Tai Lieu Chat Luong New Developments in Marine Biotechnology New Developments in Marine Biotechnology Edited by Y LeGal National Museum of Natural History and College of France Concarneau, France and H Halvorson University of Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts With the editorial assistance of Anne-Marie Lambert Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data New developments 1n mar1ne biotechnology ' ed1ted by Y LeGal and H.O Halvorson p em "Proceedings of the 4th International Mar1ne B1otechnology Conference held September 22-29 1997, 1n Sorrento Paestum, Oranto, and Pugnochtuso Italy'' T.p verso Includes bib11ographical references anc 1ndex ISBN 978-1-4419-3300-3 ISBN 978-1-4757-5983-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-5983-9 Marin~ flshes Molecular aspects Congresses Mar1ne biotechnology Congresses Fishery resources Management-Congresses I LeGal, Yves II Halvorson Harlyn D III Internat1onal Marine Biotechnology Conference 14th 1997 Sorrento, Italy, etc.) OL620.N49 1998 98-24800 572.8'1177 dc21 CIP Proceedings of the 4th International Marine Biotechnology Conference, held September 22-29, 1997, in Sorrento, Paestum, Otranto, and Pugnochiuso, Italy ISBN 978-1-4419-3300-3 © 1998 Springer Science+ Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 http://www.plenum.com 10987654321 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE Past efforts to colonize the environment and domesticate living species, coupled with scientific research, have resulted in the possession (but not always the real control) by humans of any available terrestrial space However, oceans, which represent up to twothirds of the surface of the planet, had not been really approached until the middle of this century As oceanographic science develops, the picture of a rich, diverse, complex and also, in many respects, specific marine life, is coming into view In a broad sense, marine biotechnologies can be understood as the various means or techniques of managing marine living systems for the benefit of mankind The first goal we have is for marine life to provide biomass for food However, today it is not certain that a significant increase of total world fisheries' catches will be possible in the future There are several ways to address this First, we need to generate better, more complete, or different uses of the biomass actually fished This is mainly a matter of upgrading fish and fish wastes Second, we need to artificially grow the living species This falls within the scope of cell cultivation and of aquaculture Both approaches have to be appreciated simultaneously in terms of biology, ecology, and economy In both approaches, profit improvements are linked to the introduction of biotechnological methods and to the use of biotechnological processes The main characteristics of fished biomasses is that they still exist and are readily available They can be considered a huge reservoir of molecules: polysaccharides, enzymes, fats, etc., exhibiting physical, chemical, or biological activities of interest for various purposes The main problem (and it is not a minor one), in terms of techniques and cost, is to isolate and purify these molecules The second issue in biomass treatment is mass cultivation of marine organisms It is now clear that trying to reproduce biomass intensively and artificially cannot easily yield profits, unless we use a series of biotechnological tricks that will permit a drastic lowering of the costs During the last l years, another important problem has emerged This is the spreading of pathogenic organisms in overcrowded sea farms Within a short period of time, sea farms could be almost completly destroyed by marine viruses, microorganisms, or parasites about which we have little information Solutions to these problems represent real strategic tasks for the marine biotechnologists requiring basic research in developmental biology, genetics, gene enginering, endocrinology, pathology, and immunology of species as different as flatfish, salmon, shrimps, abalone, among others Biodiversity is largely a reflection of the very specific aspects of marine life An early trend consisted of limiting the scope of marine biotechnologies to the production of v vi Preface biological models that facilitate the study of general mechanisms These studies feed our knowledge and understanding of life that is built on an unique pattern In contrast, they also favor the exploitation of structural, developmental, and biochemical specificities Marine biotechnologies reveal their genuine potential in offering the investigation and exploitation of molecules and mechanisms for which we not know of any terrestrial counterparts Marine biotechnology is by nature multidisciplinary and clearly incorporates new technologies from molecular biology and chemical analysis to bioreactor technology Marine biotechnologies also deal with environmental management The first step in any kind of management involves a diagnosis of the condition of a