Tai Lieu Chat Luong THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING The Oxford History of Historical Writing is a five-volume, multi-authored scholarly survey of the history of historical writing across the globe It is a chronological history of humanity’s attempts to conserve, recover, and narrate its past with considerable attention paid to different global traditions and their points of comparison with Western historiography Each volume covers a particular period, with care taken to avoid unduly privileging Western notions of periodization, and the volumes cover progressively shorter chronological spans, reflecting both the greater geographical range of later volumes and the steep increase in historical activity around the world since the nineteenth century The Oxford History of Historical Writing is the first collective scholarly survey of the history of historical writing to cover the globe across such a substantial breadth of time Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume 1: Beginnings to ad 600 2: 400–1400 3: 1400–1800 4: 1800–1945 5: Historical Writing since 1945 THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING Daniel Woolf GENERAL EDITOR The Oxford History of Historical Writing VOLUME 5: HISTORICAL WRITING SINCE Axel Schneider and Daniel Woolf VOLUME EDITORS Ian Hesketh ASSISTANT EDITOR 1945 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Oxford University Press 2011 Editorial matter # Axel Schneider and Daniel Woolf 2011 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2011 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–922599–6 10 The Oxford History of Historical Writing was made possible by the generous financial support provided by the Offices of the Vice-President (Research) and the Provost and Vice-President (Academic) at the University of Alberta from 2005 to 2009 and subsequently by Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario General Editor’s Acknowledgements The Oxford History of Historical Writing has itself been the product of several years of work and many hands and voices As general editor, it is my pleasure to acknowledge a number of these here First and foremost are the volume editors, without whom there would have been no series I am very grateful for their willingness to sign on, and for their flexibility in pursuing their own vision for their piece of the story while acknowledging the need for some common goals and unity of editorial practices The Advisory Board, many of whose members were subsequently roped into either editorship or authorship, have given freely of their time and wisdom At Oxford University Press, former commissioning editor Ruth Parr encouraged the series proposal and marshalled it through the readership and approvals process After her departure, my colleagues and I enjoyed able help and support from Christopher Wheeler at the managerial level and, editorially, from Rupert Cousens, Seth Cayley, Matthew Cotton, and Stephanie Ireland I must also thank the OUP production team and Carol Bestley in particular The series would not have been possible without the considerable financial support from the two institutions I worked at over the project’s lifespan At the University of Alberta, where I worked from 2002 to mid-2009, the project was generously funded by the Offices of the Vice-President (Research) and the Provost and Vice-President (Academic) I am especially grateful to Gary Kachanoski and Carl Amrhein, the incumbents in those offices, who saw the project’s potential The funding they provided enabled the project to hire a series of project assistants, to involve graduate students in the work, and to defray some of the costs of publication such as images and maps It permitted the acquisition of computer equipment and also of a significant number of books to supplement the fine library resources at Alberta Perhaps most importantly, it also made the crucial Edmonton conference happen At Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, where I moved into a senior leadership role in 2009, funding was provided to push the project over the ‘finish-line’, to transfer the research library, and in particular to retain the services for two years of an outstanding research associate: Assistant Editor Dr Ian Hesketh I am profoundly grateful for Ian’s meticulous attention to detail, and his ability ruthlessly to cut through excess prose (including on occasion my own) in order to ensure that volumes maintained editorial uniformity internally and together with other volumes, not least because the volumes are not all being published at once A series of able graduate students have served as project assistants, including especially Tanya Henderson, General Editor’s Acknowledgements vii Matthew Neufeld, Carolyn Salomons, Tereasa Maillie, and Sarah Waurechen, the last of whom almost single-handedly organized the complex logistics of the Edmonton conference Among the others on whom the project has depended I have to thank the Office of the Dean of Arts and Science for providing project space at Queen’s University, and the Department of History and Classics at Alberta Melanie Marvin at Alberta and Christine Berga at Queen’s have assisted in the management of the research accounts, as has Julie Gordon-Woolf, my spouse (and herself a former research administrator), whose advice on this front is only a small part of the support she has provided This page intentionally left blank Foreword Daniel Woolf, General Editor Half a century ago, Oxford University Press published a series of volumes entitled Historical Writing on the Peoples of Asia Consisting of four volumes devoted to East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia, and based on conferences held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London in the late 1950s, that series has aged surprisingly well; many of the individual essays are still being cited in our own day The books were also remarkably ahead of their time, since the history of historical writing was at that time firmly understood as being the history of a European genre Indeed, the subject of the history of history was itself barely a subject—typical surveys of the early to mid-twentieth century by the likes of James Westfall Thompson and Harry Elmer Barnes, following Eduard Fueter’s paradigmatic 1911 Geschichte der Neuren Historiographie, were written by master historians surveying their discipline and its origins The Oxford series provided some much needed perspective, though it was not followed