TRAVEL REPORT: Dr Darren Trott CENTRAL VIETNAM –24th October – 8th November 2009 CARD Project (424 7155 01 004/05VIE) A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam Participating Agencies: Vietnam: National Institution of Animal Husbandry (NIAH) – Dept of Small Livestock Research Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry (HUAF) – Faculty of Animal Sciences National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR) – Dept of Bacteriology Department of Agricultural and Rural Development of Quang Tri Province Vietnamese farmer Association – Thua Thien Hue Australia: The University of Queensland – School of Veterinary Science South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) Department of Primary Industries Victoria – Pig Health and Research Unit Report Date – February 2009 OBJECTIVES To travel Ha Noi: a to visit NIVR to meet with Dr Phu, Dr Thuy and Mr Tuan to finalise project reports b To discuss project implementation with NIAH staff and provide instruction to Ms Cam (NIAH young research scientist) on writing prescriptions for administration of pig medications To travel to Hue and Quang Tri Vietnam: a to review progress of project; b to meet with Professor Linh and his team to discuss project implementation and tour; c to visit the most successful farms visit farms in two provinces in Central Vietnam – Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue; d to assist in the training of Commune Extension Veterinarians in doing farm audits and assessments; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND REVIEW OF PROGRESS Vietnam Day 1: A meeting took place at the CARD office with Dr Duyen, Dr Thuy, Mr Hue and Mr Keith Major items of discussion included steps to register the NIVR E coli vaccine, farmer to farmer training initiatives, establishment of the farmer clubs, the need for sound advice on the use of medications, evaluation of farmers’ impressions on the project strengths and weaknesses and the creation of training manuals Out of this meeting the nucleus of the idea of a training DVD developed to cover many of these aspects using a medium that was easily identifiable (ie the demonstration farmers are active participants in the design and delivery) following discussions and advice from Dr Elske van de Fluyt Vietnam Day 2: Meeting with Dr Cuong, Dr Duyen and the NIAH project team to discuss finalisation of the project, plans for the 2-day field trip in Quang Tri and the creation of small project research proposals for young scientists Dr Cuong provided advice on the registration of the vaccine Vietnam Day 3: Meeting with Mr Nguyen Ngoc Phuc who runs a research piggery near Hanoi He currently uses Pfizer Littergard at a cost of 0.70¢ US per dose at and 12 weeks of gestation He also reported that diarrhoea and oedema disease were important diseases increasing in spring He would be very amenable to conducting a field trial with the NIVR vaccine Return to NIAH for a 2-hour training tutorial with Dr Cam and Mr Bien on prudent and appropriate antimicrobial drug prescription Ms Cam was given a copy of the IVS Veterinary Drug Handbook (2009 version) Vietnam Days 4-5: Work with Dr Thuy from NIVR on project reports Vietnam Day 6: Travel to Hue for combined meeting with Prof Linh, Dr Duyen and Dr Thuy Vietnam Day 7: Thua Thien Hue-visit the farm of Mrs Tuyet and discussions with commune vets Phan Do and Tran Hoa and project farmers The tutorial on usage of antimicrobials was continued Mr Do then administered Dectomax to a pig with mange and Mrs Tuyet was advised to treat all in contact stock Mrs Tuyet was also given some Baycox to give to her new litters as a preventative medication The commune veterinarians reported that diarrhoea of piglets in the first week, oedema disease and respiratory infections were the biggest disease problems apart from the recent PRRS outbreak Diarrhoea is currently treated with enrofloxacin as an oral medication when it can be prevented using the NIVR ETEC vaccine (most diarrhoea in the first week is caused by ETEC) Mrs Tuyet’s farm was extremely clean and hygienic She was not using heated creep boxes at the time as she said the weather was warm, but we advised her to let the piglets decide whether they were cold or warm She would like to insulate the roof as her next project and would be the ideal recipient of a Biogas system as her piggery waste was currently discharged to the local stream Stock were all healthy though several sows had mange In the afternoon we visited Mr Lap’s farm in Thuy Phuong commune He currently has a very successful integrated farming enterprise with an aquaculture system supporting species