systems The past decade has been marked by considerable progress in using rapid and sensitive methods for estimating biological responses to human-induced changes in the environment Many of these methods now use molecular probes, nucleic acids, immunoreagents, or enzymatic biosensors that allow us to record efficiently a considerable number of data A main problem is how to handle this huge quantity of information, to use it, and to forecast the evolutionary trends of an estuary, a bay, a sea, or an ocean Finally, one of the most promising goals for marine biotechnologies will be the possibility of using sophisticated biological tools for managing marine ecosystems Controlling natural production of useful species will be less costly than trying to rear completely demanding species Understanding the tenuousness of the relationship between planktonic species and their environment will perhaps give us an insight on climatic changes and on the biological future of the planet The domains covered by marine biotechnologies are vast and range over various overlapping disciplines, from the molecular approaches of developmental biology and biodiversity to the chemistry of natural substances New fields are rapidly evolving and are helping to successively emphasize specific areas of biological sciences With its biphasic unfolding, the format of the fourth edition of International Marine Biotechnology Conference (IMBC'97) was original and successful, as it enabled the presentation of straightforward reports and constructive discussions With more than sixty selected papers organized in eight sections, this book covers the present state of the art in marine biotechnologies HHand YLG TRIBUTE TO NINO SALVATORE The International Marine Biotechnology Conferences represent an assembly of interdisciplinary scientists and technologists with a common interest in Marine Science Nino Salvatore was one of these He joined the IOC to plan for IMBC'94 in Tromsoe, Norway and quickly demonstrated that he was one of those rare individuals in the scientific community who made an almost instantaneous impression on any person fortunate enough to be acquainted with him His high standards and enthusiasm were widely felt-from the revitalizing of the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, to science policy in the EU, to support for biotechnology, developmental biology, and molecular biology Prof Salvatore was a strong enthusiast for basic research and its application to solving problems of the day During the IMBC'94 meeting, the lack of an European organization to deal with international and European collaboration became evident Characteristically, Nino Salvatore saw the need to establish such an organization He organized an ad hoc meeting and a decision was made to go ahead The European Society for Marine Biotechnology was formed, and its first President, Dr Jan Olafsen, is a member of IOC and was our host in Tromsoe for 1MBC'94 When the decision was made to hold IMBC'97 in Italy, Dr Salvatore applied his energy and enthusiam to its organization, financial support, and his wish to something different An international program committee, chaired by Dr Frank Gannon, developed a program based on peer review of submitted abstracts The mobility of the meeting is an expression of Nino Salvatore's desire to have as many people and scenarios involved as possible because of the diverse subject areas that need to be covered in biotechnology If people cannot come to the conference, the conference will visit them He also had in mind to permit as many of his countrymen to participate as possible while at the same time broadening the picture of the scope of this interdisciplinary subject area in Italy in the minds of foreign conference participants Science has lost a visionary person with a remarkable character Individuals make a difference and Prof Salvatore He will be missed The IMBC'97 is dedicated to him We seek your help in making this meeting a success and thereby honoring Gaetano Salvatore Harlyn Halvorson vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS High Patronage of the President of the Italian Republic Under the aegis of the European Union Under the auspices of Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Ministero dell 'Universita e Della Ric ere a Scientifica e Tecnologica Ministero dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche Regione Campania Regione Puglia Amministrazione Provinciale di Napoli Amministrazione Provinciale di Salerno Amministrazione Provinciale di Foggia Comune di Sorrento Comune di Capaccio/Paestum Comune di Otranto Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Seconda Universita di Napoli Universita degli Studi di Leece Unione degli Industriali della Provincia di Napoli With the support of American Society for Microbiology Biotechnology Center of Excellence Corp, USA Department of Energy, USA Massachusetts Foundation for Excellence in Marine and Polymer Science National Science Foundation, USA National Institutes