up for many years, and more recent surveys in the last two or three decades of the twentieth century have continued to speak of historiography as if it were an entirely Western invention or practice Since the late 1990s a number of works have been published that challenge the Eurocentrism of the history of history, as well as its inherent teleology We can now view the European historiographic venture against the larger canvas of many parallel and—a fact often overlooked—interconnected traditions of writing or speaking about the past from Asia, the Americas, and Africa The Oxford History of Historical Writing is conceived in this spirit It seeks to provide the first collective scholarly history of historical writing to span the globe It salutes its great predecessor of half a century ago, but very deliberately seeks neither to imitate nor to replace it For one thing, the five volumes collectively include Europe, the Americas, and Africa, together with Asia; for another, the division among these volumes is chronological, rather than regional We decided on the former because the history of non-European historical writing should, no more than that of its European counterpart, be viewed in isolation We chose the latter in order to provide what amounts to a cumulative narrative (albeit with well over a hundred different voices), and in order to facilitate comparison and contrast between regions within a broad time period A few caveats that apply to the entire series are in order First, while the series as a whole will describe historical writing from earliest times to the present, each 704 Journal of World History 108, 490 Joyce, Patrick 202, 214, 217, 293 Jugoslovenski istorijski ˇcasopis (journal) 363 Julien, Charles-Andre´ (1891–1991) 286–7 Jutikkala, Eino (1907–2006) 321 Juzwen´ko, Adolf 70 jyske historiker, Den (journal) 323 Kaartvedt, Alf 317 Kaddache, Mahfoud (1921–2006) 509 Kang Man-gil 660, 668–9, 670–1, 675 Kang Sang-Jung 651, 654 Kano Masanao 645 Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) 15 Kaplan, Steven S 278 Kartodikromo, Mas Marco 586 Kasdi, Aminuddin 588 Kasmieh/Qasimiyyah, Khayriah 498 Kawashima Takeyoshi (1909–92) 643–4 Kawtharani, Wajih 500 Kazakhstan 385 Keenan, Danny 601 Kehr, Eckart (1902–33) 200, 203 Kehrites, see Bielefeld School Kelly, Joan (1928–82) 140–1, 145, 150 Kennedy, Paul 105 Kershaw, Ian 234, 294, 308 Keynes, Simon 304 Khalid, Tomadur Ahmed 511 Khmer Rouge 62 Kim Cho˘l (Kim Chul) 674 Kim Yong-so˘p 660, 668–9 Kimmel, Michael 153 King, Michael (1945–2004) 598, 601–2, 605 Kitson Clark, George (1900–75) 202 Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane 340 Klebelsberg, Kuno´ (1875–1932) 259 Klein, Kerwin 49 Kliuchevskii, Vasilii (1841–1911) 378 Knight, Alan 464 Knopp, Guido 234 Kobayashi Yoshinori 653 Kocka, Juărgen 230 Kogan-Bernshtein, Faina (18991976) 384 Koakowski, Leszek (1927–2009) 256, 258, 259 Kolchin 486 Koleva, Daniela 359 Kolko, Gabriel 483 Komagome Takeshi 654 Korea 659–76 censorship of history textbooks 63 Cold War 668, 670 and environmental history 167 feudalism 661, 663 Index myth 662 New Right 660, 672–3, 674–6 1910–45: history-writing under Japanese colonial rule 660–6 1945–60: history-writing in divided Korea 666–7 1960–80: nationalist historiography 667–9 1980–2006: nationalist and post-nationalist historiography 669–75 positivist historiography 659 Society for the Compilation of Korean History 664 timeline/key dates 676 universities 666–7, 671 Kos, Milko (1892–1972) 357 Kosambi, D D (1907–66) 519 Koselleck, Reinhart (1923–2007) 30, 230–1 Kosev, Konstantin 362 Kosminskii, Evgenii (1886–1959) 384 Kosovo 65 Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo 357–8 developments after socialism 368 Institute for History of Kosovo, Prishtina 357–8 University of Prishtina 357–8 Kossock, Manfred (1930–93) 231 Kossuth, Lajos (1802–94) 253 Kovalev, Sergei (1886–1960) 376 Koyre´, Alexandre (1892–1964) 178, 179 Kranzberg, Melvin (1917–95) 183–4 Krause, Karl (1781–1831) 458 Krauze, Enrique 464 Krˇen, Jan 70 Kriegk, Georg Ludwig (180578) 96 Kritische Beitraăge zur Geschichtswissenschaft 230 Kuczynski, Juărgen (1904–97) 226, 227 Kuhn, Thomas (1922–96) 15, 16, 178, 182, 185 Kukrit Pramot (1911–95) 545, 547 Kula, Witold (1916–88) 255, 256, 259, 340, 430 Kumar, Dharma (1928–2001) 521 Kun, Be´la (18861939) 253 Kutnar, Frantisek (190383) 257 Kuăttler, Wolfgang 226 Kuwabara Takeo (1904–88) 644 Kuwait 502 Kwartalnik Historyczny (Historical Quarterly) 248–9 labour history 191 Labrousse, Ernest (1895–1988) 274, 277, 282, 283, 339, 345, 465, 508 LaCapra, Dominic 489 Lacheraf, Mostefa (1917–2007) 507–8 Lafeber, Walter 483 Index Lagrou, Pierre 48 Lal, Vinay 530 Lamprecht, Karl (1856–1915) 97 Landes, David 23, 115–16, 340 Landesgeschichte 227 Langer, Lawrence 29–30 Langholm, Sivert 320 language 27, 28–9 Lappo-Danilevskii, Aleksandr (1863–1919) 378, 380, 381, 390–1 Laqueur, Thomas 153, 190 Laroui, Abdallah 411, 508, 509 Lashin, ʿAbd al-Khaliq 505 Laslett, Peter (1915–2001) 297, 318, 344 Laterza (Italian publisher) 335 Latin America and environmental history 171–3 global economic history 119, 122 truth commissions 40 women’s history in 144 see also individual countries Latour, Bruno 189, 191–2 Law, John 189 Law, Robin 407 Layton, Edwin 191 Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931) 217, 200 Le Goff, Jacques 37, 276, 278, 301, 335, 340 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel 276, 278, 301, 340 Lê Tha`nh Khôi 561 n Lê Va˘n HuPu (1230–1322) 561 Leach, Edmund (1910–89) 298 Leakey, Richard 405 Leal, Victor Nunes (1914–85) 445 Lebanese Association of Women Researchers 511 Lebanon 63, 497, 499–501, 511–12 Lebovics, Herman 214–15 Lefebvre, Georges (1874–1959) 282, 283, 335 Legon School, Ghana 406 Lemisch, Jesse 483 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870–1924) 122 Leopold, Aldo (1887–1948) 165 Lepetit, Bernard (1948–96) 279 Lerner, Gerda 139, 140, 142, 486 Leur, J C van (1908–42) 577, 589 Levene, Ricardo (1885–1959) 423, 426–7 Levi, Giovanni 345, 346, 347 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude (1908–2009) 298, 444 Levine, Lawrence W (1933–2006) 484, 485, 487 Levine, Robert M (1941–2003) 450 Li Enhan 625 Li Guoqi 627 Li Yiyuan 627 Li Xiucheng (1823–64) 626 liberal capitalism 122 Liberia 416 705 Libya 63, 509, 510 Lind, Gunner 328 Lindegren, Jan 323 linguistic turn 22 and Holocaust 40 UK 305 Lipset, Seymour Martin (1922–2006) 480 Lipta´k, L’ubomı´r (1930–2003) 257 Lishi Yanjiu (Chinese journal) 624 Listener, The (magazine) 