of fish Mr Nhan the commune veterinarian identified pre-weaning diarrhoea at 5-7 days and the 3rd week of life as the major diseases in the commune along with grower pigs with Glassers Disease/Strep suis The third farm belonging to Nguyen Tan Phuong was almost semi commercial and a good indication of how a smallholder can make the transition to commercial operation The farm was visited late in the day, however the project team noted diarrhoea in a pen of three week old suckers A diagnosis of ETEC infection was made on the appearance of watery diarrhoea and dehydration and Lincospectin was chosen as the most appropriate medication The following day it was reported that the pigs had improved significantly, but one severely dehydrated piglet had died as there were no electrolytes or stomach tubes on hand (a note for future visits) Vietnam Day 8: Planning meeting at HUAF: The remainder of the project visits and requirements were mapped out by representatives from each group Points to highlight included: 1) The need to continue the use of NIVR vaccine on all demonstration farms (Dr Thuy amd Mr Tuan had bought a large number of doses with her) and the need to monitor its success in terms of reduced diarrhoea in the first week of life on test farms vs control farms Outcome: Whilst this was initiated from November until January, the implementation of the DVD made it difficult to obtain all data from all farms, thus it has been identified as a small research project for a HUAF young researcher 2) The transfer of technology from NIVR to HUAF for investigation of enteric diseases Outcome: Dr Thuy undertook this training initiative and enteric diseases are now being monitored at HUAF and will be part of the ongoing young researcher project 3) The identification of the farmer clubs as the major initiative to focus remaining efforts and the critical role of commune veterinarians who had now been identified and were actively engaged in supporting the project Outcome: The development of the training DVD 4) The key requirement of completing the electronic surveys for demonstration farms (one survey on commencement, one mid-term survey, one final survey, as well as complete a matching control survey under the following selection criteria (surveyed in 2006, close to a test farm ie in the same commune and an equivalent number of sows on the first audit) Outcome: Surveys are ongoing with the instructions that all work must by concluded by the end of March 2010 5) Plans for Tarni’s visit in December 2009 to begin the groundwork for the training initiatives planned for early 2010 Outcome: Creation of the training DVD as the major vehicle for farmer to farmer training 6) Development of small research proposal application process for young scientists to continue research ($4,000) and up to $1000 project initiative funds for smallholder farmers to complete upgrades on their farms in order to become demonstration units Outcome: Enough funds were left over to fund two projects and farms per province with a further $4,000 contributed by Dr Trott from his University of Adelaide start up funds so that a third research project was possible Vietnam Day 9: Travel to Quang Tri to meet with the farmer clubs The first farm visited was owned by Mr Phan Diu Trang and he has built a new piggery according to Mr Bien’s design Once again the members of the farmer club and the commune and district veterinarians met with Dr Darren Trott and discussed pig medications and the most common diseases encountered in the commune These included (once again) diarrhoea in the preweaning piglets (3 days), postweaning diarrhoea and oedema disease, mange and lungworm (Metastrongylus) Lungworm has not previously been reported but is obviously a problem of breeding sows that can be treated using the same drug (Dectomax) for mange This provided another opportunity to “spruik” the NIVR E coli vaccine in order to obtain field data on efficacy The farm visit was tremendously encouraging to see the improvements that have been made in Quang Tri from the mid-project visit Four pregnant gilts were well in to the 3rd trimester and seemed healthy One old dry sow had quite severe mange and had been treated with ivermectin 10 days previously We highlighted the importance of treatment of all animals in the shed at the same time using Dectomax and then repeating but suggested that the farmer should wait until the litters were born to prevent stress Replacement gilts were in good health The pen of weaners were coughing and were treated with a single dose of tulathromycin We then visited the farm of Le Dinh Danh, the leader of the farmer club in Phu kong