of Health, USA Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research Policy Center for Marine Biosciences and Technology, USA Society for Industrial Microbiology, USA United States Department of Agriculture ix Acknowledgments X With the contribution of' Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato E Agricoltura, Leece Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato E Agricoltura, Foggia Ente Provinciale per il Turismo, Leece CONTENTS I Biotechnology: Biology or Technology? Keynote Lecture Arthur Kornberg Section 1: Molecular Biology and Transgenic Animals The Paradox of Growth Acceleration in Fish Jose de la Fuente, Isabel Guillen, and Mario P Estrada Gene Transfer in Zebrafish Enhanced by Nuclear Localization Signals Philippe Collas and Peter Alestrom II Gene Transfer in Red Sea Bream (Pagrosomus major) Peijun Zhang, Yongli Xu, Zongzhu Liu, Yuan Xiang, Shaojun Du, and ChoyL Hew 15 Production of Lines of Growth Enhanced Transgenic Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Expressing a Novel Piscine Growth Hormone Gene Azirur Rahman and Norman Maclean Retention of a Foreign Gene Transferred as a Protamine-DNA Complex by Electroporated Salmon Sperm F Y T Sin, J G I Khoo, U.K Mukherjee, and I L Sin 19 29 Section 2: Natural Products and Processes A Novel Antioxidant Derived from Seaweed W C Dunlap, K Masaki, Y Yamamoto, R M Larsen, and I Karube Unusual Marine Sterols May Protect Cellular Membranes against Action of Some Marine Toxins Tatiana N Makarieva, Valentine A Stonik, Ludmila P Ponomarenko, and Dmitry L Aminin 33 37 xi Contributors 328 Chris A Francis Marine Biology Research Division and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0202 Jose de Ia Fuente Mammalian Cell Genetics Division Centro de Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia P.O.Box 6162, Havana, Cuba Masahiro Furutani Marine Biotechnology Institute Kamaishi, Iwate, Japan Erwin A Galinski Institute for Biochemistry Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Wilhelm-Klemm-StraBe 48149 Munster, Germany Adriana A Gambarotta University of Ottawa Heart Institute Jonathan B Geller Department of Biological Sciences University of North Carolina at Wilmington Wilmington, NC 28403, USA William H Gerwick College of Pharmacy Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Ida Gesualdo Zoological Station Naples, Italy Genny Giroux Loeb Inst for Medical Research Ottawa, Canada J Frederick Grassle Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA Patrik Grohn Department of Biotechnology University of Wiirzburg Biocenter-Am Hubland D-97074 Wiirzburg, Germany kloeck@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de L Grumetto Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' Villa Comunale I 80121 Napoli, Italy Isabel Guillen Mammalian Cell Genetics Division Centro de Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia P.O.Box 6162, Havana, Cuba Ximing Guo Rutgers University Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA Christan Hasse Department of Surgery University of Marburg Baldinger Strasse D-35043 Marburg, Germany Margo G Haygood Marine Biology Research Division and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0202 Liming M He Marine Biology Research Division and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0202 Joel Heppell Ottawa Civic Hospital Loeb Research Institute 725 Parkdale Avenue Ottawa, Canada Kl Y 4E9 Contributors Choy L Hew Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Biochemistry University of Toronto Toronto, Canada Russell T Hill Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia B.Ho Department of Microbiology National University of Singapore Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260 Yunhan Hong Physiologische Chemie I Biozentrum der Universiti:it Wiirzburg 97074 Wiirzburg, FRG Deborah Hughes Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA, USA Toshii Iida Marine Biotechnology Institute Kamaishi, lwate, Japan 329 I Karube Research Center for Science and Technology University ofTokyo J G I Khoo Department of Zoology University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Tae Hyun Kim Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan P.O Box 29, 425-600, Korea Sang-Jin Kim Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan P.O Box 29, 425-600, Korea B Klein Station de Biologie Marine Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle et College de France, BP 225 29900 Concarneau, France Kaori Inoue Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan Gerd Klock Department of Biotechnology University ofWiirzburg Biocenter-Am Hubland D-97074 Wiirzburg, Germany kloeck@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de Ann E Jaffray Department of Microbiology University of Cape Town Private Bag, Rondebosch 770 I, South Africa Horst H Klump Department of Biochemistry University of Cape Town Rondebosch, South Africa 7700.K Edward Jakubov National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnologica1 Research