293 Lithuania 63, 254 Litwack, Leon 485 Liu Jie (1901–77) 623 localness: nationhood and 48 logical positivism 21, 245 Lombroso, Cesare (18351909) 347 Loănnroth, Erik (1910–2002) 312–13, 321 Lopez, Roberto (1910–1986) 341 Lo´pez, Vicente F (1815–1903) 430 Louis, Wm Roger 106 Lovejoy, Paul 481 Luang Wichit Wathakan (18981962) 543 Lui Khiriwat 546 Lukacs, Gyoărgy (1885–1971) 249, 255 Luna, Fe´lix (1925–2009) 433 Lunden, Ka˚re 323 Lundkvist, Sven 319 Lur’e, Iakov Solomonovich (1921–96) 375–6, 382 Lur’e, Solomon Iakovlevich (Salomo Luria) (1890–1964) 375–6, 381, 384, 386 Luzzatto, Gino (1878–1964) 340 Lynd, Staughton 484 Lyotard, Jean-Franc¸ois (1924–98) 193 McCarthyism 52–3 McCook, Stuart 172 McDonald, Forrest 478 Macedonia and Bulgaria 362 censorship of history textbooks 63 communist historiography 357 developments after socialism 368, 370 Institute for National History, Skopje 357, 370 Macek, Josef (1922–91) 250, 255, 257 McGrew, William 365–6 McHugh, Paul 611 McIntosh, S K and R J 405 McLuhan, Marshall (1911–80) 180 McNeill, J R 110, 491 McNeill, William H 100–1, 110, 186, 490 magic 207 Magnus, Philip (1906–88) 295 Mah, Harold 215 Mahafza, ʿAli 503 Maier, Charles 49, 481 706 Maison de Sciences de l’Homme (MSH) 272 Majumdar, Romesh Chandra (1894–1983) 517–18 Maleczy´nska, Ewa (1900–72) 247 Mali 404 Malinowski, Bronisław (1884–1942) 199, 207 Małowist, Marian (1909–88) 256, 259 Manacorda, Gastone (1916–2002) 337–8 Mandler, Peter 215, 218 Mandrou, Robert (1921–84) 271–2, 277 Mani, Lata 88 Mann, Golo (1909–94) 102, 233, 234 Mann, Michael 118, 210–11 Manteuffel, Tadeusz (1902–70) 244, 250, 256 Mao Zedong (1893–1976) 618, 620, 626 Maoris 594–602 Marek, Jaroslav 257 Margaritis, Georges 367 Markov, Walter (1909–93) 226 Markus, Andrew 608 Marpeau, Benoit 217 Marrou, Henri (1904–77) 23 Martin, Henri-Jean (1924–2007) 280 Martineau, Alfred (1859–1945) 286 Martinovics, Igna´c (1755–95) 253 Maʿruf, Naji 499 Maruyama Masao (1914–96) 638, 643–4, 648 Marx, Karl (1818–83) 121, 298 on capitalism 84–6, 120 and science and technology 179–80, 193 and Romania 360 Marxism 150–1 Annales School and 275 Argentina 430–1, 432 Brazil 446 and global economic history 114–15, 120–2 India 74–5, 76, 519–21 Japan 637–40, 641, 643–4, 648 and non-Marxist social theory 207–8 Scandinavia 322–3 and social science 205, 206 USA 484 and world history 96 Marxism-Leninism 254 Balkans 359, 372 Bulgaria 353 China 618–22 Romania 355–6 Yugoslavia 357–8 masculinity 153–4 Masri, Abdullah 502 Mathiez, Albert (1874–1932) 282, 335 Mattoso, Ka´tia de Queiro´s (1923–2011) 448 Maurras, Charles (1900–82) 424 Max Planck Institute for History, Goăttingen 224 Mayaram, Shail 91 Index medical history 110 medicine: in India 81 Medushevskaia, Olga (1922–2007) 379 Medvedev, Roy 69, 70 Megill, Allan 26 Meinecke, Friedrich (1862–1954) 220 Mello e Souza, Laura de 449 Melosi, Martin 162 Memoria: Rivista di Storia delle Donne (journal) 341 Memoriae Ricerca (journal) 341 memory 681, 683 anthropology and 41, 45 collective 36–7, 41–2, 43 communicative 37, 42 cultural 37, 42 definitions of 41 H-memory on-line discussion group 38 history and 22, 27, 36–50 levels of 48 and memory studies 46–7 national 37, 44 and national identity 41–2 and nationhood 39 social 36 of wars 44 see also Holocaust memory studies 27 Holocaust and 38, 39–40 memory and 46–7 Memory Studies (journal) 38 Mendels, Franklin 342 Merchant, Carolyn 162, 190 Meridiana (journal) 343 Merli, Stefano (1925–94) 342 Mernissi, Fatima 512 Merton, Robert K (1910–2003) 178, 179, 185–6 Merzario, Raul (?–2005) 347 Meusel, Alfred (1896–1960) 226 Mexican Revolution 454, 462, 463, 464 Mexico 454–71 Annales School and 465–6 censorship of history textbooks 63–4 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a 469 cultural history 468–70 historicism 456 history and social sciences 464 history of ideas 460–1 history of mentalities 467–8 Instituto France´s de Ame´rica Latina 467 Instituto Panamericano de Geografı´a e Historia 459 microhistory and regional history 466–7 political history 461–3 positivism 456, 461 Index Mexico (cont.) Ranke, influence of 455–60 Secretarı´a de Educacio´n Pu´blica 465 Sistema Nacional de Investigadores 469 timeline/key dates 471 Meyer, Eduard (1855–1930) 97 Meyer, Jean 464 Meyer, Lorenzo 463 Miccoli, Giovanni 349 Michalowski, Piotr 681 microhistory archives and 345, 346 Italy and 140, 344–8 and regional history 466–7 military history 102, 348 Germany and 225, 227 USA and 476, 477 Mill, James (1773–1836) 95–6 Miller, Shawn 173 Mink, Louis O (1901–83) 22 al-Miqdadi, Darwish 497, 502 Miranda, Jose´ (1903–67) 459 misery theory 225–6 Mitra, Satish Chandra 521 Mitre, Bartolome´ (1821–1906) 423, 430 Mitrovic´, Andrej 365 Mo´d, Alada´r (1908–73) 247 modernism 103, 442 modernization theory 190, 201, 204, 206–7, 216 in Japan 643–5 Mohanty, Chandra 147 Mokyr, Joel 191 Moldova 64 Molinari, Diego Luis (1889–1966) 427 Molna´r, Eric (1894–1966) 250 Moloughney, Brian 611 Momigliano, Arnaldo (1908–87) 333–4, 335, 341 monopoly capitalism 122 Montenegro 357, 365, 368 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de (1689–1755) 161 Moore, Barrington, Jr (1913–2005) 104, 121, 464 Morandi, Carlo (1904–50) 334 Moraze´, Charles (1913–2003) 271–2 Morgan, Lewis H (1818–81) 662, 663 Morgan, Sally 609 Mori, Giorgio 341 Morison, Samuel Eliot (18871976) 477 Moărner, Magnus 322 Morocco 64, 506–7, 509 Morphy, Howard 609 Morris, Morris D 520 Morse, Richard 480–1 Moscow Historical Archival Institute 378, 379 707 Moscow School, Soviet Russia 378 Mota, Carlos Guilherme 449 Mousnier, Roland (1907–93) 277 Movimento Operaio (journal) 338 Mozambique 413 MSH (Maison de Sciences de lHomme) 272 Muăhlberg, Dietrich 237 Mukhia, Harbans 519, 522 multiculturalism 26, 155 Mumford, Lewis (1895–1990) 180, 193, 194 Munshi, K M (1887–1971) 517 Murgescu, Bogdan 371 Musa, Sulayman (1920–88) 503 Museum of National History, East Berlin 227 Musson, A E 192–3 Mustafa, Ahmad ʿAbd al-Rahim 505 Mustafa, Shakir 502 Myhre, Jan E 320 Mykland, Knut (1920–2005) 317 myth 69, 144, 296, 343, 480 Balkans 357, 370–1 France 270 history and memory 37, 45 India 515, 530, 534 Korea 662 New Zealand 599, 602 Vietnam 564 white mythology 87–8 Naess, Arne (1912–2009) 160 Naji, Abdul Jabbar 499 Nakasone Yasuhiro (Prime Minister of Japan) 650 Nakharin Mektrairat 554 Namier, Lewis (1888–1960) 295–6, 298–9, 300, 307 Nandy, Ashis 529–30 Nash, Roderick 162 Nasution, General A H (1918–2000) 580 National Archive of Black Women’s History, Washington 143 National Centre for Documentation and Research (NCDR), Abu Dhabi 503 National Council of Education, Research, and Training (NCERT), India 534 National Council on Public History, USA 487 National Historical Museum, Sofia 370 national identity: memory and 37, 41–2, 44 National Institute for the History of the Resistance Movement, Italy 336 National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism, Romania 369 National Library, Sarajevo 368 National Socialism (Nazism) 43–4, 201, 203, 236–7, 238 post-war West Germany and 220, 221–2, 224 Volksgeschichte 200 708 Index nationhood and localness 48 and memory 39 Natthaphon Jaijing 546 NCDR (National Centre for Documentation and Research), Abu Dhabi 503 NCERT (National Council of Education, Research, and Training), India 534 Neale, John (1890–1975) 295, 296 Nechkina, Militsa Vasil’evna (1901–1985) 382 Needham, Joseph (1900–95) 183 ne´gritude 411 Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889–1964) 81, 102 Nejedly´, Zdeneˇk (1878–1962) 246, 253 Nekrich, Aleksandr (1920–93) 389 Netherlands 167, 183 and Indonesia 575–8, 587 Neue Historische Bibliothek (journal) 230 Neue wissenschaftliche Bibliothek (journal) 230 Neumann, Klaus 611 Neusykhin, Aleksandr (1898–1969) 384 Nevins, Allan (1890–1971) 478–9 New Historicism 25 New Zealand 594–605 archives 599, 604 biographies 598–9 and environmental history 166 land issues 594–6, 600 Maoris 594–602 myth 599, 692 oral history 598–9, 601 race relations 594–8 timeline/key dates 612 Treaty history 602–5 Ngô Gia Va˘n Pha´i 561 Ngô Sı˜ Liên (15th cent.) 561, 564 Nguyê~n Du (1765–1820) 563 Nguyê~n Thê Anh 567 Nguyê~n Tra˜i (1380–1442) 563 Nicaragua 64 NiCHE (Canadian network of environmental historians) 163 n Nidhi Eeosiwong 550–1, 555 Nie Yuanzi 54 Niethammer, Lutz 232 Nigeria 406–7, 411 women’s history in 144, 408–9 Nigerian National Archives 406 Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) 17, 26 Nilsson, Sven A (1914–97) 313, 321 Ning Ke 623 Nipperdey, Thomas (1927–93) 229–30, 233 Nkrumah, Kwame (1909–72) 409 No´brega, Manoel da (1517–70) 441 Noche de los Bastones Largos, Argentina 432 Noorduyn, J (1926–94) 579 Nora, Pierre 37, 38, 271, 278, 281, 284, 285 history and memory 42, 48–9 Nordic Conferences for Historical Methodology 311 Nordman, Daniel 281 Norman, Hans 319 North America global economic history 119, 129 see also Canada; United States of America North, Douglass 116 Northern Ireland 302, 303 Norway 1945–60: 316–17, 318 1960–85: 318, 319, 320, 321–2, 323, 324 1985–2010: 324–5, 326, 327 Novais, Fernando 447, 449 Novak, Viktor (1889–1977) 357 Novakovic´, Stojan (1842–1914) 355 Novick, Peter 489 Nueva Escuela Histo´rica, Argentina 422–4, 426–7, 428 Nugroho Notosusanto (1931–85) 580, 582 Oakeshott, Michael (1901–90) 33, 305, 308 Ode´n, Birgitta 313 Official Histories, UK 291, 295 O’Gorman, Edmundo (1907–92) 456, 460, 461 Ogot, Bethwell A 407 OHanlon, Rosalind 79 Ohlander, Ann-Soe 325 ă hngren, Bo 319 O Olafson, F A 22–3 Oliver, Roland 401–2 Olivetti, Adriano (1901–60) 339 Onghokham (1933–2007) 582, 588 oral history Africa 402, 405–7 archives and 630 Australia 609 China 630 FRG 232 Indonesia 585–6 Italy 342, 349 Libya 509 New Zealand 598–9, 601 Sudan 511 Orange, Claudia 603–4 O’Reilly, Michael 602 Organization of African Union 401 orientalism 28 O’Rourke, Kevin 133 Ortega Pena, Rodolfo (193674) 433 ă sterberg, Eva 321, 325 O stergaard, Uffe 325 OTIVM (Croat journal) 371 ¯ tsuka Hisao (1907–96) 638, 644 O Index Oxford University Press 295 Ozouf, Mona 276 Pach, Zsigmond Pa´l 256 Pa´dua, Jose´ Augusto 172 Paek Nam-un (1894–1979) 659, 660, 661–4, 665–6, 668 Pakistan censorship of history textbooks 64 and India 522, 535, 536 partition 44, 81 Palacky´, Frantisˇek (1798–1876) 253 Palestine/Palestinians 502, 509 censorship of history textbooks 63, 64 Palmer, R R (1909–2002) 107, 480 Pan-Africanism 399, 411 Pandey, Gyanendra 82, 83, 530 Pandian, M S S 91 Pane, Sanusi (1905–68) 578 Panikkar, K M (1895–1963) 102, 521, 533 Pankratova, Anna (1897–1957) 386, 387–9 pan-Slavism 246–7 Papacostea, Victor (1900–62) 356 Paparrigopoulos, Constantinos (1815–91) 365 Paraguay 64 Park, Robert (1864–1944) 199 Parker, Geoffrey 306–7 Parkin, Frank 208 Parren, Callirhoe (1859–1940) 138 Parsons, Talcott (1902–79) 202–3 Parsonson, Ann 598, 600 Passerini, Luisa 342 Past and Present (journal) 205, 297–8, 340 patriarchy 145–6, 148, 150 Pavone, Claudio 349 PEHESA, see Programa de Estudios de Historia Econo´mica y Social Americana People’s Republic of China (PRC), see China perestroika 395–6 Pe´rez Brignoli, He´ctor 465 Perkin, Harold (1926–2004) 202 Perovic´, Djoko 365 Perrott, Michelle 141, 278 Peru 64 Peterhouse School 300 Peteri, Gyoărgy 248 Petersburg School, Soviet Russia 3778, 379, 385 Petersen, Erling Ladewig (19292000) 321 Petoă, Sandor (1823–49) 253 Pfister, Christian 167 phenomenology: and analytical philosophy 25 Phibun Songkhram (1897–1964) 545–6, 553–4 Philippines 166–7 Phillips, Mark 31 Phra Sarasas (1889–1966) 543–5 709 Piłsudski, Jo´zef (1867–1935) 259 Pinch, Trevor 188 Pinchbeck, Ivy (1898–1982) 138 Pirenne, Henri (1862–1935) 268 Plato, Alexander von 232 Plotkin, Mariano 436 Pocock, J G A 301, 302–3 Pokrovskii, Mikhail (1868–1932) 378, 383 Pokrovskii School, Soviet Russia 376–7 Poland 243–63 Academy of Sciences: Institute of History 244, 256 anti-Semitism in 258, 260–1 cadres 250 censorship 64, 70 communism in 245 Historical Institute, Warsaw University 244 historiography under Stalinism 248–54 and Holocaust 260 Instytut Zachodni (Western Institute), Pozna´n 245 Jagiellon theory 253–4 Piast theory 253–4 Polish–German relationship 245–6, 261 post-war reconstruction 244–8 Stalinism, end of 254–9 timeline/key dates 263 Polanyi, Karl (1886–1964) 345 Pole, J R (1922–2010) 480 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 254 political history 102, 343, 348 and social history 202 USA and 477, 488 Pollo, Stefanaq 357 Pomeranz, Kenneth 113, 129, 130, 490 Poni, Carlo 347 Ponomarev, Boris (1905–95) 386 Popper, Karl 21, 23, 222 n populism 214 Portelli, Alessandro 347 positivism 304 logical positivism 21, 24–5 Mexico 456, 461 Soviet Russia 380–2 positivist historiography 659 Possing, Birgitte 326–7 post-censorship 59–60 postcolonial criticism 74–91 postcolonialism 39, 49, 602, 609, 647 see also postcolonial criticism postmodernism 2, 3, 21, 26, 413, 485, 489, 552, 602, 609 see also post-structuralism postmodernity 193–4 post-structuralism 155, 302 and Holocaust 40 and social science 212, 214, 215 710 Index Potash, Robert A 463 Potter, David (1910–71) 479 Power, Eileen (1889–1940) 138 