1 B B etter etter M M anagement anagement P P ractices ractices in shrimp farming in shrimp farming Flavio Corsin 2 Increasing Increasing challenges challenges   Shrimp farming: successful till the 80s Shrimp farming: successful till the 80s   Major source of livelihood/profits Major source of livelihood/profits   90s major diseases begin to appear (e.g. WSD) 90s major diseases begin to appear (e.g. WSD)   Major impact on livelihood of small Major impact on livelihood of small - - scale producers scale producers   Drugs & Chemicals (product quality) Drugs & Chemicals (product quality)   Increasingly stringent standards Increasingly stringent standards   Declining prices Declining prices   Environmental degradation Environmental degradation   Allegations for poor socio Allegations for poor socio - - economical sustainability economical sustainability 3 Need for Need for better = more sustainable better = more sustainable ways to do shrimp farming! ways to do shrimp farming! 4 Need for Need for sustainability sustainability   FAO FAO CoC CoC for Responsible Fisheries (whole fisheries for Responsible Fisheries (whole fisheries sector) sector)   Principles Principles for responsible shrimp farming for responsible shrimp farming   Consortium program Consortium program (WB, NACA, WWF, FAO, UNEP, (WB, NACA, WWF, FAO, UNEP, … … ) )   Epidemiological (population Epidemiological (population - - based) investigations to based) investigations to identify risk factors for diseases identify risk factors for diseases   DFID in Viet Nam and India (1997 DFID in Viet Nam and India (1997 - - 2001) 2001)   ACIAR in India (2001) ACIAR in India (2001)   B B etter etter M M anagement anagement P P ractices identified for India ractices identified for India 5 BMP BMP   BMP are practices that target: BMP are practices that target:   Environment protection Environment protection   Improved shrimp health/production Improved shrimp health/production   Improved food safety Improved food safety   Socio Socio - - economic sustainability economic sustainability   Designed primarily for small Designed primarily for small - - scale farmers, scale farmers, although possible for any scale although possible for any scale   Reduced diseases is the main incentive Reduced diseases is the main incentive 6 Food safety Shrimp Health Earnings Socio-economics investment Environment Yield Biomass 7 Markets Markets Food safety Shrimp Health Earnings Socio-economics investment Environment Yield Biomass Should I buy these shrimp? 8 Principles for sustainable shrimp farming Better Management Practices Better Management Practices Good Aquaculture Practices Good Aquaculture Practices Valid regardless of the species or system Specific to the system 9 BMP history BMP history   NACA/MPEDA Farm demonstration in India (2002) NACA/MPEDA Farm demonstration in India (2002)   Gradual scaling up! Gradual scaling up!   2004 2004 - - 2005 NACA BMP projects in Viet Nam 2005 NACA BMP projects in Viet Nam   Several more projects: Several more projects:   ACIAR in Indonesia & Thailand ACIAR in Indonesia & Thailand   NACA, FAO, WWF in Indonesia (post NACA, FAO, WWF in Indonesia (post - - tsunami) tsunami)   NACA in Iran NACA in Iran   WWF in Viet Nam WWF in Viet Nam   Government of Viet Nam Government of Viet Nam   ACIAR BMP network ACIAR BMP network   CARD, etc CARD, etc … … 10 BMPs in India BMPs in India   Started in 2002 Started in 2002   Government promoted (MPEDA) Government promoted (MPEDA)   Aquaclubs Aquaclubs (farmer groups) (farmer groups)   Contract Hatcheries Contract Hatcheries   Thousands of farmers Thousands of farmers [...]... pathogens,…) Better price by farmers BMP for broodstock suppliers BMP for seed middlemen 18 BMP/GAP Harmonization BMP incorporated into GAP (NAFIQAVED) extension documents Intensive farming Semi-intensive farming BMP disseminated also to other projects in VN 19 BMP in Viet Nam (WWF) Started in 2007 CaMau prov (1/4 production, 40% area) Training for extension workers in farmer group establishment & management. .. Soc Trang prov (linked to MRC/RIA2 project) 15 groups; 278 farmers 20 BMP in Viet Nam Farmers’ benefits Improved production Better technical expertise Better cooperation Increased bargaining power Better access to credit (farmer funds) Interest (farmers & local govt) to expand activities Exploring challenges and opportunities for certification (Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue) Developing links with the market... and national authorities) 14 BMP dissemination Farmers meetings Regular pond visits Training extension workers Training volunteer Ext Workers Extension material Leaflets (10 steps) Booklets Pond books 15 Promoting farmer groups Collaboration Reduce costs: WSSV testing of PL Improve water management Reduce disease spread Volunteer extension workers Key to BMPs dissemination Help other farmers 16 BMP implementation... of cycle (questionnaire) Indicators of BMP implementation Removing soil before stocking Not ploughing if acid soil Testing PL for WSSV Result of BMP application Reduced the risk of mortality (x1.4 to x1.7) Improved production per ha (x2 to x4) Doubled probability of making a profit 17 BMP for all links BMP for hatcheries 6 pilots in 2 provinces Similar production to non-BMP Better quality (no antibiotics;... use of resources (feed) Reduced chemical use Sharing of expenses Easier loans Food safety & traceability Links with market 12 BMP in Viet Nam (NACA) Started in 2004 Danida-funded project: 5 provinces NAFIQAVED developed GAP Practices identified using experience from the region (India) & within VN System specific, practical & affordable by farmers Working with small-scale farmers Promote disease control,... Promote disease control, food safety & reduced environmental pollution 13 BMP in Viet Nam Semi-intensive farming Support farmers to: Prepare the pond better Check seed quality at stocking (WSSV, general health) Monitor pond bottom, water quality and shrimp health Improve biosecurity during production Keep records Better management of heath problems (reduce chemical use) Support implementation at every... Conclusions BMP & farmer groups are the solution for small-scale farmers Monodon is arguably the only possible species Declining prices Solution? BMP products are better Markets request better products (better price/market access) Need for traceability! Possible if farmers are clustered Use WWF influence on consumers/retailers 22 Thank you 23 ... hatchery Seed Production 870 t 2007-08 5 Coastal states 164 Societies 4903 farmers 5170 ha 11 BMPs in India i Reduced Disease Risks Year ii Improved profitability BMP ponds Non BMP + 2003 82% 89% +7% 400 2004 37% 52% +20% 300 2005 2006 15% 17% 1 US$= 42 INR 600 500 42% 44% +27% +27% • Crop Calendar, Same time stocking with optimal density • Quality seed through Contract Hatcheries • Cooperation among farmers...BMPs in India Expansion to 5 states Establishment of NaCSA Expansion to other states West God 2002 Risk factors Farm level demonstr ation BMPs 5 farmers KA GU 2003 Village level extension 2005 2004 2003 Nellore . P P ractices ractices in shrimp farming in shrimp farming Flavio Corsin 2 Increasing Increasing challenges challenges   Shrimp farming: successful till the 80s Shrimp farming: successful till. Health Earnings Socio-economics investment Environment Yield Biomass Should I buy these shrimp? 8 Principles for sustainable shrimp farming Better Management Practices Better Management Practices Good. sustainability economical sustainability 3 Need for Need for better = more sustainable better = more sustainable ways to do shrimp farming! ways to do shrimp farming! 4 Need for Need for sustainability sustainability   FAO