and once again, the local commune vets and farmers joined in the discussions on medications and pig diseases The veterinarians listed pre and postweaning diarrhoea as the main problems and one vet asked about liver flukes as he has seen them often in post-mortems (the subject of several research studies due to zoonotic potential in integrated systems with aquaculture-consumption of fish) We were impressed by the high level of knowledge regarding individual pig diseases as well as the creep design, biogas system and overall farm management Two piglets had a typical coccidiosis scour and were treated with Baycox and Mr Danh informed me that he had been using Baycox until relatively recently (he learnt about the product from the library of written material and agricultural journals sponsored by the farmer club), when the drop in pig prices meant that it was no longer cost effective (he gratefully received another bottle supplied by the project) Vietnam Day 10: The farmer club anniversary celebration was a tremendous success Following official speeches, the farmers competed in a contest with one another by answering questions covering different aspects of Mong Cai production Mr Danh’s table of Phu Kong farmers were judged to be the winners Prizes were awarded and farmers received small project grants to cover the damages to infrastructure caused by the recent typhoon Vietnam Day 11: The team returned to Hue for a final meeting with Prof Linh before flying back to Hanoi for the project conclusion dinner with NIVR and NIAH staff and including Dr Coi, former AUSAID CARD project leader who now heads up the Hai Phuong Pig Research Institute A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam AUSAIDCARD Project (424 7155 01 004/05VIE) TRAVEL REPORT: Miss Tarni Cooper LOCATION: Central Vietnam– Thua Thien Hue and Quang Tri TIME: 2nd December 2009 to 21st December 2009 Participating Agencies: Vietnam: National Institution of Animal Husbandry (NIAH) – Dept of Small Livestock Research Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry (HUAF) – Faculty of Animal Sciences National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR) – Dept of Bacteriology Department of Agricultural and Rural Development of Quang Tri Province Vietnamese farmer Association – Thua Thien Hue Australia: The University of Queensland – School of Veterinary Science South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) Department of Primary Industries Victoria – Pig Health and Research Unit OBJECTIVES Assist in establishing a farmer club in each commune in TTHue Support all farmer clubs, in Quang Tri and TTHue through facilitation farmer club meetings Assist farmer clubs to produce storyboard plans for filming of farmer-farmer training DVD Meet with all team staff to finalise plan for DVD preparation and filming Offer support for the teams conducting the final farm audits and uploading data onto the online database PRINCIPAL CONTACTS Name Position Professor Nguyen Quang Linh Dean – Faculty of Fisheries Dr Hoang Nghia Duyet Mr Ngo Huu Toan Lecturer – Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Lecturer – Faculty of Fisheries Ms Ha Thi Hue Secretary – Faculty of Fisheries Ms Nguyen Thi Thanh (B) Mr Au Tuan Lecturer – Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Lecturer – Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Vice Head Department Small Livestock Research Department of Small Livestock Research Department of Small Livestock Research Department of Small Livestock Research Department of Small Livestock Research Department of Bacteriology Mr Hieu Vice Director Mr Anh Extension Officer Mr Dao Van Hop Chairman Associate Professor Nguyen Van Dong Associate Professor Cu Huu Phu Dr Thuy Head – Department of Small Livestock Research Head – Department of Bacteriology Department of Bacteriology Mr Nguyen Huyen Department of Bacteriology Mr Nguyen Ngoc Phuc Vice-Director – Thuy Phuong Pig Research Centre Director of Research – Thuy Phuong Pig Research Centre Mr Phan Quang Trung Dr Ta Thi Bich Duyen Mr Hoang Bien Mrs Hanh Ms Cam Ms Hoang Mrs Pham Kim Dung Institution Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry National Institute of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institute of Veterinary Research Department Agriculture Quang Tri Province Department Agriculture Quang Tri Province Hai Lang Commune, Quang Tri Province National Institute of Animal Husbandry National Institute of Veterinary Research National Institute of Veterinary Research National Institute of Veterinary Research National Institute of Animal Husbandry National Institute of Animal Husbandry ITINERARY