Prachathipok, King (1892–1941) 544 Prado, Caio, Jr (1907–90) 444 Prado, Paulo (1869–1943) 443, 444 Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925–2006) 585 PRC (People’s Republic of China), see China Prebisch, Rau´l (1901–86) 122, 428 pre-censorship 59–60 presentism 304 Presidential Commission for Counteracting the Falsification of History Contrary to the Interests of Russia 397 Pridi Phanomyong (1900–83) 544, 545–6, 553–4 Priselkov, Mikhail (1881–1941) 376 Procacci, Giuliano (1926–2008) 339, 341 Programa de Estudios de Historia Econo´mica y Social Americana (PEHESA) 434–5, 436 propaganda 67 censorship and 55–6 Indonesia 583–6 prosopography 295–6 Proust, Marcel (1871–1922) 36 Pryser, Tore 320 Przegla˛d Zachodni (journal) 245, 246 psychoanalysis: and social history 202–3 psychoanalytic theory 151 public history 6, 487–8, 610–11 Pursell, Carroll 183–4 Purwanto, Bambang 587, 588 Pyne, Stephen 169 al-Qasimi, Shaykh Sultan Ibn Muhammad 503 Qasimiyyah/Kasmieh, Khayriah 498 Qi Benyu 624, 626 Quaderni Storici (journal) 341, 343, 345 Quest (journal) 147 Rabinovich, Mikhail 384 radio: and history 293 Radkau, Joachim 163, 169 Rafeq, ʿAbd al-Karim 498 Raggio, Osvaldo 347 Ragionieri, Ernesto (1926–75) 337–9 Ra´ko´czi, Ferenc (1676–1735) 253 Ra´kosi, Ma´tya´s (1892–1971) 253 Rama VII, see Prachathipok, King Rama VIII, see Ananda Mahidol, King Ramadan, ʿAbd al-ʿAzim 504–5 Ramella, Franco 342, 347 Ramos, Samuel (1897–1959) 461 Ranger, Terence 407, 409 Ranke, Leopold von (1795–1886) 16, 96, 105, 224–5 and Mexico 45560 Ranke Society, Germany 222 Ranki, Gyoărgy (193088) 256, 259 Rapant, Daniel (1897–1988) 249, 250–1 Raphael, Lutz 251 Al-Rasheed, Madawi 502 Ratkosˇ, Peter (1921–87) 252 Ravignani, Emilio (1886–1954) 423, 426 Rawls, John (1921–2002) 684 Read, Peter 608 reasoning in history 684–5 Reddy, William 216 Redfield, Robert 522 Reece, Bob 608 Reis, Joa˜o Jose´ 448, 451 Reischauer, Edwin O (1910–90) 644 Reitz, Edgar 234 Rekishigaku kenkyu¯kai (Japanese Marxist historians’ organization) 641, 643 Rekishigaku kinkyu¯ (Japanese journal) 643 relativism 304 religion and conflict in India 532–4 and global economic history 119–20 religious history 488 Renan, Ernest (1823–92) 683 Renouvin, Pierre (1893–1974) 105 Repe, Bozˇo 363 representationalism 22, 24–5, 26, 34, 45 representation of Holocaust 39–40 trauma and 29 Republic of China (ROC), see Taiwan Re´vai, Jo´zsef (1898–1959) 247 revisionism 414, 552 Argentina 422, 424–6, 428, 432–3 Balkans 366–7, 369–70 China 623, 626 and global economic history 128–30 Japan 649, 653 Soviet Russia 386, 389, 392, 393 Revista Brasileira de Histo´ria (journal) 450 Revue d’histoire des colonies 286 Revue franc¸aise d’histoire d’outremer 286 Reyes, Alfonso (1889–59) 457–8 Reynolds, Craig 552 Reynolds, Henry 606, 607, 610 Rian, ystein 321 Ricci, Giovanni 346 Rickert, Heinrich (1863–1936) 23 Ricklefs, M C 581 Ricoeur, Paul (1913–2005) 23, 25 Rigby, S H 212 Rihani, Amin 502 Riley, Denise 153 Ritter, Carl (1779–1859) 96 Index Ritter, Gerhard (1888–1967) 221, 222 Riva Palacio, Vicente (1832–96) 462 Rivista Storica Italiana (journal) 337 Rizq, Yunan Labib (1933–2008) 505 Robbins, Keith 303 Roberts, J M (1928–2003) 307–8 Robertson, William (1721–93) 95 Robinson, Eric 192–3 ROC (Republic of China), see Taiwan Roche, Daniel 280 Rodney, Walter (1942–80) 122, 412–13 Rokkan, Stein (1921–79) 320 Roller, Michail (1908–58) 358 Romania Academy of Sciences, Bucharest 364 Annales School and 360, 365 censorship of history textbooks 64 communist historiography 355–6, 358, 359 The Declaration of Free Historians 368–9 developments after socialism 368–9, 370–1 Institute for Romanian and Soviet Studies, Bucharest 356 and Marxism-Leninism 355–6 National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism 369 and nationalistic historiography 360–1, 364, 365 Romanian Academy: Section for History 356 Romano, Ruggiero (1923–2002) 430 Romanov, Boris (1889–1957) 379, 382–3, 384, 385, 386 Romein, Jan (1893–1962) 102 Romeo, Rosario (1924–87) 338, 339 Romero, Jose´ Luis (190977) 427, 428, 429 Roărig, Fritz (18821952) 314 Rosa, Jose Marı´a (1906–91) 427, 433 Rosas, Juan Manuel de (1793–1877) 424–6 Rose, Deborah Bird 609 Rosenbeck, Bente 326 Rosenberg, Hans (1904–88) 230 Rosenberg, Rosalind 149 Roskell, J S 296 Ross, Dorothy 489 Ross, Ruth (1920–82) 602, 603 Rossiter, Margaret 190 Rostow, W W (1916–2003) 115, 204, 428 Rothfels, Hans (1891–1976) 222 Rowley, Charles (1906–85) 606 Royal, Te Ahukaramu Charles 601 Rubinshtein, Nikolai (1897–1963) 383, 385 Rude´, George (1910–93) 205 Rulfo, Juan (1917–86) 466 Runeby, Nils (1931–2009) 320–1 Runia, Eelco 29, 30 Ruăsen, Joărn 25 Russell, Conrad (19372004) 303 Russett, Cynthia Eagle 153 711 Russia 375–97 censorship of history textbooks 64 global economic history 121 Memorial group 49 post-Soviet 396–7 Presidential Commission for Counteracting the Falsification of History Contrary to the Interests of Russia 397 Soviet anti-Semitism in 375, 384 archeography 390 archives 391–3 biographies 375–6, 388–9 Istoriia Vsesoiuznoi Kommunisticheskoi Partii (bol’shevikov): Kratkii kurs [Short Course] 377, 387–8, 395 New Direction 386–7, 389–90 perestroika 395–6 revisionism 386, 389, 392, 393 timeline/key dates 397 Rwanda 40, 64, 416 Ryan, Lyndall 606 Saadallah, Aboul-Kassem 509 Sabato, Hilda 436 al-Sabbagh, Layla 498 Saʿd, Ahmad Sadiq (191388) 506 al-Sadawi, Nawal 512 Saeculum:Jahrbuch fuăr Universalgeschichte (journal) 103 Sahli, Mohamed (1906–89) 507–8 Saichon Satayanurak 553 Said, Edward (1935–2003) 84, 87, 91, 527 African history and 413 on Indonesian historical writing in Netherlands 575 orientalism 28 al-Saʿid, Rif ʿat 506 Saliba, Jamil (1902–76) 497 Salibi, Kamal 500, 501 Salmond, Anne 598, 600 Salvemini, Gaetano (1873–1957) 334–5 samizdat publications Czechoslovakia 53, 69–70 USSR 69 Sa´nchez-Albornoz, Claudio (1893–1984) 426 Sangari, Kumkum 531 Sannes, Jrn 321 Santiago, Myrna 173 Sapori, Armando (1892–1975) 340 Sarit Thanarat (1908–63) 543 Sarkar, Sumit 525, 528, 533, 535 Sarkar, Tanika 531 Sarton, George (1884–1956) 181 Sartono Kartodirdjo (1921–2007) 581–3, 588 Sastri, Nilakanta (1892–1975) 521 sati 88–90, 148, 154, 532 712 Index Sato¯ Seizaburo (1932–99) 645 Saudi Arabia 502–3 Scalabrini Ortı´z, Rau´l (1898–1959) 433 Scandinavia 311–30 biographies 316, 325, 326–7 and environmental history 167 feudalism 314 institutional conditions and changes 311–12 Marxism in 322–3 1946–60: 312–18 1960–85: 318–24 1985–2010: 324–8 timeline/key dates 329–30 universities 312 women’s history in 142 see also individual