P.O.B 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel Kei Kamino Marine Biotechnology Institute 1900 Sodeshi, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424, Japan David P Knight Department of Biological Sciences King Alfred's College, Winchester Hants, United Kingdom Thomas J Koob Skeletal Biology Section Shriners Hospital for Children Tampa, FL 33612, USA Contributors 330 Arthur Kornberg Department of Biochemistry Stanford University Medical Center Beckman B400 Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA U Kuhnlein Department of Animal Science McGill University 21 Ill Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada Kae Kyoung Kwon Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan P.O Box 29, 425-600, Korea Keiichiro Kyozuka Asamushi Marine Biological Station Asamushi, Aomori 039-34, Japan L Lamarcq PBRC, University of Hawaii 41 Ahui St Honolulu, HI 96813 Hans Laufer Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06268, USA R M Larsen Sir George Fisher Centre James Cook University C Le Boulay Station de Biologie Marine Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle et College de France BP 225 29900 Concarneau, France Patrick SC Leung Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology School of Medicine University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA I Levine Coastal Plantations International, Inc Poland, Maine 04274, USA Alison Lewis Loeb Inst for Medical Research Ottawa, Canada Lei Liu Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06268, USA Zongzhu Liu Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao 266071, China Marcial Leonardo Lizarraga-Partida Centro de Investigaci6n Cientifica y de Educaci6n Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) Km 107 Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 22860, Ensenada B.C., Mexico Lynda Llewellyn School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences University of Wales P.O Box 911 Cardiff, CFI 3US, United Kingdom Philip C Lob Department of Microbiology University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Jose Lopez Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA Niels Lorenzen Danish Veterinary Laboratory Hang0vej 2, DK8200 Arhus, Denmark Yuanan Lu Department of Microbiology University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA 331 Contributors Leon Me Clusky Department of Biology Boston University Cummington St Boston, MA 02215, USA Norman Maclean Division of Cell Science School of Biological Sciences Bassett Crescent East University of Southampton Southampton SO 16 7PX, United Kingdom Tatiana N Makarieva Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok-22, Russia M McFaii-Ngai PBRC, University of Hawaii 41 Ahui St Honolulu, HI 96813 Dennis L Maeder Center of Marine Biotechnology Columbus Center University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Baltimore, MD, USA M Marino Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohm' Villa Comunale 80121 Napoli, Italy M Martin Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertebn!s Marins et Malacologie URACNRS 699 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 57, rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France Tadashi Maruyama Marine Biotechnology Institute Kamaishi, lwate, Japan K Masaki Toyo Suisan Kaisha Ltd L Mastrolia Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Universita della Tuscia 1-01100 Viterbo, Italy Jack B L Matthews The Scottish Association for Marine Science Oban, Scotland, UK Tadashi Matsunaga Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan M Mazzini Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Universita della Tuscia I-01100 Viterbo, Italy Josefina Mendez Department of Cell and Molecular Biology University of La Corufia Campus de Zapateira La Corufia 15071, Spain J E Merril Department of Microbiology Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA B Metz Seaweed Biotechnology Laboratory Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant, MA 01908, USA Alexander T Mikhailov Institute of Health Sciences University of La Corufia Campus de Zapateira La Corufia 15071, Spain Bradley S Moore Department of Chemistry Box 351700 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 332 Marco Moracci Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology Naples, Italy Ophira Moran National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research P.O.Box 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel U K Mukherjee Department of Zoology University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand Peter T Murphy Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia E Cesar B Nadala, Jr Department of Microbiology University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Rachakonda Nagabhushanam Tulane University Hideki Nakayama Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan Bruce L Nicholson Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of Maine Orono, ME 04469, USA Bradley Noren Department