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Tổng ôn các chuyên đề ngữ pháp thi THPTQG dành cho học sinh ôn thi THPTQG. CONTENTS MODULE 1 : PHONETICS MODULE 2 : STRESS MODULE 3 : TAG QUESTIONS MODULE 4 : PASSIVE VOICE MODULE 5 : PREPOSITIONS MODULE 6 : COMPARISONS MODULE 7 : THE ORDER OF THE ADJECTIVE MODULE 8 : TENSES(ADVERBIAL OF TIME) MODULE 9 : SUBJECTS AND VERB AGREEMENT MODULE 10 : CONJUNCTIONS MODULE 11 : HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE MODULE 12 : WORD FORMATIONS MODULE 13 : EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY MODULE 14 : MODAL VERB MODULE 15 : INVERSION MODULE 16 : GERUND AND INFINITIVE MODULE 17 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES MODULE 18 : TYPES OF CLAUSES MODULE 19 : VOCABULARY MODULE 20 : REPORTED SPEECH MODULE 21 : SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD MODULE 22 : ARTICLES MODULE 23 : PHRASAL VERBS MODULE 24 : COLLOCATIONS MODULE 25 : IDIOMS MODULE 26 : COMMUNICATION SKILLS MODULE 27 : CLOSESTOPPOSITE MEANING MODULE 28 : READING MODULE 29 : FIND OUT MISTAKE MODULE 30 : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION MODULE 31 : SENTENCE COMBINATION MODULE 32 : PRACTICE TESTS
TỔNG ÔN CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ CONTENTS MODULE : PHONETICS MODULE : STRESS MODULE : TAG QUESTIONS MODULE : PASSIVE VOICE MODULE : PREPOSITIONS MODULE : COMPARISONS MODULE : THE ORDER OF THE ADJECTIVE MODULE : TENSES(ADVERBIAL OF TIME) MODULE : SUBJECTS AND VERB AGREEMENT MODULE 10 : CONJUNCTIONS MODULE 11 : HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE MODULE 12 : WORD FORMATIONS MODULE 13 : EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY MODULE 14 : MODAL VERB MODULE 15 : INVERSION MODULE 16 : GERUND AND INFINITIVE MODULE 17 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES MODULE 18 : TYPES OF CLAUSES MODULE 19 : VOCABULARY MODULE 20 : REPORTED SPEECH MODULE 21 : SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD MODULE 22 : ARTICLES MODULE 23 : PHRASAL VERBS MODULE 24 : COLLOCATIONS MODULE 25 : IDIOMS MODULE 26 : COMMUNICATION SKILLS MODULE 27 : CLOSEST/OPPOSITE MEANING MODULE 28 : READING MODULE 29 : FIND OUT MISTAKE MODULE 30 : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION MODULE 31 : SENTENCE COMBINATION MODULE 32 : PRACTICE TESTS MODULE : PHONETICS LÝ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM Phiên âm Tiếng anh Nguyên âm Vowels (u, e, o, a, i) Nguyên âm ngắn - Short vowels / ə/: ago, mother, together - /i/: hit, bit, sit / ʌ /: study, shut, must - / ɒ /: got job, hospital /u/: put, should, foot – -/e/: bed, send, tent, spend / æ /: cat, chat, man Nguyên âm dài - Long vowels / iː/ meet, beat, heat -/u:/: school, food, moon /a:/: father, star, car - / ɔː/: sport, more, store -/ ɜː /: bird, shirt, early Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy /ei/: day, baby, stay - /ou /: no, go, so /au/: now, sound, cow - / ʊə /: poor, sure, tour / eə /: air, care, share - / ɪə /: near, tear, cheer Phụ âm - Consonants /b/: bag, baby - /p/: pupil, pay, stop /d/: dog, daddy, dead - /k/: kiss, key /m/: mother, map, come - /j/: yes, yellow /n/: many, none, news - /s/: see, summer /l/: love, lucky, travel - /z/: zoo, visit /r/: river, restaurant - /h/: hat, honey /t/: tea, teach - / dʒ /: village, jam, generous /g /: get, game, go - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - / ð /: mother, with, this /v/: visit, van - / ʃ /: she, sugar /w/: wet, why - / ʒn /: vision / tʃ /: children, chicken, watch - / ŋ /: thank, sing Cách phát âm đuôi -s "-s” phát âm là: + /s/: âm tận trước /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ + /iz/: trước -s là: ch, sh, ss, x, ge + /z/: âm tận trước ngun âm phụ âm cịn lại Ví dụ: A listens / ˈlɪsnz / B reviews / rɪˈvjuːz / C protects / prəˈtekts / D enjoys / ɪnˈdʒɔɪz / Phần gạch chân câu C phát âm /s/ lại phát âm /z/ Đáp án C Cách phát âm đuôi -ed “ed" phát âm là: + /t/: âm tận trước -ed /s/,/tf/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /f/ phát âm /t/ + /id/: trước -ed /t/ /d/ + /d/: âm tận trước -ed nguyên âm phụ âm lại Ví dụ: A toured /turd/ B jumped / dʒʌmpt / C solved / sɒlvd / D rained / reɪnd / Câu B "-ed" phát ấm /t/, đáp án lại -ed phát âm /d/ Đáp án B *Các trường hợp đặc biệt đuôi -ed Một số từ kết thúc -ed dùng làm tính từ/danh từ, -ed phát âm /id/: aged / eɪdʒid /(a): cao tuổi, lớn tuổi aged / eɪdʒd /(Vpast): trở nên già, làm cho già cỗi blessed /blesid/ (a): thần thánh, thiêng liêng crooked / krʊkid/(a): cong, oằn, vặn vẹo dogged / dɒɡdi /(a): gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ naked /neikid/(a): trơ trụi, trần truồng learned / lɜːnid /(a): có học thức, thơng thái, un bác learned / lɜːnd /(Vpast): học ragged / ræɡid /(a): rách tả toi, bù xù wicked /wikid/(a): tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại wretched / ˈretʃɪd /(a): khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ 10 beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd /(a): yêu thương 11 cursed / kɜːst /(a): tức giận, khó chịu 12 rugged / ˈrʌɡɪd /(a): xù xì, gồ ghề 13 sacred / ˈseɪkrɪd /(a): thiêng liêng, trân trọng 14 legged / ˈleɡɪd /(a): có chân 15 hatred / ˈheɪtrɪd /(a): lịng hận thù crabbed / kræbid /(a): càu nhàu, gắt gỏng BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Exercises : Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions Phát âm đuôi –s/es A nations B speakers C languages D minds A proofs B looks C lends D stops A dates B bags C photographs D speaks A parents B brothers C weekends D feelings A chores B dishes C houses D coaches A works B shops C shifts D plays A coughs B sings C stops D sleeps A signs B profits C becomes D survives A proofs B books C points D days 10 A phones B streets C books D makes 11 A proofs B regions C lifts D rocks 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 A involves B believes C suggests D steals A remembers B cooks C walls D pyramids A miles B words C accidents D names A sports B plays C chores D minds A walks B steps C shuts D plays A wishes B practices C introduces D leaves A grasses B stretches C comprises D potatoes A desks B maps C plants D chairs A pens B books C phones D tables A dips B deserts C books D camels A knees B peas C trees D niece A cups B stamps C books D pens A houses B faces C hates D places A miles B attends C drifts D glows A mends B develops C values D equals A repeats B classmates C amuses D attacks A humans B dreams C concerts D songs A manages B laughs C photographs D makes A dishes B oranges C experiences D chores A helps B laughs C cooks D finds A neighbors B friends C relatives D photographs A snacks B follows C titles D writers A streets B phones C books D makes A cities B satellites C series D workers A develops B takes C laughs D volumes A fills B adds C stirs D lets A wants B books C stops D sends A books B dogs C cats D maps A biscuits B magazines C newspapers D vegetables Phát âm đuôi -ed A lifted B lasted C happened D decided A believed B prepared C involved D liked A coughed B phoned C booked D stopped A talked B looked C naked D worked A developed B ignored C laughed D washed A phoned B stated C mended D old-aged A clapped B attracted C lifted D needed A involved B believed C praised D locked A remembered B cooked C raised D cleaned A smiled B regarded C suggested D naked A collected B changed C formed D viewed A walked B entertained C reached D looked A watched B stopped C pushed D improved A admired B looked C missed D hoped A proved B changed C pointed D played A helped B laughed C cooked D intended 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 A smoked B followed C titled D implied A failed B reached C absorbed D solved A invited B attended C celebrated D displayed A smiled B denied C divorced D agreed A planned B developed C valued D recognized A approved B answered C passed D uttered A doubted B wedded C connected D passed A managed B laughed C captured D signed A washed B exchanged C experienced D mixed A filled B added C started D intended A removed B washed C hoped D missed A looked B laughed C moved D stepped A wanted B parked C stopped D watched A laughed B passed C suggested D placed A reversed B choked C played D sentenced A minded B hated C exchanged D old-aged A proved B looked C stopped D coughed A dated B changed C struggled D agreed A scaled B