1 project Results in N¸c village- VN/MOA/03-001 (EC/UNDP - SGP PTF) Author: Lª Sü Hång I. Basis information of the project 1.1 Status of economy, society, production and forest resource of the project site Geographical position: Nac village belongs to Lien Minh commune, locates in the south of Vo Nhai district, Thai Nguyen province, and to be about 70 km apart from Thai Nguyen City. Located in a high mountain, the Village shares boundary with Bac Giang province and other districts, so that it has a very important position. Natural area of the Nac Village is 2000 ha (equally with the area of a commune in neighbour areas). However, the boundary area of the Village is being invaded by be people from Yen The District (Bac Giang), Dong Hy (Thai Nguyen), and other villages of the Commune. In fact, the Village is managing only 1300 ha. This limits the success of the forest resource management and economy development of the Village. With the natural area of 1300 ha, the Village has about 1100 ha of forest and forestland, 25 ha of farming land (cultivate only one time per year), and 100 ha for shifting cultivation. Economic-society status: Population and awareness: The Village has total 102 families with 486 people (an average of 5 people/family). The Village has 3 main ethnic communities, of which Dao occupies 80%, Kinh is 16%, and Nung is 4%. Most of local families have resided for ages with the traditional custom is shifting cultivation. There is about 0.5% of population graduated from high school, illiterate rate of labour is 20 %. In general, local awareness is low, illiterate rate of the Village is around 30%. 2 Infrastructure: There is only 8 km of main road from the Commune to the Village center built in 2002 funded by the 135 program and the permanent agriculture and settlement program. The Village is divided into 3 resident areas, and the distance between these areas is from 3-4 km. The distance from the farthest family to the center is 6 km, and the main transportation is on foot. There is no irrigation system, so that local people cultivate based completely on rainfall. The Village does not have electricity and village clinic. There are 4 poor class rooms for primary school, but secondary school pupils have to learn in the Commune (8-14 km on foot), and high school pupils have to stay in the district. Living standard: The income of local people is only 100,000-120,000 VND/person/month. The number of hungry family is 63 of 102, equally with 67% (statistic data of the Village in 2005) . Residents are divided into 4 groups according to geographical condition. Rich families concentrate on the Center and Khe Can area. In contrast, two groups living in Suoi Tram – Suoi Bua and Mang Lon are very poor. Houses are simply constructed and their roof is usually made by thatch. The income is mainly from agriculture. People can also harvest bamboo shoot from forest. In general, those products are just enough for self using, not for comercial purposes. There is no Agriculture and forestry extension implemented in the village, probably due to a long distance from the center, complicated terrain and scattered residence of the Village. Forest resource management Forest resource status: The Village manages around 1100 ha of forests and forest land, of which 600 ha are poor and rehabilitated. There are 500 ha of another land covered by grass and scattered trees. This area is being planned for afforestation. However, at the moment, there is only small area that is covered by plantation forests. Terrace field is scattered widely in the area of the Village. Status of forest resource management: Before the commencement of the project, almost all forests had been allocated to 65 households to manage and use since 1997. Despite a large forest area, local people are very poor, because (1) Forest is too poor to provide 3 forest products; (2) Local people lack money to invest, lack knowledge and techniques. The effectiveness of the forest and forest land allocation is low as people are still poor and forest is still degrading. There have not been any projects or programs to help local people here, except the current project ( SGP PTF). Even the activities of propagandism to protect and develop forest are rarely implemented due to the fact that the conditions of the Village are too difficult for forest guards to come and work and the authority lacks information of the Village. Therefore, illegal issues such as random cutting or shifting cultivation are normally not treated. 1.2 Awareness of local people of the project objectives, expected results and main activities Due to the fact that the Village has not benefited from any common projects and programs such as PAM, 327 and 661, SGP PTFis the first project to be implemented in the Village. Actually, the main road was only built in 2002, but before one had to pass 14 km of forest road to come to the Village. Therefore, all people of the Village are very happy to care about the project. Through meetings within community, people understand the objectives, activities and expected outcomes of the project. People all know this project funded by UNDP would help to develop and protect forests and improve living standard of local people. 