of Biology Boston University Boston, MA 02215, USA Umberto Oreste Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology CNR, Naples, Italy Contributors A Orta-Ramirez Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Anna Palumbo Zoological Station Naples, Italy Marina Paolucci Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy Laurence H Pearl Structural Biochemistry Section Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University College London United Kingdom Claudia Pecorella Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA Harald Petermann Fachbereich Geowissenschaften University Bremen Postfach 330440 2800 Bremen 33, FRG Shirley A Pomponi Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA Ludmila P Ponomarenko Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok-22, Russia S.A Poulet Station Biologique Place G Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Deborah M Power Unidade de Ciencias e Tecnologias Agrarias Universidade Algarve Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8000, Portugal 333 Contributors Nigel P Preston CSIRO Division of Marine Research Cleveland, Qld 4116, Australia A.W.M.Pui School of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260 Azizur Rahman Division of Cell Science School of Biological Sciences Bassett Crescent East University of Southampton Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom Vimi P Ramsurn School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences University ofWales P.O Box 911, Cardiff, CFl 3US, UK David W Rice Krebs Institute University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK Baruch Rinkevich National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research P.O.B 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel S D Roopashree School of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260 Frank T Robb Center of Marine Biotechnology Columbus Center University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Baltimore, MD, USA K Roberts Seaweed Biotechnology Laboratory Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant, MA01908, USA N Romano Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Universita della Tuscia 1-01100 Viterbo, Italy Gregory L Rorrer Department of Chemical Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Mose Rossi Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology Naples, Italy Edward G Ruby Pacific Biomedical Research Center University of Hawaii Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 B Rudolph Copenhagen Pectin DK-4623 Lille Skensved, Denmark G L Russo Institute of Food Science and Technology National Research Council 83100 Avellino, Italy B Sainte-Marie Division des invertebres et de la biologie experimentale Institut Maurice-Lamontagne Ministere des Peches et des Oceans 850 route de Ia Mer, C.P 1000 Mont-Joli, Quebec, G5H 3Z4, Canada Mukesh K Sahni Departments of Chemistry and Biology William Paterson University Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA Gail Samples Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA Rachakonda Sarojini Tulane University 334 Contributors Thomas Sauer Chiron Behring GmbH & Co Preclinical Development Vaccine P.O.Box 1630, 35006 Marburg, Germany S Sharma Departments of Chemistry and Biology William Paterson University Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA Richard Sayre Departments of Biochemistry and Plant Biology and Graduate Program in Biophysics Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 43210 USA Yoshikazu Shizuri Marine Biotechnology Institute 1900 Sodeshi, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424, Japan G Scapigliati Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Universita della Tuscia I-0 II 00 Vi terbo, Ita! y Manfred Schartl Physiologische Chemie I Biozentrum der UniversiUit Wiirzburg 97074 Wiirzburg, FRG Joachim Schorr Qiagen GmbH Max-Volmer-Strasse 40 I 0, Hilden, Germany Joshua R Schultz University of Ottawa Heart Institute D Sellos Station de Biologie Marine Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle et College de France BP 225 29900 Concameau, France Susan H Sennett Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA J.-M Sevigny Division des invertebres et de Ia biologie experimentale Institut Maurice-Lamontagne Ministere des Peches et des Oceans 850 route de Ia Mer, C.P 1000 Mont-Joli, Quebec, G5H 3Z4, Canada Doo Suep Sim Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan P.O Box 29,425-600, Korea F Y T Sin Department of Zoology University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand I Sin Department of Zoology University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand John T Singer Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology University of Maine Orono, ME 04469, USA D M Smith Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Jae Hak Sohn Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan P.O Box 29, 425-600, Korea Valentine A Stonik Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok-22, Russia