ADVANCED RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Stevan Preradović Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Edited by Stevan Preradović Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Katarina Lovrecic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Albert Lozano, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications, Edited by Stevan Preradović p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-168-8 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Part 2 Chapter 9 Preface IX Advanced RFID Tag Design 1 Operating Range Evaluation of RFID Systems 3 Peter. H. Cole, Zhonghao Hu and Yuexian Wang Design and Fabrication of Miniaturized Fractal Antennas for Passive UHF RFID Tags 29 Ahmed M. A. Sabaawi and Kaydar M. Quboa Design of RFID Coplanar Antenna with Stubs over Dipoles 51 F. R. L e Silva and M. T. De Melo An Inductive Self-complementary Hilbert-curve Antenna for UHF RFID Tags 63 Ji-Chyun Liu, Bing-Hao Zeng and Dau-Chyrh Chang Design of a Very Small Antenna for Metal-Proximity Applications 77 Yoshihide Yamada Using Metamaterial-Based Coplanar Waveguide Structures for the Design of Antennas on Passive UHF RFID Tags 115 Benjamin D. Braaten and Masud A. Aziz Fully Printable Chipless RFID Tag 131 Stevan Preradovic and Nemai Karmakar The Interaction of Electrostatic Discharge and RFID 155 Cherish Bauer-Reich, Michael Reich and Robert Nelson Advanced RFID Applications 171 Privacy-enhanced RFID Tag Search System 173 Ji Young Chun, Jung Yeon Hwang and Dong Hoon Lee Contents Contents VI Improving Position Estimation of the RFID Tag Floor Localization with Multiple Recognition Ranges 189 Youngsu Park, Je Won Lee, Daehyun Kim and Sang-woo Kim Pseudorandom Tag Arrangement for Accurate RFID based Mobile Robot Localization 207 Sungbok Kim and Hyunbin Kim RFID Tags to Aid Detection of Buried Unexploded Ordnance 221 Keith Shubert and Richard Davis Reordering of Location Identifiers for Indexing an RFID Tag Object Database 245 Sungwoo Ahn and Bonghee Hong An Efficient Cut-through Mechanism for Tree-based RFID Tag Identification Schemes 259 Nai-Wei Lo and Kuo-Hui Yeh Design and Implementation of a Multi-protocol UHF RFID Tag Simulation Platform 269 Bo Zhang, Dongkai Yang and Qishan Zhang Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Pref ac e Radio Frequency Identifi cation (RFID) is a modern wireless data transmission and re- ception technique for applications including automatic identifi cation, asset tracking and security surveillance. As barcodes and other means of identifi cation and asset tracking are inadequate for recent demands, RFID technology has a racted interest for applications such as logistics, supply chain management, asset tracking, and security access control. Due to the fl exibility and numerous advantages of RFID systems com- pared to barcodes and other identifi cation systems, RFID is now becoming crucial for mass market. Patronization of RFID technology by major retail chains like Wall Mart, K-Mart, USA Department of Defence, and similar consortia in Europe and Asia has accelerated the progress of RFID technology signifi cantly in the new millennium. As a result, sig- nifi cant advancement on RFID technology has been gained within a short period of time. This book focuses on the advances in RFID tag antenna and ASIC design, novel chipless RFID tag design, security protocol enhancements along with some novel ap- plications of RFID. The book is divided into two sections. The fi rst section of the book presents the theory and design of RFID tags – physical layer. The second section of the book focuses on novel RFID applications as well as tag-to-reader communications protocol develop- ment and enhancement. Since most RFID tags comprise of an antenna and chip (ASIC), the design of both are presented in the fi rst section of the book. The initial chapter presents the basic the theo- retical concepts of RFID and also introduces the operating range evaluation of RFID systems since reading range is an important factor when installing an RFID system. The following chapters focus on tag antenna design. The most commonly used antenna for RFID tags is the dipole antenna and a novel technique for matching the antenna imped- ance with the input impedance of the ASIC is presented. Following are novel antenna structures based on miniaturized fractal and Hilber-curve antennas and metamaterial based antennas. Novel fractal structures and metamaterials enable the minituarization of passive UHF tag antennas compared to those that can be found on the market. The design of novel small antennas for metal proximity use is presented with a comprehen- sive parametric study focusing on the design concepts of these antennas. X Preface Following the chapters focusing on tag antenna design are chapters which present a low-power baseband processor for UHF passive tags and the interaction of electro- static discharge and RFID which is hardly ever presented in RFID books but plays an important role in any digital circuit design. The fi rst section of the book is fi nalized by a chapter focusing on a new and exciting type of RFID called Chipless RFID. Chipless RFID has the potential to replace the barcode since it has no ASIC for it. In this book, a fully printable chipless RFID tag based on multiresonators is presented, which encodes data into the spectrum therefore creating its own spectral signature. The second section of the book focuses on new and advanced applications of radio frequency identifi cation. The second section starts with one of the most common ap- plications of RFID – privacy and product maintenance and tracking. In the fi rst chapter of the second section the RFID protocols and their classifi cation are presented. Previ- ously presented works on security and managing hacking a acks on RFID systems are surveyed and new techniques and measures in increasing the privacy of RFID systems are presented. The following chapters focus on the use of RFID for localisation and positioning applications. Novel applications such as the use of RFID for mobile robot positioning and the detection of unexploded ordnance at military fi ring ranges are presented. Advances in RFID tag identifi cation processes and protocols at the RFID reader end along with the reordering of localisation objects for RFID tag databases are presented. The second section of the book is fi nalized with the design and implemen- tation of a multi-protocol UHF RFID platform which enables the designers to have an almost universal test platform before actual RFID system implementation is conducted in order to save cost. This book is intended for readers who are already familiar with RFID and wish to gain information on novel designs and cu ing edge RFID technology. This book also pro- vides substantial theoretical and technological background and explanation of RFID for those readers who are new to the fi eld of RFID and wish to embark into this exciting and ever expanding fi eld. Stevan Preradović Monash University, Australia . ADVANCED RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Stevan Preradović Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Edited by. RFID Tag 13 1 Stevan Preradovic and Nemai Karmakar The Interaction of Electrostatic Discharge and RFID 15 5 Cherish Bauer-Reich, Michael Reich and Robert Nelson Advanced RFID Applications 17 1 Privacy-enhanced. orders@intechweb.org Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications, Edited by Stevan Preradović p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307 -16 8-8 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals