VIETNAM AGRICULTURE SCIENCE INSTITUTE CENTRAL HIGHLAND AGRICULTURE FORESTRY SCIENCE & TECHONOLY INSTITUE REPORT OF RESEARCH RESULTS TOPIC: “Research on selecting the macadamia varieties suitable to Central Highland Area and the possibility to develop macadamia with intercropping method” Topic Presider: Tran Vinh MSc Implementer: Agricultural Engineer Dang Thi Thuy Thao Dak Lak, February 2009 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS OF MACADAMIA OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH 1.1 Define some promising macadamia varieties in the garden of variety group 1.2 Define the growth and developing possibility of grafted macadamia trees in the intercropping methods 1.3 Define the growth and developing possibility of germinated macadamia trees in the pure cropping OBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF THE RESEARCH 2.1 Assess and select macadamia varieties in the group The group from China Organizing method: Variety: H2, 508, OC, 344, 814 Density: 400 trees/ha (5 x 5m) Area: Location: Central Highland Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology Institue Year of Planting: 2002 Plant with pruning trees Targets: Growth Appearance Flower, Fruit Productivity, Nut Quality The group from Thailand Organizing method: Variety : H2, 508, 246, 344, 741, 660 Density : 1.100 trees/ha (3 x 3m) Area : 0,05 Location: Central Highland Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology Institue Year of Planting : 2005 Plant with grafted trees Targets: Growth Appearance In 2009, continue to plant varieties from Australia: A238, A38, A16, A4, Dadow, 344, 246, 203 2.2 Assess the ability of growth and development of the grafted Macadamia tree with the intercropping method Intercrop with Coffea Intercrop with Coffea canephora (Robusta) arabica Density : 138 trees/ha (6x12m) Density : 166 trees/ha (6x10m) Variety: H2, 508, OC Area: Year of Planting: 2006 Location: Vi n KHKTNLNTN Targets: Growth Variety : H2, 508, OC Area : Year of Planting : 2006 Location : B o l c-Lâm Targets: Growth Intercrop with Cacao Density : 138 trees/ha (6x12m) Variety : H2, 508, OC Area : Year of Planting : 2006 Location : Vi n KHKTNLNTN Targets: Growth ng 2.3 Assess the ability of growth and development of the grafted Macadamia tree with the pure cropping method In ak Lak T i Gia Lai Density: 400 trees/ha (5 x 5m) Origination of variety: Lang Son Area: Year of Planting: 2004 Location: Vi n KHKTNLNTN Targets: Growth, rate of flowering trees, rate of collasped trees Density : 400 trees/ha (5 x 5m) Origination of variety: Lang Son Area : Year of Planting : 2004 Location: The Centre of Gia Lai Targets: Growth, rate of flowering trees, rate of collasped trees RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Assess and select the macadamia (Chart to Chart 10) varieties in the group garden 3.2 The growth of Grafted Macadamia intercropping methods : (Chart 11) in : the 3.3 The growth of Germinated Macadamia in the Pure cropping methods : (Chart 12) 3.1 Assess and select the macadamia varieties in the group garden 3.1.1 The variety group of Macadamia originated from China Chart 1: The Growth of the Macadamia varieties after years Root Diameter (cm) Variety Canopy Diameter (cm) Height (cm) Average CV% Average CV% Average CV% H2 14,9 10,2 447 7,8 547 6,9 508 15,7 14 444 11,5 550 10,3 OC 13,3 8,8 349 14,3 425 18,9 814 12,7 13,4 348 18,9 518 8,4 344 13,1 17,9 384 21,9 500 6,1 600 cm 500 D g_c (cm) D tán (cm) Hvn (cm) 400 300 200 100 H2 508 OC 814 344 Gi_ng Diagram 1: The Growth of the Macadamia varieties after years Fruit Gathering The rate of producing seeds is 54%;kernel, 37%;the first class seed, up to 99% The nut is uniform in size An average nut, together with its shell, weighs 9.2 grams Appraisal From Experts With the characteristics of “high in output, excellent in quality”, Gui Re Hao has been offered high appraisal from experts and administrative leaders after their investigation Appraisal From Experts Gui Re I Hao is praised again and again by city leader's for its high yield Appraisal From Experts Scott macrea, an expert from Australian, as well as travelling traders from Hong Kong, visited