Contributors D Sud Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertebn!s Marins et Malacologie URACNRS 699 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 57, rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France Satoru Suzuki Department of Aquaculture Kochi University Nankoku, Kochi 783, Japan Glen E Sweeney School of Molecular and Medical Biosciences University of Wales P.O Box 911 Cardiff, CFl 3US, United Kingdom Haruko Takeyama Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan Lourdes M Tapay Department of Microbiology University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Bradley M Tebo Marine Biology Research Division and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0202 Andreas Teske Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, USA Nicola J Tolliday Center of Marine Biotechnology Columbus Center University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Baltimore, MD, USA 335 Moshe Tom National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research P.O.B 8030, Haifa, 31080, Israel Mario Torrado Institute of Health Sciences University of La Coruiia Campus de Zapateira La Coruiia 15071, Spain E Tosti Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' Villa Comunale 80121 Napoli, Italy Samuel Traina School of Natural Resources Ohio St University Columbus, OH 43210, USA Nicola Urbani Department of Animal Science McGill University 21 Ill Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada Kensal E Van Holde Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-7305, USA Lorraine Van Waasbergen Marine Biology Research Division and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0202 A Van Wormhoudt Station de Biologie Marine Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle et College de France BP 225 29900 Concarneau, France Contributors 336 Costantino Vetriani Center of Marine Biotechnology Columbus Center University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute Baltimore, MD, USA Karen L Visick Pacific Biomedical Research Center University of Hawaii Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 Miryam Z Wahrman Departments of Chemistry and Biology William Paterson University Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA L.Z Wang Seaweed Biotechnology Laboratory Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant, MA01908, USA K Watson Seaweed Biotechnology Laboratory Marine Science Center Northeastern University Nahant, MA01908, USA Ronald Weiner Department of Microbiology University of Maryland (UMPC) V Weis Deptartment of Zoology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-2914 Trevor Wigham School of Pure and Applied Biology University of Wales P.O Box 915 Cardiff, CFl 3TL, UK Lynne Whitehead Department of Microbiology University of Maryland (UMPC) M Wilding Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy Robin Willoughby Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA Christoph Winkler Physiologische Chemie I Biozentrum der Universitat Wiirzburg 97074 Wiirzburg, FRG Irma Wong-Chang lnstituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia UNAM Amy E Wright Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA TongWu Ottawa Civic Hospital Loeb Research Institute 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Canada KlY 4E9 Yuan Xiang Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao 266071, China Yongli Xu Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao 266071, China Y Yamamoto Research Center for Science and Technology University of Tokyo Sigeyuki Yamano Marine Biotechnology Institute Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan Akira Yamazawa Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan 337 Contributors K Yazawa Kanagawa, Japan Kitty S P Yip Krebs Institute University of Sheffield Sheffield, United Kingdom D Zadworny Department of Animal Science McGill University 21 Ill Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada Peijun Zhang Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao 266071, China Ted Zerucha Loeb Inst for Medical Research Ottawa, Canada Ulrich Zimmermann Department of Biotechnology University ofWiirzburg Biocenter-Am Hubland D-97074 Wiirzburg, Germany kloeck@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de INDEX 14-methylsterol, 4-deoxygadusol, 33 35 5.HT, 86 Abalone, 135-140, 165 Acinetobacter sp., 182 Adaptation (digestive enzymes), 235-238 Adhesin, 273-275 Adhesive protein, 77-80 ADP ribose, 121-123 Aeropyrolysin, 271 Aeropyrum pernix Kl, 269 Agardhiel/a, I 02 Agarose, 173, 174 Algin, 62 Alginase, 175 Alginates, 61-64 Alginic acid, 175 Allergen (shellfish), 155-158 Allergic reaction, 155-164 Amberjack, 292 Amylase, 238 Anaphyllaxis, 156 A nisakis simplex, 213 Antarctic fish, 213 Anti-immunoglobin antibodies, 93 Anti-immunoglobin/B-cells MAB, 94 Anti-inflammatory, 50 Anti-thymocytes antibodies, 93 Anti-thymocytes T cells MAB, 93 Anticancer, 42 Antifreeze protein (AFP) gene promoter, 16, 18, 23 Antioxidant, 33-35 Antiphytoplankton, 