stared C phoned D hundred A behaved B washed C clicked D approached A worked B shopped C missed D displayed A wanted B booked C stopped D laughed A booked B watched C jogged D developed A kneeled B bowed C implied D compressed A bottled B explained C trapped D betrayed A laughed B stamped C booked D contented A coughed B cooked C melted D mixed A signed B profited C attracted D naked A walked B hundred C fixed D coughed A watched B practiced C introduced D cleaned A passed B stretched C comprised D washed A tested B clapped C planted D demanded A intended B engaged C phoned D enabled A married B sniffed C booked D coughed Phát âm nguyên âm/phụ âm A unlike B university C unit D union A sister B close C houses D house A father B anything C another D although A feeling B weekend C reading D ready A secure B future C mature D culture A banquet B sacrifice C ambulance D husband A polite B idea C police D oblige A family B father C happy D frankly A hospital B confidence C biologist D home A night B children C shift D quit A mother B brother C although D enough 102 A prepare B caring C repair D farther 103 A leave B week C live D police 104 A pollute B busy C solution D conclusion 105 A chores B children C mischievous D school 106 A sacrifice B determine C involve D different 107 A attitude B wisdom C determine D unwise 108 A of B leaf C family D confide 109 A hand B demand C happy D hat 110 A house B thousand C young D mouth 111 A equal B arrest C reject D envelope 112 A culture B under C conduct D bushes 113 A change B teacher C school D each 114 A good B groom C school D roof 115 A thin B think C many D under 116 A how B shower C now D below 117 A great B feature C leaf D lead 118 A symbol B physical C apply D ceremony 119 A wedding B exchange C guest D ancestor 120 A guest B grateful C groom D generation 121 A work B supportive C nurse D further 122 A house B around C cousin D announce 123 A breakfast B ready C spread D head 124 A most B cost C post D host 125 A woman B push C pull D women 126 A close-knit B well-known C quickly D kneel 127 A hands B parents C takes D hopes 128 A prizes B since C spirit D conical 129 A bribe B child C children D wife 130 A some B women C love D money Exercises : Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A valentine B imagine C discipline D determine A crop B common C household D bodily A merchant B sergeant C mermaid D commercial A obstacle B obscure C obsession D oblivious A failed B reached C absorbed D solved A develops B takes C laughs D volumes A species B invent C medicine D tennis A advanced B established C preferred D stopped A exact B examine C eleven D elephant 10 A final B writer C ivory D window 11 A passed B managed C cleared D threatened 12 A ejects B defends C advocates D breaths 13 A produced B believed C stopped D laughed 14 A alien B alloy C alley D anthem 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A affected B looked C decreased D washed A missed B worked C realized D watched A need B speech C see D career A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed A pagoda B integral C against D aquatic A imagines B bikes C cultures D involves A office B practice C service D device A finished B cooked C attended D laughed A number B future C furious D amuse A concerned B candied C travelled D dried A speaks B speeds C graphs D beliefs A dune B hummock C shrub D buffalo A increased B pleased C replaced D fixed A looks B knows C helps D sits A linked B declared C finished D developed A heat B beat C meant D easy A sports B thanks C games D enthusiasts A sacrificed B trusted C recorded D acted A cooks B loves C joins D spends A interviewed B performed C finished D delivered A misses B goes C leaves D potatoes A removed B approved C reminded D relieved A young B plough C couple D cousin A confine B conceal C convention D concentrate A isolated B climate C island D automobile A river B rival C native D driven A heavy B head C weather D heat A processed B infested C balanced D reached A food B shoot C book D boot A amount B country C counter D around A apologize B agree C algebra D aggressive A likes B tightens C heaps D coughs A building B suitable