Eggs Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) Leafminer Leafminer usually occur in the early rain season usually occur in the early rain season and young shoot stage. and young shoot stage. 2). Life cycle 2). Life cycle   The complete life cycle takes 14 The complete life cycle takes 14 - - 17 days or 17 days or times longer. times longer.   Most adults live for less than a week, female Most adults live for less than a week, female moths start laying eggs about 24 hours after moths start laying eggs about 24 hours after mating. mating. Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) Life cycle Life cycle   Eggs are laid at night, a female can laid more than Eggs are laid at night, a female can laid more than 50 eggs their life (as many as 20 eggs per night). 50 eggs their life (as many as 20 eggs per night).   The flat, slightly oval eggs are about 0.3 mm long The flat, slightly oval eggs are about 0.3 mm long and look like tiny water droplets on the leaves. Eggs and look like tiny water droplets on the leaves. Eggs are deposited singly, on the undersides of leaves are deposited singly, on the undersides of leaves near the midrib, usually at the base of the leaf. near the midrib, usually at the base of the leaf. Young leaves 10 Young leaves 10 - - 20 mm in length are preferred sites 20 mm in length are preferred sites for egg laying. for egg laying. Leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton)   Hatching can occur within a day, and the young larva Hatching can occur within a day, and the young larva immediately burrows under the leaf surface. immediately burrows under the leaf surface.   Each pale Each pale - - green larva tunnels a characteristic, sinuous, green larva tunnels a characteristic, sinuous, silvery mine in the leaf, with a raised parchment silvery mine in the leaf, with a raised parchment - - like skin like skin lined centrally with dark excreta. Larva never leave their lined centrally with dark excreta. Larva never leave their mines to form other mines or move between lower and mines to form other mines or move between lower and upper sides of leaves. Damage is caused by the larvae as upper sides of leaves. Damage is caused by the larvae as they mine immature foliage. Twisted and curled leaves are they mine immature foliage. Twisted and curled leaves are generally the first symptom noticed. generally the first symptom noticed.   Larva stage is about 5 Larva stage is about 5 - - 6 days. The pre 6 days. The pre - - pupa and pupa are pupa and pupa are about 6 days and then adults emerge. about 6 days and then adults emerge. [...]... Walker) Citrus Hopper (Colgar peracutum Walker) 1) Shape and habits  Citrus Hopper is about 10 mm long When at rest their wings are tent-like shape Citrus Hopper can occur on mango also;  They are pale green to white, with small red spot in the middle of each forewing, and usually a red border on the forewings Citrus Hopper are usually green, and covered with small yellow spots Both adult and larvae... flat and resemble scale crawlers feeding and developing beneath a protective waxy covering Both adults and nymphs produce sticky honeydew on which sooty mould grows, and transmitting virus diseases  Three growth stages are followed by a pupa and then winged adult The pupae are often found on leaf midribs and look like young soft brown scale There are at least 5 to 6 generations per year Whitefly Citrus. .. (Rhynochocoris poseidon Kirkaldy) 1) Shape and damage symptoms The spined citrus bug 15-20 mm long with a prominent spine on each shoulder of the thorax Both nymphs and adults of plantfeeding species cause plant and fruit damage with their sucking mouthparts The bug pierce the rind of fruit at any stage causing drying and brown staining of segments, gumming and fruit drop In ripe fruit, damage is often... loss Spined citrus bug (Rhynochocoris poseidon Kirkaldy) Damage symptoms Spined citrus bug (Rhynochocoris poseidon Kirkaldy) 2) Life cycle Citrus butterflies (Papilio demoleus L.) 1) Shape    There are many species butterflies on citrus; the fully grown larva of the big citrus butterflies is 70 cm long (and 50 cm for small one), they are brown to olive green in color, with a reddish band near the...The leaves growth stages and their symptom Aphids (Toxoptera sp.) 1) Symptom Aphids (Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe)    Aphids are dark brown or black and about 2 mm long They live on the young leaves and shoots with high density They feed on plant sap, using their sucking mouthparts They produce a sugary liquid (honeydew), on which sooty mould grows, and can transmit plant viruses... may be winged or wingless, depending on the state of their food supply and their density Damage: deformation, flower drop, sooty mould, reduced fruit set, distortion of young leaves and shoots Aphids 2) Life cycle There are probably 25-30 generations per years The most important known of vectors tristeza virus to citrus plant It is very dangerous for citrus grower wingless Adult nymph winged Adult Whitefly... small fleshy spines on the body The big citrus butterfly has the wing span of about 130 mm (75 cm for small one) Wings of the male are black with white markings, while the hind wings of the female are brightly marked with white, orange and blue Citrus butterflies (Papilio demoleus L.) Adults eggs Citrus butterflies (Papilio demoleus L.) Larvae Adult and pupa Citrus butterflies (Papilio demoleus L.)... The eggs of species are yellow, spherical and 2-2.5 mm in diameter  The larvae pass through 5 instars, settle and feeding on young leaves before pupating in an upright position attached to a citrus twig by silken pad at the tail end, and a fine silken girdle at the waist  The complete life cycle takes 2-3 months There are at least 3 generations per year Citrus butterflies  2) Life cycle (Papilio... Whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus)    Citrus whitefly usually occur on undersides of young leaves , they are 2.5 mm long, with white powdery wings Adult look like small moths, they are related to scale insect Adult will fly out in swarms if foliage is disturbed The eggs are yellow and oval-shaped with white powdery wax, underside the young leaves or fruits, and circular egg laying pattern Whitefly... Fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) 1) Shape and damage  Fruit fly attack on citrus and the others fruits such as apple, papaya, mango, plum, guava , so they occur almost garden fruit Adult fruit flies are about 7mm, they can fly tens of km; larvae are cream to white maggots without legs, the last-stage larvae are about 8 mm The area around the ‘sting’ yellows and often clear or brown gum exudes from . CITRUS INSECT PEST AND THEIR CITRUS INSECT PEST AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES NATURAL ENEMIES Ho Ho à à Vaên Vaên Chie Chie á á n n , , Leâ. Protection Compiling based on Citrus pests and their natural enemies Compiling based on Citrus pests and their natural enemies - - Integrated pest Integrated pest management in Australia. pre - - pupa and pupa are pupa and pupa are about 6 days and then adults emerge. about 6 days and then adults emerge. The leaves growth stages and their symptom The leaves growth stages and their