1.3 Community based forest management in the project site Forest of Nac Village is allocated to groups of locale people to manage and use forest. This is consistent with the distribution of population and custom of local people. 1.4 The care of local people to forest protection Forest managed by the Village is the watershed a stream and river system, so that it plays a very important role to protect the environment and balance the ecosystem of the region. The loss of forest has created disasters such as flooding, lack of water for daily consumption and for cultivation. Local people are aware of the problems, particularly since the time they were propagandized by the project staff and technicians. 4 II. Results of the project Activities implemented Results written in the Report Results from field evaluation Expert comments 1 Establish groups to use forest - 4 groups to use forest were established, including M¸ng lîn, Khe C¹n, Center, and Suoi Tram groups, with 77 households to attend - Each group has a leader and vice leader and having clear responsibility. - Each group has its own principle and activity plan - Like as reported. - The establishment of 4 groups according to geographical, custom conditions of the Village is consistent. 2 Land use planning in the Village - Land use planning was implemented in period of 4-5/2005 with participation from forest guard, land management, agriculture division, commune leaders and people of Nac Village. - Determined boundary, developed status map and planning map for land use planning for the next 10 years. - Status map and planning maps with the scale of 1/10.000 Activities completely implemented in the field, data, reports and maps were completed and stored in the community house. 3 Land and forest allocation - Allocated land and forest land to 4 groups as soon as the land use planning completed (5/2004). - 646,35 ha of forest and forest land were allocated to 4 groups to manage and use, including: IIa:339.7 ha; Ic: 224.9 ha; bare land Ia+Ib: 66.9 ha; terrace field: 14.85 ha - Completed technical documents according to decision signed by Chair of People Committee. - Allocated in the field following agreement - Restored documents, including basis document, map of land and forest land allocation, Decision to allocate forest and forest land to groups signed by Chair of People Committee. 5 Quarter II/2004: - Started nursery activities. A list of suitable species for planting and rehabilitating was determined, and location and design of nursery were completed. - Two technical transfers (each lasted 2 days) were held with 76 households participated. The main topic was techniques to produce forest seedlings for plantation and rehabilitation. - Reported activities and progress are correct Quarter III/2004: - Constructed 4 nurseries, provided equipments for producing seedlings, each nursery could produce 80000-120000 seedlings/year. - Produced 4100 breed culms of Luong (Dendrocalamus), 600 breed culms of Bat Do bamboo, and 15000 eucalyptus seedlings - Seeds of Acacia, Chukrasia, Canarium, Dedrocalamus sericeus, and container bag, fertilizer were provided to local people. - 4 nurseries for 4 groups were established, the capacity was from 80000 - 120000 seedlings/year, higher than designed. 4 Nursery activity Quarter IV/2004: - Producing 80000 containers and growing seed of Acacia and Dedrocalamus sericeus into containers. As stated in the Report 6 From 5/ 2004 up to now, the nurseries have produced around 200.000 seedlings, including: 4000 breed braches of Luång, 400 breed branches of Bat Do bamboo, and the rest is Acacia and Manglietia conifera, as follows: - Mang Long group has produced 55.000 standard seedlings for planting, including species of Acacia, Manglietia, Denrocalamus, and Bat DO bamboo. - The Center group has produced 61.000 seedlings of which 56.000 seedlings are standard for planting, including species of A. mangium, Eucalytus, Bat Do bamboo, Chukrasia, Canarium, Dedrocalamus sericeus. - Khe can group has produced 40.500 standard seedlings, including Eucalytus, Bat Do bamboo, Chukrasia, Canarium, Dedrocalamus sericeus. - Suoi Tram group has produced 40.000 seedlings for planting, including A. mangium, Eucalytus, Bat Do bamboo, Canarium. - Interviewed each group leader and assessed the field, the number of seedlings reported is reliable. - In general, seedlings grow well, and attain standard for planting. However, there are still some mistakes such as some times a container may have 2-4 seedlings. 