DATE DAY LOCATION 02/12/2009 Wed Bris-Hanoi Thu NIAH Fri NIAH Sat Ha Noi Sun Ha Noi and Transit Mon Quang Tri 10 Tue Wed Thu 11 Fri Quang Tri Quang Tri Quang Tri Transit HUAF 12 Sat HUAF 13 Sun Thuỷ Dương 14 15 16 17 Mon Tue Wed Thu Thuỷ Phương Bình Điền Quang Tho Hue city 18 Fri Hue, Ha Noi ACTIVITY Depart Bris 650hrs, Arrive Ha Noi 2000hrs (via Sydney and HCM) 0900hrs breakfast with Mr Bien and travel to NIAH Discussions with NIAH staff (5members) regarding farmer clubs, farmer-farmer training, film creation, dvd chapter topics and storyboarding process Planning Staff meeting regarding changes to itinerary Staff training session regarding final survey of control and selected farms and data entry, for continuity Lunch with Thuy, discuss plans for farmer clubs and resource creation Morning with Dr Duyen‟s family Travel to Quang Tri by Train with Dr Duyen, Mr Bian and Ms Hanh AM: Meet with farmer club to introduce idea of farmerfarmer training and storyboarding then conduct storyboarding process PM: Travel to each farm suggested by club, to further discuss their involvement in the DVD and film farm snapshots As above As above Tour all farms to finalise ideas for DVD (Plan shooting of chapters) AM: Tarni and Dr Duyen brief Prof Linh and students about the plan for resource development and discuss Prof Linh‟s ideas, to finalise a plan for the week Tarni meet with HUAF staff in afternoon, to finalise plan Planning with Prof Linh, Dr Toan, Dr Duyet and Dr Hang, research on participatory film AM: Meet with farmer club of commune to introduce idea of farmer-farmer training and storyboarding then conduct storyboarding process PM: Travel to each farm suggested by club, to further discuss their involvement in the DVD and film snapshots As above As above As above Review of notes from visits to QT and Hue, Formulate ideas on structure of final DVD, Plan strategy for further farmer preparation in preparation for staff meetings (Time for film-maker to compile footage from previous week) Watch footage from the TTHue visit and debrief with HUAF staff Travel to Hanoi 19 Sat Hanoi 20 21/12/2009 Sun Mon Transit Transit Meeting with HUAF and NIAH staff to decide on structure of DVD Discuss strategies for further training of each farmer club in the topic they will be responsible for and other preparations for January Draft plan for January DVD filming and production Fly Ha Noi to Singapore Fly Singapore to Brisbane (arr 0650hrs) Debriefing meeting with Dr Darren EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NIAH: QUANG TRI PROVINCE Staffing Ms Cam has two small children so is unable to join us in the field but works on data entry and was involved in planning the December field trip to Quang Tri (QT), as was Ms Hoang The three NIAH staff who conducted the final audit and were involved in farmer club meetings in December were Dr Duyen, Mr Bien and Ms Hanh Dr Coi has moved to a different department Farmer clubs The three farmer clubs (across two communes), each with members from a single village, are now strongly established and recently celebrated their one year anniversary with a „pig trivia night,‟ which was filmed by a local cameraman, in September last year Each farmer club has a leader, a communal library and some communal medicines Database We spent one day in the NIAH office, looking over the Vietnamese and English versions of the farmer questionnaire, addressing areas of confusion and looking at what could be improved A major constraint is the lack of speed and reliability of the internet connection We decided the most feasible way to upload the final data would be for Vietnamese staff to upload all but the photos During my time with the Hue team, NIAH staff surveyed the project farms in QT and labelled photos with the farmer codes, on a computer At the end of my trip I was provided with these photos, to upload in Australia A long term strategy, if this database is to be used in the future, may be to periodically send a disc with well-labelled photos (including farm codes) to Australia for upload to the corresponding form on the database HUAF: TTHUE PROVINCE Staffing Mr Ho Ngoc Phuong has gone to the Netherlands to a Masters degree in Animal Science and has been replaced by Miss Thanh Farmer clubs No farmer clubs have been formed amongst project farms before now, though many farmers had attended the same training sessions of the course of the CARD project The HUAF staff decided to have ten farms represented in each farmer club and for clubs to be constituted of farmers from a single commune but several villages There were five communes involved in the project but due to continual disease