countries Schaffer, Simon 187–8 Schama, Simon 293, 306–7 Schiebinger, Londa 190 Schieder, Theodor (1908–84) 223, 234 Schlesinger, Arthur Jr (1917–2007) 477, 488–9 Schlesinger Library Radcliffe College, Boston 142 Schloăgl, Karl 32 Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph (17761861) 96 Schloăzer, August Ludwig von (17351809) 95, 96 Schmidt, Peter 405 Schmitt Pantel, Pauline 141 Schofield, R S 297 School of African and Oriental Studies (SOAS) 401–2 Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860) 15 Schroeder, Paul W 105 Schulte, Regina 232–3 Schulte Nordholt, Henk 582, 586, 588, 589–90 Schulz, Helga 231 Schumacher, E F (1911–77) 180 Schumpeter, Joseph (1883–1950) 181 Schwarz, Hans Peter 234 Schwimmer, Rosika (1877–1948) 138–9 science and technology 177–95 biographies 180, 185, 189 n Cold War 183 new categories of analysis 189–91 new paradigms 184–6 pre-1945 historiography 178–81 1950s professionalization 181–4 science–technology relationship 191–4 social studies of 186–9 SCOT (social construction of technology) 188 Scotland 167, 302, 303 see also United Kingdom Scott, James C 209 Scott, Joan Wallach 136, 150, 151–2, 154, 155, 486, 646 Scriven, Michael 22 Seal, Anil 523 Searle, John 28 Second Sex, The (Beauvoir) 139 Seip, Jens Arup (1905–92) 316–17 Sejersted, Francis 322 Semmingsen, Ingrid (1910–95) 317, 319 Semo, Enrique 465–6 Sempat Assadourian, Carlos 436 Senghor, Le´opold Se´dar (1906–2001) 409 Seni Pramot (1905–77) 545, 546–7 Serbia Academy of Sciences, Belgrade 364 Annales School and 371 censorship of history textbooks 64 communist historiography 355, 357–8 developments after socialism 368 and nationalistic historiography 365 see also Kosovo Sewell, William, Jr 278 sexuality: history of 152–3 Shackelford, Joel 194–5 Shakhmatov, Aleksei (1864–1920) 378 Shalabi, Ahmad 506 Shanin, Teodor 340 Shapin, Steven 187–8 Sharara (Chrara), Waddah 500, 501 Sharma, R S 519 Shaw, Thurstan 405 Shestakov, Andrei (1877–1941) 377, 386 Shiba Ryo¯taro¯ (1923–96) 653 Shigaku zasshi (Japanese journal) 643 Shijie lishi (Chinese journal) 622 al-Shinnawi, ʿAbd al-ʿAziz 506 Shinnie, Peter (1915–2007) 405 Shirer, William L (1904–93) 294 Shoah, see Holocaust SHOT, see Society for the History of Technology Siam, see Thailand Sˇidak, Jaroslav 357 Sidorov, Arkadii (1900–66) 386–7 Signs (American journal) 486 Silva Herzog, Jesu´s (1892–1985) 462 Simiand, Franc¸ois (1873–1935) 345 Sin Ch’ae-ho (1880–1936) 659, 661 Sinclair, Keith (1922–93) 595–6 Singer, Charles J (1876–1960) 183 Sinha, Mrinalini 531 Sissons, Jeffrey 598, 599 Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Mexico 469 Skaria, Ajay 91 Skinner, Quentin 28–9, 300–1, 305 Skocpol, Theda 104, 210, 464, 488 Skodvin, Magne (1915–2004) 321–2 Skowronek, Stephen 488 Skrubbeltrang, Fridlev (1900–88) 315 Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1921–82) 315 Index slavery 108, 110, 130, 131–2, 140, 412–13 Brazil 446, 448 capitalism and 122 Caribbean 122, 131, 479 and cliometric analysis 296–7 USA 480–1, 484–6 Slovak Soviet Republic 252 Slovakia 243–63 censorship of history textbooks 64 communism in 244–5 historiography under Stalin 248–54 pan-Slavism 247 post-war reconstruction 244–8 Stalinism, end of 254–9 timeline/key dates 263 Slovenia 365, 368, 371 Sˇmahel, Frantisˇek 257 Smail, John R W (1930–2002) 578 Smiles, Samuel (1812–1904) 180 Smith, Adam (1723–90) 180 Smith, Bonnie 152 Smith, Henry Nash (1906–86) 480 Smith, Linda Tuhiwai 601 Smith, Philippa Mein 611 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll 146 Smout, Christopher 303 SOAS (School of African and Oriental Studies) 401–2 Soboul, Albert (1914–82) 276, 283 social construction of technology (SCOT) 188 Social Democratic Party (SPD), FRG 230, 237 Historical Commission 237 social history 140, 202–3, 217 Annales School and 199–200, 215 and deference 202, 206, 214 in India 521 political history and 202 in post-war Germany 224, 22835 and psychoanalysis 151 social memory (soziales Gedaăchtnis) 36 social science 199–218 and cultural turn 212–15 and historical turn 207–12 and historiography 339–44 Marxism and 205, 206 and new social history 205–7 post-1945: 201–5 and post-structuralism 212, 214, 215 pre-war legacy 199–201 21st-century 215–18 social science history: USA and 481–2 socialism: capitalism and 120–1 Societa` e Storia (journal) 341 society, notion of 38–9 Society for Latin American and Caribbean Environmental History (SOLCHA) 163 n 713 Society for the Compilation of Korean History 664 Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) 184, 191–2, 194 Society for the Social Studies of Science 187 Society of Indonesian Historians (Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia) 586, 587 Society of Italian Historians 333 sociology 304 sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) 186–7 Soedjatmoko (1922–89) 578, 579 Soewardi Soerjaningrat, R M (1889–1959) 576 SOLCHA (Society for Latin American and Caribbean Environmental History) 163 n Somalia 416 Sombart, Werner (1863–1941) 193 Somkiat Wanthana 551–2 Somsak Jeamteerasakul 554–5 Song Ko˘n-ho (1927–2001) 669–70 Songhay, Africa 404 Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Boston 142 Sorbonne 141 Institut d’histoire de la Re´volution 282, 284 Sorrenson, Keith 596, 602 South Africa 40, 64, 168 South America 119, 129 South Asia 169–71: see also individual countries Southeast Asia 8–9, 166, 286–7, 539–40, 566, 595, 653: see also individual countries Southern, R W (1912–2001) 307 Soviet Russia, see under Russia Soviet Union, see USSR Spain 64, 141, 167 speech act theory 28 Spengler, Oswald (1880–1936) 98, 99 Spiegel, Gabrielle 30 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty 88–9, 91, 154–5, 527–8 Spriano, Paolo (1925–88) 348 Sri Lanka 64 Srinivas, M N (1916–99) 521 Srisakr Vallibhotama 552–3 SSK (sociology of scientific knowledge) 186–7 Stalin, Joseph 246, 251, 253, 254, 355, 359, 376, 377, 384, 385–9, 392–5, 397 Stalinism end of 254–9 and historiography 247–54 Stampp, Kenneth (1912–2009) 484 Stanner, W E H (1905–81) 605–6 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815–1902) 138 Stapel, F W (1879–1957) 577 Starkey, David 293, 308 Staudenmaier, John 191 Stavrianos, L S (1913–2004) 490 714 Index Stedman Jones, Gareth 206, 207, 213–14 Steen, Sverre (1898–1983) 316, 317 Steensgaard, Niels 322 Steinbach, Peter 234 Stenton, Frank (1880–1967) 295 Stern, Leo (1901–82) 226 Stone, Lawrence (1919–99) 204, 211–12, 306–7 Stone, Russell 611 Storia Urbana (journal) 341, 343 Stra˚th, Bo 324–5 Strobach, Hermann 237 