42 Antitumor, 73-76 Aplysia dactylomela, 44 Apoptosis, 125-128 Aquaculture, 97, 129 Archaea, 193 Archaeoglobus fulgidus, 194 Archaeon,209,269 Ascidian oocytes, 115-119 Ascidian, 115, 121 Astropecten auranciacus, 228 ATPase (chaperonin), 200 ATPase, 200 13-glycosidase, 209-21 I Bacteria (magnetic), 205 Bacterial milking, 201 Barnacle, 77-80 Biodiversity, 317-320 Biohydrid organs, 61 Biomineralization, 165 Bioremediation, 171-176, 177-180, 181-187, 190 Biosafety, 322 Bimaviruses, 291, Blood plasma, 41-42 Brachydanio rerio, 97 Bryostatin, 281-284 Bryozoan, 181 Bugula neritina larvae, 281-284 Bugula neritina, 281-284 Ca2•-channels, 227 Cadmium, 128,190,191,311 cADP receptors, 229 cADP 2, 228, 229 Candida lipolytica, 182, 187 Candida/us endobugula sertula, 284 Capsid proteins (IPNU) expression, 303 306 Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, 151 Carcinus aestuarii, 265, 266 Carcinus maenas, 90, 264-266 Carraghenans, 101, 102 Cassioplia xamachana, 49 Cdc2/cyclin complex, 116 Cell culture (abalone), 165-170 Cell culture (shrimp), 298, 299 Cell cycle, 115, 116 Cell-cell fusion, I 02 Cement proteins genes, 78 Cement, 77-80 Cephalopod, 145 Chamydomonas acidophila, 190 339 340 Chaperonin, I 97-200, 25 I Chimeras, I 32 Chinook salmon, 26, 29 Chionoecetes opi/io, 241 Chitin, 174 Chitinase, 175 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, 189 191 Chondrus crispus, I 02 Chondrus crispus, I 02 Chymotrypsin, 238 Cionaintestinalis, 116-119,121,123 Coho salmon, 29 Contracaecum osculatum, 213,214 Crustacea, 235 Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), 90 Crustacean, 85 87 Cyanobacterium, 251, 255 Cytochrome P450 (cDBA), 311-314 Cytomegalovirus, 97 Cytostatic factor (CSF), 115, 116 Cytotoxic, 38 Deep sea sediments, 205 Delta opioid receptor agonist, 86 Depsipeptides, 49 Development, I 09, 259 Dicentrarchus /abrax, 93 Digestive enzymes, 235 238 Dioxin (ICDD), 312 Dlx homeobox gene, 109 14 DNA repair, 193-196 DNA vaccines, 97-100 Dopamine, 86 Ecology (molecular), 273 Ecteinascidia turbinata, 73 Ectoine, 202,2 I Ehrlich carcinoma cells, 38 Elasmobranch egg, 69 Electroporation, I 6, 29 Embryo (fish), 29 31 Embryonic stem (CES) cells, 129 134 Endocrine factors (Crustaceans), 89 91 Endotoxin, 151-153 Epidermal growth factor, 74 Epigonial growth inhibitory factor (EGIF), I 28 Eropomyosin, I 37-I 38 Ethics, 321 Euchema denticu/atum (spinosum), 102, 103 Eucheuma denticulatum, I 02, I 03 Euprymna sea/opes, 273 275, 277-279 Factor C (recombinant), I 51-153 Factor C, I I Fatty acids, 55 59,66-67,315 316 Fentluramine, 86 Fertilization, 116, 121 Fluoxetine, 86 Fourrier transform mass spectrometry, 55 59 Funding, 321 Index Gametophyte cell, 67 Gene targeting, 131 Gene transfer, II, 15, 18 Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), 221-224 Glycans, 275 Glycohydrolase, 209 Gonad, 260 Gorgonia ventalina, 44 46 Gracilaria chilensis, I 02 Graci/aria gracilis defense genes, 217 Gracilaria gracilis, 217, 218 Gracilaria tikvahiae, I 02 Gram negative bacteria, 153 Gro EL gene, 252, 253 Growthhormone(GH), 7,25, 16, 18,19 20,27,129 Growth, 9, 17, 19, 21, 76, 105, 125, 135, 140 Haliotis asinina, 135, 136-140 Haliotis discus hannai, 137 Haliotis diversico/or supertexta, 136 Haliotis rufescens, 137 Haliotis tubercula, Halistanol sulfate, 38 Halomonas elongata, 20 I, 203 Halotolerant bacteria, 201-203 Hatchability, 89 Heat-stable proteinase, 269 271 Heavy metal, 189 Hemocyanins, 145 Holothuria nobilis, 37 Holothuria scabra, 37 Holothurian, 37 Homarine, 45 Homarus americanus, 160, 161 Homeobox gene, 189 Homeobox, I 09 Homologous recombination, 131 Horseshoe crab, 41, 151 Hydroxyectoine, 202 Hyperthermophilic, I 93, 269 lgE mediated type I hypersensitivity, 155 158 IgE, 156 lgG, 296 Immune system, 93 94 Infections pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), 99, 303-306 Ink gland, 147 InsP , 228, 229 Insulin, 74 Insulin-like growth factor {IGF), Integration of foreign gene, I Intellectual property, 321 lntron, 23 I Invasions (marine), 263 Iota carraghenan, 102, 103 Jellyfish, 49 Kappa carraghenan, 102 Index Kappaphycus alvarezii (cottonii), 102 Laminaria saccharina, 65 Lateolabraxjaponicus, 292 Law of the Sea, 321 Lectin, 273 Libinia emarginata, 89 Light organs, 179 Limulus polyphemous,51 Lithognathus mormyrus, 311-314 Loligo pealei, 285-288 Luminescence, 277-279 Lux genes, 277-279 Macrozoares americanus, 15-18 mag A gene, 205 mag A, 206 207 Magnetic bacteria, 205-207 Magnetite, 205, 207 Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum, 206 Magnetospirillum sp., 205 Male associated peptide (MAP), 260, 261 Mandibular organ inhibiting organ (MOIH), 89 Mandibular organ inhibiting prepo MOIH, 90 Manganese oxidation, 177-180 Manganese, 177 Mannose, 273 Mantle cells, 166, 260 Mantle connective tissue polypeptide (MCTP), 260 MAP kinase, 116, 117 Marine Bacillus sp SG-1, 177 Marine bacteria, 55 Marine bacterium and biodegradation, 171-176 Marine birnaviruses (MABV), 291-293 Marine protective areas, 321 Mating (Snow crab), 