outbreaks on many farms in the area, many farmers were unable to continue their involvement We were advised not to travel to Hương chữ during my trip, due to an active disease outbreak and the biosecurity risk it would pose This meant we only formed four farmer clubs in TTHue, Further investigation of the reasons farmers withdrew from the project may allow us to assist farmers to safeguard against some of these factors and recover from production losses As a result of non-retention, there were only 2-3 trial farms in each farmer club and 7-8 control farms Each farmer knew more than one other person in the farmer club The challenges we faced in the TTHue farmer clubs were: - Farmers had not experienced being in a farmer club before - Farmers were from several (up to 5) villages so lived further apart from QT so did not know each other so well - Farmers had very varied levels of knowledge The advantages of this situation were: - Farmer-farmer training began immediately, through the process of farmers from control and trial farms storyboarding and visiting farms together, compared to in Quang Tri, where farmers had a similar level of knowledge In this way, TTHue farmer clubs „leap-frogged‟ the process, while QT farmers will begin training other farmers once the DVD is produced - New farmers always provide new insights - Farmers from control farms offered to talk about problems associated with some of their facilities and what they would like to in the future, on the film - Farmers from trial farms were encouraged when reminded of what they had achieved and learned during the project Database I was informed that regular audits were done using the monthly survey and I reminded staff that this data needed to be put on the database I also offered to take photos to Australia, to upload after they had uploaded the data No definite plan was made PHASE ONE: STORYBOARDING Storyboarding followed a protocol illustrated with photographs from the sessions in Appendix Two cameramen were employed, one in each province We have decided to use the services of Mr Ky, from Hue, across both provinces during January, due to his good report with the farmers, making them feel comfortable with the camera, his empathy, flexibility, respect, honesty, patience, interest in the activities and appreciation for rural areas After the storyboarding sessions were complete in all seven farmer clubs we had a general team meeting in Hanoi We reviewed the footage of our afternoons with the farmer clubs to gauge what we wanted for the January filming (see feedback in Appendix 2) We also ran through which clubs we believed should be responsible for teaching which topic on the DVD (See Appendix 3), determined by: - Which topics the respective clubs chose to storyboard (they chose 2-3 and we told them one of these would be the one they would present in the DVD) - Which storyboard each farmer club included the most farmers in (we wanted maximum participation), as for some topics more farmers were keen to be involved - Which topic the farmers seemed to have a good knowledge on and which lessons they could demonstrate using their own farms - Which topics the farmers had interesting insights into (eg, Quang Tho commune could talk abut floodwaters as an extra biosecurity risk in their geographical area and Binh Dien commune could talk about lack of feed resource availability in theirs) I drafted a „Phase Two: Farmer Training & Preparation‟ methodology and associated list of ground-rules, which we discussed this at the meeting I agreed to make some amendments, according to staff feedback and email the final protocol (Appendix 4), for the staff to follow before I return in January for filming and DVD production APPENDIX 1: Phase One: Storyboarding Daily Schedule Greet everyone, put some fruit in a bowl and arrange mats to sit on, in a circle All staff, sit on the mat with the farmers so everyone is at the same level The video camera is not taken out of its bag until Step 12 (below), so that farmers feel comfortable to talk freely and make mistakes Introduce the concept of farmer-farmer training and give the reasons why we want the farmers to be involved Explain that today is a planning session and is also about sharing stories with each other The staff members are here to learn from the farmers too! Introduce the nine topics to the farmers on pieces of coloured paper Ask the farmers to choose topics that they would like to discuss and share their knowledge on (but explain that each farmer club will only produce one chapter in the January DVD, to save their time during this busy Tet season) Discuss reasons why these topics were