structuration theory 208–9 Struve, Vasilii (1889–1965) 376, 377 Studi Storici (journal) 337 Stur, Ludovt (181556) 252 Stuărmer, Michael 236 Sturzo Institute, Italy 336 Subaltern Studies (series), 80, 252–7 Subaltern Studies 74–91 editorial collective and 74, 76 emergence of 75–6 and Eurocentrism 74–5 India 524–9, 531–2 Japan 645 myth 79 provincializing Europe 83–6 rethinking history-writing 86–90 retrieval of subaltern 77–80 subalternity and discourse 80–3 subalternity 209, 528 and discourse 80–3 sublime 22 Sudan 416, 510–11 Sudanese Women’s Union 511 Sudarsono, Yuwono 586 Sukarno (1901–70) 576 Sun Changjiang 70 Suret-Canale, Jean (1921–2007) 402 Suzigan, Wilson 448 Svoronos, Nikos (1911–89) 366 Sweden Congress of Historical Sciences (1960), Stockholm 283 gender history 326 1945–60: 312–14, 317 1960–85: 318, 319–21, 322, 323–4 1985–2010: 325, 327–8 University of Gothenburg: Women’s history archive 142 women’s history in 141, 325–6, 327–8 Switzerland 64 symbolic anthropology 205, 208, 215 Syria 497–8, 509 Szacki, Jerzy 256 Sza´zadok (journal) 2489 Szuăcs, Jenoă (192888) 256 Ta p ch XuPa va` Nay (Vietnamese journal) 570 _ ´, Jorjo (1899–1969) 357 Tadic Taăgil, Sven 320 Taiwan censorship of history textbooks 64 China and 615–17 post-1970s developments 627–9 social theory 625–7 timeline/key dates 632–3 Takahashi Ko¯hachiro¯ (1912–82) 642 Takamure Itsue (1894–1964) 646 Talbi, Mohamed 509 al-Tamimi, ʿAbd al-Malik 502 Tan Malaka (c.1894–1949) 576, 586 Tanaka, Stefan 654 Tannenbaum, Frank (1893–1969) 479 Tanzania 406, 413, 416 Tao Jinsheng 625 Tarabayn, Ahmad 497 Tarle, Evgenii (1874–1955) 376, 384 Tarnovskii, Konstantin (1921–87) 386–7 Tarr, Joel 162 Tau, Te Maire 601 Tawfiq, Ahmad 509 Taylor, A J P (1906–90) 105, 293, 294, 295, 307 Taylor, Miles 202 technology, see science and technology Teitsson, Bjoărn 321 television: and history 293–4 Temimi, Abdeljelil 509 Thackray, Arnold 178 Thailand 539–57 biographies 542 censorship of history textbooks 65 communism in 548–51 Damrong era 541–5 feudalism 544, 549 historical novels 547 local history 553 monarchy in 539–40, 551–5 nationalism in 551–5 Thai Rak Thai party 554 timeline/key dates 556–7 Thaksin Shinawatra 554, 556 Thapar, Romila 518 Tharu, Susie 91 Thernstrom, Stephan 318–19, 481 thick description 25 Thoăkoăly, Imre (16571705) 253 Thomas, Keith 207, 299, 306, 307 Thomas, Nicholas 611 Thomas, Robert 116 Thompson, E P (1924–93) 140, 205, 206, 207, 292, 345 African history and 413 and agency 209 Index Thompson, E P (cont.) and Argentina 435 and Italy 340 and USA 484–5 on working class 300 Thomsen, Niels 322, 326–7 Thongchai Winichakul 552 Thorne, Christopher 105 Tijdschrift voor Ecologische Geschiedenis (journal) 163 n Tikhomirov, Mikhail (1893–1965) 378, 390 Tilly, Charles (1929–2008) 104, 206, 207, 218, 278 and analytical philosophy of history 23 and collective psychology 207 Times Literary Supplement 299, 304–5, 307 Tisza, Istva´n (1861–1918) 259 Tito, Josip Broz (1892–1980) 364 Todorova, Nancy 28 Tnnesson, Kare 322 Toănnies, Ferdinand (18551936) 320 Torr, Dona (1883–1957) 297 Torstendahl, Rolf 320–1 totalitarianism 21 To¯yama Shigeki 640–1, 643–4, 645 Toynbee, Arnold J (1889–1975) 21, 99–101 Trần Huy Liệu (1901–69) 567–8 transnational history 107–8, 109, 476, 492 trauma 22, 27, 29–31: see also Holocaust Trevelyan, G M (1876–1962) 298 Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1914–2003) 294, 307, 402 triangular trade 131 truth commissions 40, 56 Tsunoda Jun (1910–90) 650 Tunisia 506–7, 509 Turkey 65 Turkmenistan 65 Turner, Bryan 209 Turner, Frederick Jackson (1861–1932) 475 Tuzani, Naʿima Harraj 509 Tvardovsky, Aleksandr (1910–71) 69, 70 Udom Sisuwan (pseudonym Aran Phromchomphu) (1920–93) 548 Ueyama Shumpei 644 Uganda 406 Ukraine 65 Ulloa, Berta (1927–2003) 462 UN, see United Nations (UN) UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) 102, 401, 503 Union of Arab Historians 499 Union of the Historical Societies of Yugoslavia 363 United Centre for Science and Higher Education in History, Bulgaria 361 715 United Kingdom (UK) 291–309 biographies 294–6 censorship of history textbooks 65 cultural turn in 305 explanation through agency 294–5 fragmentation and reformation 299–307 history of science 181–2 intellectual history 300–1 key trends 291–4 Official Histories 291, 295 post-war horizons 294–9 present preoccupations 307–9 timeline/key dates 309 universities 291–2 women’s history in 138, 141, 142 and world history 95, 98–9, 101, 103–4, 105 see also England; Scotland United Nations (UN) Development Program 57 International Criminal Tribunals 40 United States of America (USA) 473–93 African-American history 484–5 area studies 103, 473–5, 480–1 Berkshire Conference of Women Historians 141 bottom-up history 140 censorship 52–3, 65 Civil Rights movement 484 Cold War 477, 480 comparative history 479–80 consensus view of history 475, 476, 477–9, 483 diplomatic history 476–7 economic history 488 environmental history 161–3, 491–2 Evangelical Lutheran Church 40 history, fragmentation of 488–9 history of Native American women 147 history of science 181–2 and history of technology 183–4 Indian–White relations 491 Institute for Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg 480 intellectual history 487, 488, 489 and Marxism 484 military history 476, 477 National Archive of Black Women’s History, Washington 143 National Council on Public History 487 New Left 475, 482–7 new social history movement 476 periodization 475–6 political history 477, 488 progressivism 473, 475, 476–7, 483 public history 487–8 religious history 488 and slavery 480–1, 484–6 social science history 481–2 716 Index United States of America (USA) (cont.) synthesis, new searches for 490–2 timeline/key dates 493 transnational history 492 women’s history in 137, 138–9, 140–1, 142, 144, 147, 486 and world history 100–1, 103–4, 105 universal history 678–9 Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo (USP) 444, 447 Urban, Otto (1938–96) 257 urban environmental history 162 urban history 343 Uruguay 65 USP (Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo) 444, 447 USSR censorship in 65, 69 samizdat publications 69 and world history 94, 100 see also Russia al-ʿUthaymin, ʿAbdullah 502 Uzbekistan 65 Vaid, Sudesh (1940–2001) 531 Vainshtein, Osip (1894–1980) 376, 384 Valk, Sigizmund (1887–1975) 379, 385 Vansina, Jan 405, 406 Vargas, Getu´lio (1882–1954) 442 Varnhagen, Francisco Adolfo (1816–78) 441 Vasconcelos, Jose´ (1882–1959) 461 Vatican: ‘We Remember’ (1994) 40 Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929) 