COHERENCE AND ULTRASHORT PULSE LASER EMISSION Edited by Dr. F. J. Duarte Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission Edited by Dr. F. J. Duarte Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2010 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Jelena Marusic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Kostyantyn Ivanyshen, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published December, 2010 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission, Edited by Dr. F. J. Duarte p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-242-5 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com [...]... Piper, J A (19 80) A double-prism beam expander for pulsed dye lasers, Opt Commun 35, 10 0 -10 4 (19 80) Electrically-Pumped Organic-Semiconductor Coherent Emission: A Review 21 Duarte, F J., and Piper, J A (19 81) Prism preexpanded grazing-incidence grating cavity for pulsed dye lasers, Appl Opt 20, 211 3- 211 6 Duarte, F J., and Piper, J A (19 84) Narrow linewidth high prf copper laser- pumped dyelaser oscillators,... range In summary, pulsed laser dye ASE can be as wide as 50-60 nm (Dujardin and Flamant, 19 78; Duarte and Piper, 19 80; Bor, 19 81; McKee et al., 19 82), and high-power dye lasers can be designed to either deliver broadband laser emission in the approximate 4.5 ≤ Δλ ≤ 10 nm range (Schäfer et al., 19 66; Spaeth and Bortfeld, 19 66; Baltakov et al., 19 73), or highly coherent emission with laser linewidths... indistinguishable from broadband dye laser emission 14 References Baldo, M A., Holmes, R J., and Forrest, S R (2002) Prospects for electrically pumped organic lasers, Phys Rev B 66, 0353 21 Baltakov, F N., Barikhin, B A., Kornilov, V G., Mikhnov, S A., Rubinov, A N., and L V Sukhanov (19 73) 11 0-J pulsed laser using a solution of rhodamine 6G in ethyl alcohol, Sov Phys Tech Phys 17 , 11 61- 116 3 Bor, Z (19 81) Amplified... and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission De Martini, F., and Jakobovitz, J R (19 88) Anomalous spontaneous -emission- decay phase transition and zero-threshold laser action in a microscopic cavity, Phys Rev Lett 60, 17 11- 1 714 Diels, J C (19 90) Femtosecond dye lasers, In: Dye Laser Principles, Duarte F J., Hillman, L W., (Eds.), pp 41- 132, Academic, New York Dietel, W., Fontaine, J J., and Diels, J C (19 83)... characterize the coherence of laser emission, is a well-known and accepted practice documented in the laser literature (Nelson and Collins, 19 61; Shimkaveg et al., 19 92; Trebes et al 19 92; Ditmire et al., 19 96; Lucianetti et 14 Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission al., 2004) Indeed, double-slit interferometric measurement have been used to characterize laser emission since the dawn of the laser age... by a single picosecond laser pulse, Opt Lett 29, 8 81- 883 Maslyukov, A., Solokov, S., Kailova, M., Nyholm, K., and Popov, S (19 95) Solid state dye laser with modified poly(methyl methacrylate)-doped active elements, Appl Opt 34, 15 16 -15 18 McKee, T J., Lobin, J., and Young, W A (19 82) Dye laser spectral purity, Appl Opt 21, 725728 Nelson, D F., and Collins, R J (19 61) Spatial coherence in the output... architecture (Duarte et al., 19 90; Duarte, 19 90a) On the other hand, dye lasers are also capable of emitting high-power emission in a broadband mode while using basic mirror-mirror resonators Iconic examples of such lasers are the dye laser reported by Schäfer et al (19 66), with a bandwidth of Δλ ≈ 10 nm, and the dye lasers reported by Spaeth and Bortfeld (19 66) with emission bandwidths in the 4.5 ≤ Δλ... N., and Oppenheim, U P (19 77) Narrowband operation of a pulsed dye laser without intracavity beam expansion, J Appl Phys 48, 4495-4497 Soffer, B H., and McFarland, B B (19 67) Continuously tunable narrow-band organic dye lasers, Appl Phys Lett 10 , 266-267 Sorokin, P P and Lankard, J R (19 66) Stimulated emission observed from an organic dye, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, IBM J Res Develop 10 , 16 2 -16 3... positions r1 and r2 at different times t and (t + τ): 24 Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission Γ ( r1 , r2 ,  τ ) = E ( r1 ,  t ) E * ( r2 ,  t + τ) (1) For a fixed distance (ri - rj) this simplifies to the mutual time correlation function: ( ) Γ ij ri − rj , τ =  Ei ( t ) E * (t + τ) j (2) The absolute value of the normalised correlation function 12 (τ) γ 12 (τ) = Γ 12 ( τ ) / Γ 11 ( 0 ) Γ... of laser and ASE emission in dye lasers It is beautifully illustrated, for instance, that the intrinsic polarization orientation of the emission from a particular dye can be controlled by choosing the orientation of the polarization of the excitation laser relative to the propagation plane of the dye emitter (Duarte, 19 90b) In the case of the copper -laser- 16 Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission . COHERENCE AND ULTRASHORT PULSE LASER EMISSION Edited by Dr. F. J. Duarte Coherence and Ultrashort Pulse Laser Emission Edited by Dr. F. J. Duarte Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 510 00. 435 Josef Blazej, Ivan Prochazka and Lukas Kral Part 2 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Contents VII Comparison. Diels, (19 90)). The narrow- linewidth tunable pulsed dye laser was demonstrated by Hänsch (19 72) and improved by Shoshan et al. (19 77), Littman and Metcalf (19 78), Duarte and Piper (19 80, 19 81) .