7 Quarter II/2004 - Determined list of planting species, including tea, mango, litchi, persimmon, and Tephrosia candida - Held 3 day training course for 22 householders - Designed and carried out models: (1) 0.2 ha tea DPT1 + Tephrosia candida; (2) 0.5 ha tea 0.5 ha tea + fruit trees + Tephrosia candidaÝ; (3) 0.3 ha mangoi + porsimmon. Survival rate is 98%, trees grow well - Meetings with local people held to select suitable species for planting - Technical transfers were held as reported. - 3 models on the field growing well. However, bands of Tephrosia candida have nearly been cut. Quarter III/2004: - Planted 1 tea PTL1 with the density of 10.000 seedling/ha, Tea grows well in area of all 4 groups. - Planted 2 ha of fruit trees with the density of 350 trees/ha, including mango, orange and porsimmon. - Survival rate is 95%. 5 To assist to develop industrial trees and fruit trees on fixed terrace field and garden - Final report has 28 models of tea hybrid and fruit trees implemented by 4 groups. Area of tea hybrid is 7 ha. Area of fruit tree is 3 ha, in which orange is 2,74ha; porsimmon is 0,1ha; Australian mango is 0,1 ha; and longan is 0,18ha. 6 To assist to develop rice and other crops - 02 training courses on techniques to cultivate rice, corn, and soybean with 76 participants from 4 groups selected. - Implemented as reported. 8 - Assist breeds, fertilizer: 270 kg of Khang d©n rice and 400 kg corn from 2 clones 999 and 888, 60 kg soybeans. - Mang Lon group cultivated 1.3 ha of Khang dan rice, 0.3 ha of corn, with the yield was 4200-4400 kg/ha; corn 888 and 999: 2.6 ha, yield 5100-5200 kg/ha. - The Center group cultivated 1.9 ha of Khang dan rice, yield attained 4400 kg/ha; Clone corn 888 and 999: 10.5 ha, yield was 5100 -5400 kg/ha. - Khe can group cultivated 2.4 ha of Khang dan with yield attained 4300 kg/ha; 0.6 ha 2 clones had yield to attain 4500 kg/ha; corn 888: 11.3 ha with the yield attained 5000-5300 kg/ha. - Suoi Tram – Bua: cultivated Corn 999: 2.2 ha, yield attained 5200 kg/ha; Hybrid soybeans: 1.1ha, yield attained 3000 kg/ha. - assistance was carried as reported. - Through interviews and meetings, some local people said that the yield is some what lower than reported, from 100-300 kg/ha. 7 Training on forest planting - 02 training course, each lasted 2 days (14-17/8/2004) As reported 8 Planting dendrocalamus - Planted 6 ha of Dendrocalamus in the Quarter III/2004, equally allocated 1.5 ha to each group, the density was 300 trees/ha - The area of Dendrocalamus planted is as reported. The species grows well. However, the tending such as cleaning grass is not well done. 9 8 Planing other tree species Up to the Quarter II/2005, the area of plantation achieved: - Mang Lon group planted 27.5 ha, including: Manglietia conifera: 5 ha, Acacia: 22.5 ha, average survival rate is 95-98%. - Khe can group planted 24 ha, of which Manglietia conifera: 3.7 ha; Acacia: 18.3 ha; Eucalyptus: 1 ha; Dendrocalamus membranaceus: 1ha. Survival rate is 95-98%. - The Centre group planted 28 ha, in which Manglietia conifera: 5.8 ha; Acacia: 2.2 ha; Eucalyptus: 2 ha. Survival rate is 95-99%. - Suoi Tram – Bua planted 19 ha, in which Manglietia conifera11 ha; Acacia: 8 ha. Survival rate is 95-98%. - Area of scattered trees is difficult to measure. However, the area of scattered trees is about 100 ha based on number of trees planted. - Survival rate is 95% 9 Restoration to promote natural regeneration - Training 30 people (1 class) on restoration to promote natural regeneration - 120 ha plantation forests of 4 groups were restored-oriented protection to promote regeneration, activities implemented: clear vines, un-benefited trees. Training was held, and restoration – oriented protection to promote natural regeneration was implemented. 10 Establish credit fund for groups - With the money of 15 million VND assisted by the project in 2004 (Quarter III/2004) with the low interest (0,5%) to members of group to cultivate. Monthly, members of groups contribute money into the fund. This contribution could include money received from selling seedlings and other activities. Currently, the fund is 34.984.000 VND. As reported Activities are very effective 10 11 Create logo, advertise the program - Created 40 logos in nurseries and testing models, including 36 logos of 25 x 40 cm; 4 logos of 1.5 x 0.5 m. (Quarter III/2004) - 05 advertisement boards are created. Logos and advertisement boards are well protected. 12 Build community house Built community house of 40 m2 - The house was completely built late 2004, and is now been using. Roof is damaged, but is fixed. 13 Propagandising forest protection to pupils - 4 times of propagandism was carried out for pupils of primary schools and secondary school of Lien Minh Commune. - As reported 14 Purchase office equipment - Purchased 1 document wardrobe - 1 set of Xuan Hoa table and chairs - Personal computer - Wardrobe, table and chair were used in the community house. - Computer is used by accountant III. Assessment the quantity and quality of activities 3.1. Results of activities implemented Results implemented Amount Quality comment 1 Establish groups to manage and use forest - 4 groups to manage and use forest - 4 groups have effectively worked. Group leaders/vice leaders are very responsible, and to be respected by group members. All groups have a general principle to protect forest also to benefit from the results. However, each group has several its own principle according to the specific features of the group. [...]