193 Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de (1881–1958) 426 Venturi, Franco (1914–94) 334–5, 337, 338 Veyne, Paul 19 VHD (Association of German Historians) 222, 223 Vickers, Adrian 585, 589 victim consciousness 649–50 victimhood 44 Vidal, Gardenia 436 Vierteljahreshefte fuăr Zeitgeschichte (journal) 224 Vietnam 55972 censorship of history textbooks 65 communism in 560, 565, 566, 569, 571 Lê dynasty (1428– 1788) 560–1 myth 564 Nam Tiến 561–2 Nguyê~n dynasty (1802–1945) 560–1 1945–75: divergent paths 567–8 1945–75: historians’ shared ground 560–6 since 1986: 569–71 North–South relations 559–60 origins 563–5 timeline/key dates 572 Trần dynasty (1225–1400) 560–1 Vilar, Pierre (1906–2003) 275, 430 Villegas, Daniel Cosı´o (1898–1976) 427 Villela, Annibal Villanova (1926–2000) 448 Villstrand, Nils Erik 321 Vincent, John 300 Virago (publisher) 143 Visegra´d group 243 Vitale, Luis 171–2 Vodopivec, Peter 365 Volksgeschichte 200 Volobuev, Pavel (1923–97) 386–7 Volpe, Gioacchino (1876–1971) 333, 334 von Wright, G H (1916–2003) 22–3 Voprosy istorii (Soviet Russian journal) 387–8, 389 Vovelle, Michel 274, 284 Vuchetich, Evgenii 69 Wahbah, Hafiz 502 Wahida, Subhi 504 Wahrman, Dror 216 Waldheim, Kurt (1918–2007) 39 Wales 302, 303 Walicki, Andrzej 254, 256 Wallace, Anthony F C 491 Wallerstein, Immanuel 103, 125–6, 275, 447 on capitalism 123–4 and world system 210 Walsh, W H (1913–86) 22–3 Wang Songxing (1935–95) 627 Warburg, Aby (1866–1929) 36 Ward, Alan 596–7 al-Wardi, ʿAli 498–9 Wards, Ian (1920–2003) 602 Ware, Caroline F (1899–1990) 102 Warren, Mercy Otis (1728–1814) 137 Warsaw School 256 Waugh, Edwin (1817–90) 214 Webb, Walter Prescott (1888–1963) 479, 480 Weber, Alfred (1868–1958) 98 Weber, Eugen (1925–2007) 278 Weber, Max (1864–1920) 98, 117, 200, 298, 312– 13, 638 and analytical philosophy of history 23 on Germany 203 and history of science 179 and ideal types 204 Wedgwood, Josiah (1872–1943) 295 Weeks, Jeffrey 153 Wehler, Hans-Ulrich 215, 230, 234 Weibull, Lauritz (1873–1960) 315 Weinstein, James (1926–2005) 483 Weissmann, Karl-Heinz 238 Wells, H G (1866–1946) 98–9, 102 Welter, Barbara 146 Wereszycki, Henryk (1898–1990) 250–1 Werner, Michael 281 Wernham, R B 295 Index West Germany, see Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) Westad, Odd Arne 106 Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John (1902–75) 294 White, Hayden 233, 293, 302, 489 and Japan 646 and narrative 24–6 and representationalism 24–5 and Thailand 552 White, Lynn, Jr (1907–87) 186 White, Richard 162, 491 Wieringa, Saskia 582 Wilks, Ivor 407 Willett, Frank (1925–2006) 405 Williams, Eric 122 Williams, Raymond (1921–88) 233 Williams, William Appleman (1921–90) 483 Williams School, USA 483 Williamson, Jeffrey 133 Winberg, Christer (1942–2008) 323 Winkler, Heinrich August 238 Winock, Michel 278 witchcraft 207 Wittfogel, Karl (1896–1988) 52–3, 121 Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951) 28 Wojciechowski, Zygmunt (1900–55) 245–6, 247 Wolf, Eric R (1923–99) 101, 340, 490 Wolfe, Bertram D (1896–1977) 52 Womack, John 464 Women and Memory Forum, Egypt 511–12 women’s history 136–56 Arab countries 511–12 Australia 141, 610 Austria 141 Canada 141 China 144, 147 early feminist history/herstory 142–9 Eastern Europe 142 France 138, 139, 141, 142 FRG 232–3 GDR 237 Germany (general and post-unification) 142 gender: feminist project and beyond 152–6 gender history: as complement and corrective 149–52 Greece 138, 141 India 530–3 Italy 142, 344 Japan 141, 646 Latin America 144 Nigeria 144, 408–9 Scandinavia 141, 142, 325–6, 327–8 separate spheres paradigm 145–7, 148 Spain 141 Sweden 141, 325–6, 327–8 20th-century women historians/women’s history 137–42 717 UK 138, 141, 142 USA 137, 138–9, 140–1, 142, 144, 147, 486 see gender history, feminism Women’s Press 143 Wong, R Bin 129 Wood, Gordon 480 Woodward, C Vann (1908–99) 477, 480, 685 Woolf, Daniel 32 Worden, Blair 308 working-class history 300, 341–3 World Center for Women’s Archives 138–9 world history 93–111, 270, 476, 490 China and 94, 100 Enlightenment interpretations 94–9 Eurocentrism and 110 France and 97–8, 102–3, 105 GDR and 94 Germany (general and post-unification) and 95–7, 98, 102, 103, 105 global history at turn of millennium 108–11 imperial history 106 India and 521 Japan and 641–2 Marxism and 96 regional/continental history 106–7 sub-national histories 105–6 transnational history 107–8 20th-century interpretations 100–4 UK and 95, 98–9, 101, 103–4, 105 USA and 100–1, 103–4, 105 USSR and 94, 100 World History Association 490 world systems 210, 447 world-systems analysis: and global economic history 114, 124–5, 126 Wormald, Patrick (1947–2004) 304 Worster, Donald 162 Wrigley, E A 297 Wu Han (1909–69) 621–2, 623–4 Wyczan´ski, Andrzej (1924–2008) 256 Xenopol, Alexandru (1847–1920) 360 Xu Zhouyun 625 Yakovlev, Aleksandr (1923–2005) 395 Yamin, Muhammad (1903–62) 578 Yanagita Kunio (1875–1962) 645 Yan’an Rectification Campaign 618 Yang Rongguo (1907–78) 626–7 Yasadipura ll (d.1844?) 575–6, 580 Yasumaru Yoshio 645 Ye Honglie 629 Yi Cho˘ng-sik 673–4 Yi Ki-baek (1924–2004) 667–8 Yi Kwang-su (1892–1950) 661 Yi Pyo˘ng-do (1896–1989) 659, 664, 667 718 Yi Yo˘ng-hun 674 Yin Da (1906–83) 624 Young, Alfred 484 Yu Pei 631 Yugoslavia 357 Annales School and 364 censorship of history textbooks 65 communist historiography 355, 356, 357, 358–9 Congresses of Yugoslav Historians 363 Council for Science and Culture 358–9 developments after socialism 368 Institutes for the History of the Labour Movement 357 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 40 and Marxism-Leninism 357–8 and nationalistic historiography 359–60, 363–4 Union of the Historical Societies of Yugoslavia 363 Zaidel, Grigorii (1893–1937) 376 Zavala, Silvio 455, 456, 457–8, 459, 460, 465 al-Zaydan, ʿAbdullah ʿAli Ibrahim 502–3 Index Zea, Leopold (1912–2004) 461 Zed, Mestika 587 Zeitschrift fuăr Geschichtswissenschaft (journal) 226 Zelnik, Reginald (1936–2004) 388 Zgodovina za vse—Vse za zgodovino (Slovene journal) 371 Zhang Guangzhou 627 Zhebelev, Sergei (1867–1941) 376 Zhivkov, Todor (1911–98) 361 Zhivkova, Ludmila (1942–81) 361–2 Zhou Gucheng (1898–1996) 622 Zhou Yang (1908–89) 623 Zhou Yiliang (1913–2001) 622 Zhukov, Evgenii M 100 Zimbabwe 65 Zimin, Aleksandr (1920–80) 69 al-Zirkili, Khayr al-Din (1893–1976) 502 Zitelmann, Rainer 238 Zoetmulder, P J (1906–1995) 580 Zuckerman, Yitzhak (Ante) (1915–81) 29 Zurayq, Qustantin 497 Zwahr, Hartmut 237 Zwitter, Fran (1905–88) 357 Zymelman, Manuel 428