241-244 Maturation promoting factor (MPF), 116 Medakafish embryonic cells, 129-134 Medakafish, 129-134 Meiosis, 115, 119, 121-123 Melanin, 147 Melanogenesis, 147-149 Membranes, 37 Mesocosm, 186 Metal binding, 189-191 Metallothionein (eDNA), 311-314 Metallothionein promoter, 15 Metallothionein, 29, 191 Metapenaeus ensis, 160, 161 Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, 194 Methanococcus jannaschii, 193, 195 Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, 197-200 Methanogen, 197-200 Methanopyrus kandleri, 199 Methyl farnesoate (MF), 89 Methyl sterols, 37 Microinjection, 20, 22 Microsatellite DNA, 231,241,265 Molt inhibiting hormone, 90 Moraxel/a sp., 182, 187 341 Mos protein, 118 mos proto-oncogene, 115-119 Mrcp (cement proteins), 78 79 Mycosporine 33-35 Mytilus edulis, 264 Mytilus galloprovincialis, 259-261, 264 Mytilus trossu/us, 264, 265 Naloxone, 86 Naphtoflavone, 311 Nematode (parasite), 213 Nicotinamide nucleotides, 121-123 Nidamental gland (ANG), 70, 285-287 Nori, 103, 142 Nothotenia coriicepts, 213-215 Nothotenia gibberifrons, 213-215 Nuclear localization signals (NLS), 11-14 Nuclear uptake, 12 Ocean pout, 15, 16, 18, 23 Octopus dofleini, 145 Oil degradation, 181-187 Oncorhynchus mykiss, 98 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 29 Oocytes (starfish), 228 Opioid, 87 Oreochromis hornorum (Tilapia), 8, Oreochromis niloticus, 19 Oryzias /atipes, 130-134 Oscillatoria sp., 251 Osmolytes, 201-203 Oxygen transport, 145 Oyster, 81-83 Pagnus major, 291 Pagrosomus major, 15,26 Panaeus, 157 Panulirus stimpsoni, 160, 161 Pathogen (Shrimp), 295-302 Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, 217, 218 Pearl oyster, 293 Pecten maximus, 261 Penaeus stylirostris, 295, 296 Penaeus vannamei, 235-238, 295-296 Peroxidation, 34 Petroleum, 186 Phosphatidylcholine, 34 Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), 103 Phycobiliproteins, 245 Phytane, 185 Phytogenetic grouping and fatty acids, 55-59 Pinctadafucata, 292-293 Pinctadafucata, 293 Policy, 321 Pollution (metal), 177-180, 189 Pollution (oil), 181 Pollution, 11-314 Polymorphism, 231-233, 235-238 Population genetics, 231 Porphyra umbilicalis, 103, 143 341 Index Porphyrayezoensis, 103, 141-144,256 Porphyra, 141-144 Primary cells culture (shrimp), 302 Primary cells culture, 73-76 Pristane, 185 Programmed death, 127 Protamine-DNA complex, 29 Protease, 269 Proteobacteria, 284, 285 -288 Protoplast fusion, I43 Protoplasts, 101-104 Pseudoalteromonas, 287 Pseudopterogorgia americana, 44 Pseudovora decipiens, 213,214 PUFA, 315 -316 Pyrococcus furiosus, I 93- I 96, 22 I -224, 269 Pyrolysin, 269 Sponge, 74-76 Squalus acanthias, 125 Squid, 160, 163, 285 Starfish oocytes, 22 Sterols, 37 40 Stevensine, 75 -76 Streptomyces sp CMB-091 (marine), 49 Stress (salinity), 255 Stress, 251-253, 255 -257 Strombus gigas, 44 46,47 Sulfo/obus acidoculdarius, 194 Sulfo/obus shibatae, 199 Sulfolobus solfataricus, 209-2 I I Swordfish, 231 Symbiont (bacterial), 282, 284, 285 -287 Symbiosis, 273-275, 277-279, 28 I Synechococcus sp., 255 Rainbow trout, 97 Raja erinacea, 70 Red seaweed protoplasts, 101-104 Rec-A-Iike proteins, I 94 Red A gene, 194 Red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), 86 Red seabream, 292 Reporter genes, 98 Reproduction, 128 Reproductive maturation (crustaceans), 85 -87, 89-91 Reproductive system, 259-261 Resources, 321 Ribosomal protein gene, 23 I Tanning, 70 Teichaxinella morchel/a, 73-75 Tetraploids, 81-83 Thermal processing, 245 -248 Thermococcus /ittora/is, 221-224 Thermophilic, 197-200 Thermostability, 221,272 Thunnusthynnusthynnus,232 Thunnus alalunga, 232 Thunnus a/bacares, 232,233 Thunnus obesus, 232 Thyroid hormone (TH) receptor, 105 -108 Thyroid hormone (TH), 105 -108 Tilapia, 7, 18, 19 Tissue culture, I 02 Todarodes pacificus, I 63 Toxins, 37 Transgene (algae), 189, 191 Transgene DNA, 12 Transgene expression, I 1-13, 19,20 Transgene integration, I I Transgene, I 1-13, 19-20, 129, 189,201 Transgenic, 8, I 9, 20, 26, 29 Trematomus bernacchii, 213-215 Tropomyosin, 159, 163 Tropomyosis gene, 140 Trypsin, 238 Tunicate, 73 Salinamides, 49 Sa/mo salar, 99 Scallop,261 Sea bass, 93, 292 Sea Bream, 15, 16, 105 Seaweed, 33-35 Seaweed (red), 101-104 Seaweeds in bioreactors, 65 Secondary metabolites, 41 Sepia officina/is, 147-149 Seriola dumeri/i, 292 Seriola quinqueradiata, 292 Sertoli cells, 126 Shark testis, 125 -128 Shark, 125 Shewanella,287 Shinorine, 33-34 Sinonovacula constricta, 291-293 Sinus gland, 89 Site-directed mutagenesis, 222 Skate, 69-71 Snow crab, 24 I Social concerns, 321 Sparus aurata, I 05, 311 Sperm DNA, 30 Spermatogenesis, 125 Spermicidal, 42 Spider crab, 89 UV-absorbing, 33 UV-A gene, 251 Vibrio anguillarum, 303-306 Vibrio cho/erae 01, 307-310 Vibrio.fisheri, 273-275, 277-279 Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), 98 Virus, 295 White spot baculovirus (CBV), 295 -302 X-organ, 89 Xiphias gladius, 231-233 J43 Index Yellow head virus (YHV), 295-302 Yellowtail, 292 Zebra fish embryo, I 09 Zebrafish, II , 98, I 09