chosen Introduce the idea of farmer-farmer training, storyboarding and interviewing using a "banana story" roleplay, carried out by staff (Tarni, Dr Duyen, Mr Bien, Ms Thanh) ** Give the farmers textas and a very large piece of paper to write on Everyone will sit on the floor around the piece of paper Draw squares on the paper and let the farmers draw their story about that topic with very simple pictures, as a plan for the film in January Encourage the farmers to write down the people and farms that will be involved in each square 10 Encourage other farmers to help in January by interviewing or helping to film and so write their names in the squares too Try to get everyone involved so they can be proud of their role in the final dvd 11 Staff to present „banana‟ storyboard to the camera, explaining how they would make a film of it 12 Have one or more farmers explain their plan for the film in January, using their first storyboard, to the video camera with another person helping to direct the camera man 13 Continue storyboarding (with no video camera) and presenting the other two chosen topics to the video camera with new people being filmed and helping to direct the camera man each time, so everyone is involved in this process during the morning 14 Break for lunch and farmers go home 15 In the afternoon, take the storyboards to the farms written on the storyboards and get the farmers to show the camera man what they want filmed in January The camera man can take some footage (film) of the things they suggest (eg, the biogas system), for our records and to help us finalise the plan for January 16 When we have visited the suggested farms, invite the farmers back to the farmer leader's house to view some of the film taken that day, on the television, for their feedback, so we know what we might need to change 17 Camera man puts footage on a DVD for us, to help us make a final plan for January **In TTHue, after dot point 5, we will play a game called “The Margolis Wheel” to help the new farmer club members get to know each other and learn more about each other‟s farms, before continuing This „Margolis Wheel‟ exercise was taken from an Insight publication, from where I learned many principles of participatory video: Lunch, N & Lunch, C (2006) Insights into Participatory Video: A Handbook for the Field Insight, UK/France (NB This resource is a free download from www.insightshare.org) 10 APPENDIX 2: - Staff Feedback Regarding the December Filming: Changes for January filming Farmers need to be more involved in the process, with a farmer standing beside the cameraman to dictate what is filmed Need better lighting Beginning of DVD should only have rural images The title of the DVD will be important and should not appear to be owned by the institutions involved but show that it is “From the farmers, in association with the institutes, etc” No project staff should be filmed, only farmers 10-15 minutes for each chapter More pictures, less talking Menu page at beginning, with each chapter Pictures on back of DVD should be one of each farmer club, if they would like Footage (images) and speaking (audio) will need to be combined 11 APPENDIX 3: Chapter Topics and Farmer Clubs Responsible Housing and Ventilation – Thuy Duong - Some images from other farms such as Thuy Phuong (foam insulation), Quang Tho (banana leaf insulation) Sow and piglet management – Thuong Xa - Film gilts on at least one farm - Farmer show building of a creep box, if possible - Hygiene and waste management – Phu Hung Special focus on EM composting Hosing, sweeping, drainage Show making of a brick biogas system (various farms) Show plastic biogas option Integrated farming systems and waste management – Thuy Phuong - Include duckweed and earthworms - Have several farmers talk about their farm, to show the variety of options Common pig diseases – Phu Hung - Will require preparation with Kit and Dr Thuy in January - First we will identify knowledge and practices and go from there Nutrition/Local feeds – Binh Dien - A shorter chapter - Why we keep records, what information we keep, methods for keeping records (e.g sow cards) Nutrition/Local feeds – Binh Dien - A shorter chapter - Diep and Nam‟s farms are the only ones currently involved – should we see if more farmers would like to be involved?? Breeding – Dai Anh Khe - Mr Danh to talk about his experience with losing three sows to PRRS and chosing his new gilts - Discuss the different breed options with sows and boars and why farmers chose the breeds they did Biosecurity – Quang Tho - Need to build lime pits 12 APPENDIX 4: Phase two: Farmer Training & Preparation Technique Spend