and investigated the nut garden They showed great interest to Gui Re Hao Appraisal From Experts The former vice president of Vietnam, Ruan Gongdan, guided the Vietnamese Ministry of Forestry, fruit tree experts and travelling traders to head for our station and survey and study on Gui Re Hao Appraisal From Experts Martin, President of association of subtropical agriculture and forestry (first on the right), together with the fruit tree scholar and Professor Huang Huai (third on the right) of forestry science and technology association of Vietnamese, investigated Gui Re Hao Products Popularization Owing to its fine property, Gui Re I Hao is extensively introduced to other places and is widely planted Up to now, in Guangxi, these “other places” include, Fusui county, Cenxi city, Heshan city , Shangsi County, etc The Planting Base of Gui Re Hao in Cenxi City Products Popularization Outside Guangxi, at present, in Baoshan city, Yuanmou county, Ruili city of Yunnan Province, Xingyi city of Kweichow Province, and Zhanjiang city of Guangdong Province, Gui Re Hao grows well and behaves well Products Popularization Combining our tourist resources, we try to let more people learn more about the characteristics of Gui Re Hao Market Expansion Main technical points for cultivating Gui Re Hao We generally adopts the technology of dense planting The three commonly used planting specification include:3m 4m 4m 5m 5m 6m.) It is reasonable to apply fertilizer to young tree, one fertilizer is to accelerate its tip sprouting and the other one is to make the tip strong The tree’s nutrition should be under controlled in order to substantiate the branch tip and raise the branch which bears fruit emphatically Do facelift and prune scientifically and rationally Cultivate the “low height, high yield” tree crown Market Expansion Analysis on investment in and benefit from planting Gui Re Hao The grafting seedling of Gui Re Hao can yield fruit in the third year after planting, and in the tenth year the average production for each plant can reach above 15kg According to the present market price- 20 / kg shell fruit, each plant is able to creat 300 If planted in a field with the specification of 4m 5m, each hectare can bring income as high as 150,000 yuan Market Expansion Cost and Income Include: the fund of seed (the 1st year), the fee of tractorploughing and cave-digging (the 1st year), the fee of fertilizer and pesticide, the administration expense of personnel, others Form on investment per hectare Year cost Year cost 1.44 1.12 0.50 1.43 0.56 1.56 0.83 10 1.67 0.87 11 1.67 1.07 12 1.67 Unit: 10,000 Yuan (RMB) Market Expansion the income of planting Gui Re Hao Begin to produce output from the 4th year and from the 6th year can regain the cost invested at the earlier stage Remarks: The above income is calculated by planting with the specification of 5m 4m, that is planting 495 plants per hectare Table on Investment Efficiency Per Hectare Unit: 10,000 Yuan (RMB) Year Project Total Investment / 100,000 Yuan 1.44 0.50 0.56 0.83 0.87 1.07 1.12 1.43 1.56 1.67 1.67 1.67 Output / kilogram 0 500 990 2500 4950 5940 6930 7920 7920 7920 0 1.0 1.98 5.0 9.9 11.9 13.86 15.84 15.84 15.84 1.44 0.5 0.56 0.17 1.11 3.93 8.78 10.47 12.30 14.17 14.17 14.17 1.94 2.5 2.71 11.49 21.96 34.26 48.43 62.6 76.77 Profit in that year / 100,000 Yuan Total profit / 100,000 Yuan 1.44 2.33 1.22 Remarks: seedlings are calculated by the present market price- 10/plant; NIS (nut in shell) are calculated by the purchasing price of farm- 20/kg ... variety: Lang Son Area : Year of Planting : 2004 Location: The Centre of Gia Lai Targets: Growth, rate of flowering trees, rate of collasped trees RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Assess and select the macadamia. .. sizes of macadamia varieties Chart 8: Number of falling Fruit as the fruit Time of macadamia varieties Number of falling fruit as time Variety Total The 2nd Month The 3rd Month The 4th Month The 5th... Origination of variety: Lang Son Area: Year of Planting: 2004 Location: Vi n KHKTNLNTN Targets: Growth, rate of flowering trees, rate of collasped trees Density : 400 trees/ha (5 x 5m) Origination of