C suit D recruitment A create B creature C easy D increase A needed B played C rained D followed A ploughs B photographs C gas D laughs A broad B load C road D boat A acronym B agency C became D aviation A account B amount C mourning D trout A sound B touchy C outdated D account A fungus B rubbish C function D furious A contain B entertain C certain D campaign A measure B pleasure C threat D treat A south B southern C scout D drought A dome B comb C home D tomb A accountant B country C count D fountain 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 A clubs B books C hats D stamps A advance B ancient C cancer D annual A canoeing B penalty C rival D tsunami A increase B meant C flea D lease A goalie B archive C signal D advertisement A bury B hurt C turn D excursion A book B foot C brook D booth A punctual B rubbish C thunder D furious A sound B touch C down D account A clerk B reserve C deserve D herb A spark B share C park D smart A hasty B nasty C wastage D tasty A neigh B height C weigh D vein A butter B gum C butcher D summer A hall B salt C drawn D roll A lost B post C loan D pole A adopted B appealed C dedicated D wounded A mile B militant C smile D kind A peace B great C treat D meat A sailor B tailor C naivety D painter A character B flatter C equally D attraction A peace B wear C weak D sea A zoo B goose C tooth D good A skill B fine C dinner D since A hook B floor C book D look A dedicate B eliminate C educate D certificate A seems B plays C visits D travels A stool B bamboo C good D loose A sculpture B result C justice D figure A searched B practiced C subscribed D increased A adverb B advent C advertise D advance A allow B tomorrow C slowly D below A included B wanted C noticed D decided A bushes B wishes C researches D headaches A tool B spoon C foot D noon A dressed B dropped C matched D joined A walk B call C take D talk A passed B opened C washed D worked A dream B wear C treat D Mean A attacks B medals C concerns D Fingers MODULE : STRESS LÝ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM QUY TẮC ĐÁNH DẤU TRỌNG ÂM Động từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai - Example : be’gin, be’come, for’get, en’joy, dis’cover, re’lax, de’ny, re’veal,… - Ngoại lệ : ‘answer, ‘enter, ‘happen, ‘offer, ‘open… Danh từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ - Example : ‘children, ‘hobby, ‘habit, ‘labour, ‘trouble, ‘standard… - Ngoại lệ : ad’vice, ma’chine, mis’take… Tính từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhât - Example : ‘basic, ‘busy, ‘handsome, ‘lucky, ‘pretty, ‘silly… - Ngoại lệ : a’lone, a’mazed, … Động từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai - Example : be’come, under’stand Trọng âm rơi vào vần sau: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self - Example : e’vent, sub’tract, pro’test, in’sist, main’tain, my’self, him’self Các từ kết thúc đuôi : how, what, where, … trọng âm nhấn vào vần - Example : ‘anywhere ‘somehow ‘somewhere … Các từ âm tiết bắt đầu A trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ : - Example : A’bed, a’bout, a’bove ,a’back, a’gain, a’lone, a’chieve ,a’like - Example : A’live, a’go, a’sleep ,a’broad ,a’side ,a’buse ,a’fraid Các từ tận đuôi : – ety, – ity, – ion ,- sion, – cial,- ically, – ious, -eous, – ian, – ior, – iar, iasm – ience, – iency, – ient, – ier, – ic, – ics, -ial, -ical, -ible, -uous, -ics*, ium, – logy, – sophy,- graphy – ular, – ulum … => Thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết truớc - Example : de’cision ,dic’tation, libra’rian, ex’perience, ‘premier, so’ciety, arti’ficial ,su’perior… - Ngoại trừ : ‘cathonic , ‘lunatic (õm lịch) , ‘arabic (ả rập) , ‘politics (chính trị học) a’rithmetic (số học) Các từ kết thúc :– ate, – cy*, -ty, -phy, -gy => Nếu vần trọng âm nhấn vào từ thứ => Nếu vần vần trọng âm nhấn vào vần thứ từ cuồi lên - Example : ‘Senate, Com’municate, ‘regulate, ‘playmate, cong’ratulate ,‘concentrate, ‘activate…… - Ngoại trừ: ‘Accuracy’ 10 Các từ tận đuôi : -ade, – ee, – ese, – eer, – ette, – oo, -oon , – ain (chỉ động từ) -esque,- isque, -aire ,-mental, -ever, – self => Thì trọng âm nhấn đuôi - Example:Lemo’nade, Chi’nese, deg’ree, Vietna’mese …