at least half a day with each farmer club – DO NOT RUSH Show the club the part of the DVD that relates to the club and the chosen topic (don‟t watch the rest) - Ask lots of questions, starting in square one of the storyboard and working through to six, in order For the first square, ask farmers, “How would you like to introduce yourself?” “Where would you like to introduce yourself?” “Do you think other farmers would like to see you outside/inside your home or pig shed or somewhere else?” For the other squares, first ask “What would a farmer be interested in knowing about this topic?”: Farmers may come up with cost, financial benefit, how to it, where to get materials, who can help, etc Write these points down on a big piece of paper Explain that these points can form good interview questions for the farmer who is speaking about this topic Rewrite the first point as an interview question and get the farmers to rewrite the rest Discuss the answers to each of the questions, with a person taking note of everyone‟s answers in dot points After the farmers have discussed the answers, if they have not covered important points, ask them further open questions, to get more information out of them and add new points to the answer list Also, if they have said some things that are inaccurate, try to get them to come up with the correct answers by asking more questions Only tell farmers an answer as a last resort and always explain why the other answer is incorrect and this answer is correct but don‟t labour the point Move onto the next square and follow steps 2-5 for each square Organise the questions and answers and rewrite (in dot-points, not full sentences) into a neat copy for the interviewer and interviewee in each square Let the pairs discuss their questions and answers in private, allowing them to develop their own way to ask/answer the questions (but spend more time with anyone who is not confident with reading) Ask the pairs if they need you to further explain anything to them and if they are comfortable with the questions and answers 10 If the pair would like to practice in front of you or the group, let them so but don‟t over-rehearse Make sure everyone is encouraging and nobody stops them before they are finished! 11 Address any structural farm changes required for the DVD 12 Within one week before filming, spend time with each interviewee/er couple, to let them run through the questions and answers with you - 13 Rules of Engagement Must use methods which first assess knowledge, attitudes and skills of farmers In this way we can avoid re-teaching what is already known and we can develop a clearer strategy for training Do not rush or cut-corners: Methodically go through the training process because we don‟t want the farmers to feel like we don‟t value their time and input – they are the essence of the DVD and their participation is paramount Keep the word “No” (“không”) to an absolute minimum: Our aim is to empower and encourage full participation, not perfect screen performance - When training farmers, allow them to finish their answers before addressing inaccuracies (often they will correct themselves or each other) - When filming farmers, allow them to finish their presentations before addressing inaccuracies Take a note of any problems and at the end, if possible, show the footage to the farmer and explain why what they said was a problem – They may only need to refilm a small amount and their confidence will not be damaged Allow farmers to speak in their own words, not scientific terms: The reason we are not filming ourselves is that farmers will learn better when they can relate to and easily understand what is being said Avoid excessive detail: Each chapter should only be 10-15mins long Have as few people around as possible when rehearsing: Only the interviewer, interviewee and one or maximum two staff members Do not over-rehearse: The farmers will start to feel nervous and anxious if we make the DVD seem too important, it is just meant to be a rough way to show farmers how different people adapt their pig farming to local situations – Remind them of this 14 ... Veterinary Research National Institute of Veterinary Research National Institute of Veterinary Research National Institute of Animal Husbandry National Institute of Animal Husbandry ITINERARY DATE... National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institution of Animal Husbandry National Institute of Veterinary... Pig Research Institute A blueprint for sustainable small holder pig production in Central Vietnam AUSAIDCARD Project (424 7155 01 004/05VIE) TRAVEL REPORT: Miss Tarni Cooper LOCATION: Central