... Eucalytus - Seedlings grow well, to attain standard for plantation However, some containers still have some seedlings growing together 5 Assist to develop industrial trees and fruit trees 5.1 Training - 2 days of training on planting hybrid tea by breed branches - Householders participated well - Training contents meet the demand - 2 days of training to plant fruit trees from the local people - Documents... of record and result note - Data and information are documented, annual, midterm and final reports are detailed and followed the selected format 17 4 Financing management - Financing document and activities have been well implemented Financing report shows the finance unit has implemented well and followed the current laws and principles II Effectiveness of using project budget - Purchased equipments... each and use, including: IIa:339.7 ha; Ic: allocation - 646.35 ha of forest and forest land group 224.9 ha; bare land Ia+Ib: 66.9 ha; - Maps are accepted terrace field: 14.85 ha - Allocated boundary in the field 4 Nursery activities 4.1 Training producing seedling on 02 trainings on techniques to produce - Through interviewed, all most all seedlings families know techniques to produce seedlings, normally... as the orange model 0,1 ha; Longan: 0,18ha) 5 Assist to develop growing rice and other crops 5.1 Training owned by Mr Trieu Van An 02 training courses on techniques to grow rice, corn and soybean - Householders well participated - Training contents are consistent with local demand - Time for the training courses is suitable 12 5.2 Growing rice and - Planted area for the selected species is Hai dong rice... Producing seedlings - 200000 seedlings, including: + 4000 breed - Provided 200000 seedlings for the branches of plantation program as designed, including 4000 breed branches of Dedrocalamus Dedrocalamus and bat do bam boo, 30000 seedlings of + 400 breed branches of Bat do Manglietia conifera, 156000 seedlings of bamboo A mangium, 15000 seedlings of + Main number of seedlings is Eucalytus, 7000 Chukrasi,... conifera has achieved a great results - Forest planting: In general, the quality of plantation forest is good as the survival rate is more than 95% The Village attains this great success due to: (1) Seedlings are standard before transferring to the field for planting; (2) Seedlings can be possitibely provide from the Village; (3) The planting time and techniques are suitable The initial species selected... sustainable program 21 6 The monitoring and evaluation of activity progress are very important to adjust the activities and schedule to make sue that the project would attain the objectives 7 The capacity building for the community is very important for the implantation and the durability of the project For example, producing seedlings at the village can positively plan for the planting area, to increase... 6 Planting forest - 02 training courses were held, each Training content is consistent with local course lasted 2 days (14-17/8/2004) demand, easy to understand and follow Local people basically could apply techniques to plant forests 7 Planting (Luong) - Planted 6 ha of Luong in Quarter Luong area planted in 2004 grows well Dendrocalamus III/2004, equally allocated 1.5 ha to However, the tending as... Nac Village is implementing a community based forest development project funded by UNDP, and the standard of local people is continuously improving, and the forest resources is sustainably used and managed 5.2 Ability of local peopel to apply the activities implemented Being a large village (the area is as large as a commune down stream) located in mountainous area with very poor infrastructure and difficult... following technical established to provide a capacity of procedures, such as flat level, position, producing water source, protection… Capacity of 80000 seedling/nursery/year to 100000 each nursery is from 100000 – 120000 seedlings/year The nursery system is very significant as the area needs a large number of standard seedling for planting and rehabilitation 11 4.3 Producing seedlings - 200000 seedlings, . accepted - Allocated boundary in the field. 4 Nursery activities 4.1 Training on producing seedling 02 trainings on techniques to produce seedlings - Through interviewed, all most all families. Seedlings grow well, to attain standard for plantation. However, some containers still have some seedlings growing together 5 Assist to develop industrial trees and fruit trees 5.1 Training. training on planting hybrid tea by breed branches - 2 days of training to plant fruit trees - Householders participated well - Training contents meet the demand from the local people - Documents